• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.151-164
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• 2024

This study examined the effects of perceived discrimination on multicultural adolescents regarding feelings of conflict over their ethnic identity by investigating the moderating role of father-child open communication and mother-child open communication mediated by bicultural competence. A total of 234 middle school students (grades 7-8; 139 girls and 95 boys) from multicultural families, from which the father is Korean and the mother is not, participated in the study. Data was collected through an online self-report questionnaire and was analyzed via SPSS 26.0 and Process (Version 4.1) MACRO. The results can be summarized as follows. First, bicultural competence mediated the effects of perceived discrimination on feelings of conflict over one's ethnic identity. Enhanced bicultural competence resulting from a lower perception of discrimination contributed to a reduction in feelings of conflict over one's ethnic identity. Second, the moderated mediation effect of fatherchild open communication was significant, while the effect of mother-child open communication was not. Thus, the mediation relationship (lower perceived discrimination increased bicultural competence and, thus, reduced conflict over one's ethnic identity) grew stronger as the level of father-child open communication increased. The significance of this study lies in uncovering the causal relationships between individual and environmental factors that contribute to ethnic identity development among multicultural adolescents, particularly highlighting the important role of Korean fathers within multicultural households.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.511-534
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• 2015

The primary goal of the present study was to examine the moderating effects of coping strategies, cultural identity, and bicultural self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms of Korean Canadian college students. Data were collected from 214 Korean Canadian college students studying in Canada through an online and offline survey. A direct effect of perceived discrimination on depressive symptoms and the moderating effects of coping strategies on the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms were examined by using hierarchical regression analysis. And three-way interaction of perceived discrimination, coping strategies, and cultural identity, and perceived discrimination, coping strategies, and bicultural self-efficacy on depressive symptoms were examined. Results from a hierarchical regression indicated that perceived discrimination significantly predicted depressive symptoms and this finding is in line with previous studies. Second, reflective, suppressive, and reactive coping strategies did not moderate the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. Third, the three-way interaction effect of perceived discrimination, suppressive coping strategy, and heritage identity predicted the depressive symptoms. Low heritage identity, high level of perceived discrimination and the frequent use of suppressive coping strategy increased the level of depressive symptoms. Fourth, the three-way interaction effect of perceived discrimination, coping strategies, and bicultural self-efficacy did not predict the depressive symptoms. Limitations and applied implications of the results are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.241-271
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• 2012

This questionnaire study examined the processes linking bicultural identity to self-positivity derived from taking multiple perspectives that, in turn, affects marital well-being among marriage immigrant women. Data were drawn from 281 marriage immigrant women residing in large cities in Korea including Seoul metropolitan area. Results of covariance structural analyses supported most study hypotheses: As predicted, bicultural identity contributed to self-positivity composed of taking multiple perspectives, self-acceptance and self-regulation, and the self-positivity, in turn, promoted marital well-being, conceptualized as marital satisfaction and marital stability. Bicultural identity also showd a significant direct positive effect on marital well-being. In path analyses conducted with observed variables, Korean cultural identity and home cultural identity both had significant positive effects on multiple perspective taking, through which these identity variables were positively related to self-acceptance and self-regulation. While self-acceptance was, as expected, positively related to marital satisfaction, thus indirectly promoting marital stability, the positive effect of self-regulation on marital stability was not signifiant. Taking multiple perspectives was found to promote marital well-being through encouraging both self-acceptance and consensus with a spouse. The effect of Korean cultural identity on marital well-being was found to be completely mediated by self-acceptance and consensus with a spouse fostered by taking multiple perspectives. In contrast, the effect of home cultural identity on marital well-being was partly mediated by such paths, and home cultural identity also had a positive direct effect on marital satisfaction and a negative direct effect on marital stability, suggesting its effect on marital well-being is complicated. Yet total effects of both types of cultural identity on marital well-being turned out to be positive. These results suggest that bicultural identity, supposed to be a psychological strength among marriage immigrant women, may indeed function as psychological resources that promote positive attitude as well as marital well-being. Finally, implications for multicultural social work practice are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-184
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• 2015

This study is aimed at proposing and managing a program to foster married immigrant women who have bilingual-bicultural abilities. Four stages of research processes were followed. Firstly, bilingual teacher training was contemplated field experience and preceding research. Secondly, specialist groups reviewed and verified considerations of content validity. Thirdly, seventeen valid participants were selected and they worked on programs of ten sessions. Fourthly, the effectiveness of the program was verified through a survey of satisfaction. This study has its significance as a program that reflects the theory and reality to establish their identity reinforce the capability and arouse the multi-cultural consciousness.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.180-194
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• 2016

The local identity of a female marriage migrant is not fixed to certain boundary or location, but rather comprised flexibly according to geographical movement or new settlement to different place. This research focuses on the local identity and life change of female marriage migrants that are constituted/reconstituted according to spatial transition, or migration. The analysis was conducted to find out traits of changes in the periods of migration and settlement based on the following categorization: multiculturalism and bicultural identity, assimilation and host country identity, exclusion and origin country identity, marginalization and marginal identity. The results are as follows; while having identical experience in terms of a migration, the local identities of marriage migrant women differed according to individual/regional characteristics as well as their respective roles within those traits. In addition, most of females showed passivity in maintaining and exposing their cultural identities of original states. Moreover the life satisfaction change of female marriage migrant that is type of assililation and host country identity is appeared more than others. through this assimilation and accommodation mean adaptation to female marriage migrant lived in Korea. However the intercultural competences of both marriage migrant woman and children in multicultural families facilitate the connection among different cultures. Based on these outcomes, with the transition to multicultural society and space, this research proposes the necessity of fostering global citizenship for mutual recognition of each culture, thus enabling coexistence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.63-78
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• 2015

This study explored culture adaptive attitudes and traditional dress donning practices among Japanese women who immigrated to Korea after marrying Korean men. Quantitative research was conducted on Korean-Japanese multicultural families. Participants were 233 married women who emigrated from Japan to Korea currently living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The data was analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test and correlation analysis. The findings were as follows: First, a positive relationship was found between Hanbok acceptance attitudes(HAA) and Kimono transmission attitudes(KTA). Both HAA and KTA had a positive relationship with ethnic identity. 43.3% of the respondents thought that they belonged both to Korean and Japanese ethnicity, 30.5% to Korean ethnicity, and 26.2% to Japanese ethnicity. Similar tendency (64.8% to bicultural identity, 31.3% to Korean, and 3.9% to Japanese) was found in the ethnic orientation towards their children. Both HAA and KTA had no difference in accordance with nationality, education and income level. Second, 70.4% of women had no experience of wearing Hanbok, and 90.1% had no experience of wearing Kimono. The women mostly wore Hanbok and Kimono for social events and family weddings.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.237-261
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• 2016

This study analyzed readers' responses of children of families with immigration background on children's literature that describes similar life experiences with the readers, based on Brooks & Browne's Culturally Situated Reader Response Theory. Six children between 10 and 16 met the researcher three times each, and read along four different texts about multiculturalism in Korea. The texts include On the Road Together, a picture book, and three short stories in The Black Egg. Participating children showed various ethnic identities - identity as a Korean; identity as a foreigner; identity between a Korean and a foreigner; identity as a child of a multicultural (bicultural) family. The children empathized with the characters or showed their frustrations against racism portrayed in the texts. The four texts used in this study worked as a mirror that reflects each child's own self, and further allowed the children to contemplate their own identities and speak out about their deepest thoughts and feelings. The children were dissatisfied with the main characters' powerlessness and depressing endings of the stories. They wanted the characters with immigration background to be positive and bright, and expected stories about peaceful relationship between children of families with immigration background and children with non-immigration background.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.15-29
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore ethnic socialization enacted by Japanese marriage migrant women currently raising 7- to 18-year-old children in Korea. To accomplish this goal, we examined the following research questions: (1) What is the level of ethnic socialization enacted by Japanese marriage migrant mothers? (2) Does the level of ethnic socialization vary by demographic and ethnocultural factors? (3) To what extent do demographic and ethnocultural factors influence the enactment of ethnic socialization by Japanese marriage migrant mothers? The sample consisted of 243 Japanese marriage migrant women currently raising 7- to 18-year-old children in Korea. For data analysis, T-test, correlation, ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analyses were used. Also, we performed separate analyses for two subtypes of ethnic socialization in particular, namely cultural socialization and preparation for bias. Ethnocultural factors examined in this study were the level of discrimination experience, Japanese ethnic identity, and husbands' ethnic orientation in childrearing. The main results of this study were as follows. First, results showed that Japanese marriage migrant women enacted moderate levels of cultural socialization and preparation for bias. Second, Japanese marriage migrant women's cultural socialization and preparation for bias were both positively related to the levels of women's discrimination experience and Japanese ethnic identity. Also, the younger the age of the firstborn child, the more preparation for bias these women performed. In addition, women whose Korean husbands wanted to raise their children more biculturally performed more cultural socialization compared to those with Korean husbands who wanted to raise their children as Korean. Third, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that women's discrimination experience and ethnic identity positively predicted both types of ethnic socialization. Also, Korean husband's bicultural orientation towards childrearing predicted a higher level of cultural socialization by Japanese marriage migrant women. Results of this study provide basic information about ethnic socialization among multicultural families in Korea, which can be useful for promoting positive self-identity among multicultural children. Furthermore, the results suggest that husbands' support and cooperation in ethnic socialization can be crucial for marriage migrant women to socialize their children utilizing their cultural and experiential resources.