• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1991.11a
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• pp.311-315
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• 1991

The formation and transition of 2212 and 2223 phase have been studied in BPSCCO system. The 2212 phase formed in early sintering state reacts on $Ca_2PbO_4,\;Ca_2CuO_3$ and CuO during sintering process and thus produces the 2223 phase. A long sintering period is need to fabricate the superconductor with large volume fraction of 2223 phase. Also, the thin plate-like grains composed of Bi, Sr, Ca and Cu contribute to 2223 phase formation. Though the sample has lower volume fraction of 2223 phase, the critical temperature is measured highly in case of the grain grown to plate-like shape. In this work, the critical temperature of the sample sintered for 264 hr in air was measured 108 K. Microstructure of the sample was varied with condition of heat treatment after sintering process and the sample annealed with $500^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr showed excellent charateristics of 2223 phase formation.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.9
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• pp.280-290
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• 1999

The microstructures of a Tl$_{0.8}Pb_{0.2}Bi_{0.2}Sr_{1.6}Ca_2Cu_3O_{9+{\delta}}$/Ag tape (tape I ) with J$_c$ of 17,600 A/cm$^2$ at 77 K and 0 T and three Tl$_{0.8}Pb_{0.2}Bi_{0.2}Sr_{1.8}Ba_{0.2}Ca_{2.2}Cu_3O_{9+{\delta}}$/Ag tapes with J$_c$'s of 9,300 (tape II), 16,700 (tape III) and 25,200 A/cm$^2$ (tape IV)prepared using the powder-in-tube method and an in-situ reaction method, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and compared each other. ln the tape preparation, an intermediate rolling process was incorporated during final heat-treatment for the last tape, but not for the rest of the tapes. The microstructural analysis revealed clear differences in grain-texturing, crystallographic defects and impurity phases, depending on the chemical composition of the tape. Tendency of directional grain-alignment increased in an order of tapes I, II III and IV. In tape IV, T1-1223 grains are textured, at least in local regions. In crystallographic defects, while stacking faults were prevalent in the former composition, dislocations and voids were frequently observed in the latter. Also impurity phases were appeared to be more abundant in the former than in the latter. The relationship between 1,and the microstructure in the tapes was attempted to explain in a term of grain-linking.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.265-272
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• 2008

In this paper, AC losses of long wire Bi-2223 tapes with different twist pitch of superconducting core were fabricated, measured and analyzed. These samples produced by a powder-in-tube method are multi-filamentary tape with Ag matrix. Also, it's produced by non-twist. The critical current measurement was carried out under the environment in Liquid nitrogen and in zero field by 4-prob method. And the Magnetic measurement was carried out under the environment of applied time-varying transport current by transport method. From experiment, the susceptibility measurements were conducted while cooling in a magnetic field. Flux loss measurements were conducted as a function of ramping rate, frequency and field direction. The AC flux loss increases as the twist-pitch of the tapes decreased, in agreement with the Norris Equation. Neutron-diffraction measurements have been carried out investigate the crystal structure, magnetic structures, and magnetic phase transitions in Bi-2223([Bi, Pb]:Sr:Ca:Cu:O).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.958-964
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• 1994

To study on the superconducting properties with cooling conditions, silver-sheathed Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O wires fabricated by the powder-in-tube method. The wires cooled down in the furnace, air and liquid NS12T after sintering at 840$^{\circ}C$ Critical current density of sample cooled in the furnace is 5.1${\times}$10S03TA/cmS02T and sample cooled in the air is 40A/cmS02T at 77K, zero magnetic field. The latter is very low critical current density of Bi system. 2223 high-Tc superconducting phase of sample cooled in the air was distroyed. Properties of sample cooled down in the liquid nitrogen is the same as cooled in the furnace.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11d
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• pp.924-925
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• 1999

Bi-system high-$T_c$ superconductors with the nominal composition $(Bi_{0.7}Pb_{0.3})_2-Sr_{2}Ca_{2}Cu_{3}O_{x}$ have been prepared by PJL method. The critical temperature (offset temperature) of the sample annealed for 13 hours in air was 102K. And the results of X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra analyses, it was found that PJL method is so effective to reduce the heat treatment period.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.3C no.6
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• pp.211-215
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• 2003

Alternating current (AC) losses of two Bi-2223 ([Bi, Pb] : Sr : Ca : Cu :O = 2:2:2:3) tapes [one untwisted (Tape I, twist-pitch of $\infty$ mm) and the other with a twist-pitch of 8mm (Tape II) ] were measured and compared. These samples, produced by the powder-in-tube (PIT) method, are multi-filamentary and have a Ag/Au and Ag matrix, respectively. Susceptibility measurements were conducted while cooling in a magnetic field. Flux loss measurements were conducted as a function of ramping rate, frequency and field direction. The AC flux loss increases as the twist-pitch of the tapes decreased, in agreement with the Norris Equation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 1989

In conclusion, a high-Tc superconducting YBa sub(2) Cu sub(3) O sub(y) phase with zero resistance at about 90K was successfully prepared by nitrate solution method with densed micro structure. The result of the EDAX analysis on the isolated particles using the microscopic meissner effect showed that the particles were isolated at higher temperature due to the differences in O vacances rather than the differences in chemical compositions. The composition of the isolated particles were almost identical to the starting compositions on the samples prepared by the solid reaction and nitrate solution method but the Ba-rich composition were seen in the coprecipitated sample. The isolation process on Bi system was not successful due to the weak dimagnetism even though its high Tc above the liquid nitrogen temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.58-63
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• 1992

Effects of the second sintering process on the superconducting characteristics of the (Bi, Pb)SrCaCuO system have been studied. It was found that the optimal calcining temperature of mixed powder may be proper to 820$^{\circ}C$ and the optimal sintering temperture was determined on 845$^{\circ}C$. The 2212 phases transitioned the 2223 phasses during the sintring process and zero resistance was attained at 108 K for the samples sintered for 264 hr. The 2223 phases changed into the 2212 phases and nonsuperconducting phases by the second grinding process. And the 2223 phases did not recover easily by the second sintering process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.199-202
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• 2004

Suspension effect has been studied by using superconductor of BiPbSrCaCuO ceramics containing $Ag_2O$. It has been c1eared that $Ag_2O$ acts as pinning center which plays an important role to the suspension effect. Magnetic repulsive force which affects a superconductor located in magnetic flux from toroidal magnet has been investigated. It has been concluded that the suspension effect arises from the interaction between the pinning effect and the diamagnetic effect.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.203-204
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• 2004

Suspension effect has been studied by using superconductor of BiPbSrCaCuO ceramics containing $Ag_2O$. It has been cleared that $Ag_2O$ acts as pinning center which plays an important role to the suspension effect. Magnetic repulsive force which affects a superconductor located in magnetic flux from toroidal magnet has been investigated. It has been concluded that the suspension effect arises from the interaction between the pinning effect and the diamagnetic effect.