• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2011

Recently, the construction of U-City or of U-City service (U-service) in many kinds of urban development projects becomes the general trend. However, as the construction of U-city comes into the spotlight like the trend of the times, various service constructions are being indiscreetly implemented since it's processed focusing on local specialized projects or local landmark project by a local autonomous entity or an institute in charge being off the original purpose of the improvement of living quality of residents and the efficiency of urban management, which causes a number of problems on the process, maintenance, operation and management of those projects. Therefore, this study is to derive the standard pattern of U-service construction through the analysis of patterns and numbers of U-service and problems during the process of construction in domestic U-City construction case district, and is aimed to suggest the reasonable direction of service construction based on this. 11 projects areas in which data related to U-service are available among U-City construction project areas were selected for the subjects of this study, and it's standardized with 228 detailed unit services that were suggested by U-Eco City R&D and with 11 service domains that are regulated in "the Act of ubiquitous city construction etc.", and it is limited to services that were suggested in U-City case area of which design was completed by July, 2010 based on this. The actual state of various U-service construction is analyzed through case studies as well as reviews on the legal and theoretical concept and the method of pattern classification of U-service, the plan for the standardization (pattern classification) of U-service and the plan for the construction body of service and to share the costs are suggested as the plan to construct reasonable U-service based on this for the method and the procedure of this study For the method to construct U-service, the plan to classify the pattern of U-service into the basic service and additional service is suggested, and whether it has the publicity, whether urban infrastructure is included, whether utilities are included, the body of realization, the recipients, the urgency, the importance and the spreading, etc. are suggested for the index to determine the pattern of service. The method to get the executor of a project to construct the basic service, the method to get the executor of a project to construct the most basic service among the group classification of service and to get a private entity and a local autonomous entity to perform additional service in the future, and the method to construct the whole service and to distribute the construction costs were suggested, and the first one that determines the body of construction after dividing U-service into the basic service and the additional service was evaluated to be the most reasonable one. And the plan to solve the problem that the excessive construction costs of U-service are shifted onto the executor of a project through benefit principle, balanced distribution principle and consultation and mediation between the interested parties was suggested for the criteria to share the costs.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.31-40
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• 2015

The public housing needs maintenance administration for improvement and retainment of residential condition by means of tenants participation. However, most researchers have considered tenants as passive participants in this context. The previous studies did not comprehend perspective of tenants participation and just measured the management preference and the level of satisfaction on maintenance. This study investigates the attitudes and perceptions of tenants on participation in public housing maintenance by introduced Q method that provides a systematic and rigorous quantitative means for examining human subjectivity. The subjectivity is classified as types according to cost and benefit factors by principal components analysis and varimax rotation of the extracted factors. As a result, this study present 5 types of tenants participation and expect to discuss desirable roles of tenant and org anization in public housing maintenance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.107-116
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• 2002

Crash Cushion is a kind of safety facilities on roadside which acts the role of absorbing impact energy when vehicles are driven out of normal route such as Gore area of freeway off ramp. Criteria for severity index considering accident occurrence possibility are needed to have strong effect on installing the facilities. However, present criteria for establishing crash cushion design do not include such processes. Therefore, the paper presents two kinds of study to develop criteria for severity index. First of all, development of accident forecasting model on freeway off ramp is presented. The module is a relationship between accidents and road environment by negative binomial distribution (NB) which is called to reflect very well quality of accidents at Gore of crash cushion installed freeway Secondly, freeway exiting behavior model is developed because the human factor is the most important one. However, many literatures have shown between road environment and accidents which are more quantitative than human factor. The study supposed advanced process steps on actual freeway and analysed correlation between variables and accidents. The criteria for severity index is presented to determine whether to install or not by benefit cost analysis for each module. The standard for severity index will help to determine whether to install the crash cushion or not and to estimate severity for freeway and off ramp.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2014

This study was performed to acquire the information on the foodborne pathogen risk management programs in a couple of developed countries by the expert meeting and searching the information on the web. The backgrounds, strategies and effects related to microbial hazards of the foodborne pathogen reduction programs in fresh produce (US), Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef (US), Salmonella in chicken, pork and eggs (Denmark), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood (Japan) were investigated for case study. A comparison among the pathogen reduction programs was conducted to find advantages and disadvantages and implications of the policies to bring out implications of the programs. A model for foodborne pathogen reduction program was developed based on both the CODEX risk management scheme and the case studies as follows; 1) preliminary risk management activities, 2) planing a foodborne pathogen reduction program, 3) option identification and selection, 4) implementation (conducting the each stake-holders role and applying the intervention methods), 5) monitoring activities, 6) interim review, 7) continuation or amendment of implementation method by the interim review before achieving the goal, and 8) final review and additional cost-benefit analysis if necessary. This proposed model according to the role of the stake-holders can be used to conduct microbial risk management programs in Korea in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.37
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• pp.5-33
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• 2008

This study examines the use of medical care by the poor through analysing KNHANES III databases, and the focus of the study is on under-satisfaction of medical needs and the impact of the medicare system. The results of analysis are summerized as follows; the poor had generally suffered from poor health condition, and did not have economic resoure to satisfy the medical needs. But, the beneficiaries of the medicare used much more medical care than non-poor. The result of logistic regression suggest that the medicare affected significantly on increase of uses. Consquently, the medicare system effectively made up the lack of economic resoure of the poor. However, the Medicare did not sufficient to satisfy all the medical needs of the poor. Over 20% of the poor had experinced the abandonment of meical care uses, "the lack of econmic resource" was most important reason. The result of logistic regression suggest that all the poor such as Medicare I and Medicare II beneficiaries, and near-poor class had much more probabilities of giving up the use of medical care than non-poor. It is necessary to raise up the benefit level of the current medicare system such as the reduction of non-secured medical cost, the alleviation of user's burden etc.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1049-1060
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• 2021

Objective: This study assessed the effect of different levels of xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase on intestinal enzyme activities and tibia bone development in broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Methods: Twelve experimental diets were formulated using a 3×2×2 factorial design (three doses of phytase and two doses of both xylanase and β-glucanase) and offered to 648 day-old Ross 308 male chicks having 6 replicates groups with 9 birds per replicate and lasted for 35 days. Results: An interaction between the enzymes products improved (p<0.01) the activity of chymotrypsin. Protein content at d 10 was highest (p<0.001) with addition of phytase while general proteolytic activity (GPA) (p<0.02) and lipase activity (p<0.001) were decreased. At d 24, there were improvements in protein content (p<0.01) and lipase (p<0.04) with supplementation of superdose phytase. Addition of superdose phytase decreased in chymotrypsin (p<0.02), trypsin (p<0.01) and GPA (p<0.001). The optimum dose of xylanase decreased the chymotrypsin activity (p = 0.05), while the GPA (p<0.001) was increased with the optimum level of β-glucanase. Superdose phytase supplementation at d 10 improved maltase (p = 0.05), sucrase (p<0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001) activities in the jejunum while aminopeptidase activity was highest (p<0.005) with the low level of phytase. Protein content of jejunum mucosa was bigger (p<0.001) in birds fed superdose phytase while maltase activity (p<0.001) at d 24 was reduced by this treatment. Sucrase (p<0.04) and aminopeptidase activities (p<0.001) improved when diets supplemented with low levels of phytase. Tibia bone breaking strength was highest (p<0.04) with addition of low level of superdose phytase or optimum level of β-glucanase. Bone dry matter content decreased (p<0.04) when diets supplemented with phytase. Conclusion: From the results obtained in this study, supplementation of superdose phytase was the most effective, however, the cost-benefit analysis of the use of such a dose needs to be evaluated.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.451-463
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• 2016

We explore the impact of Chinese future air pollutant emissions on ozone air quality in Northeast Asia (NEA) and health in South-Korea using an assessment framework including ICAMS (The Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System) and BenMAP (The Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program). The emissions data sets from the climate change scenarios, the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (emission scenarios, EMSO), are used to simulate ozone air quality in NEA in the current (1996~2005, 2000s), the near future (2016~2025, 2020s) and the distant future (2046~2055, 2050s). Furthermore, the simulated ozone changes in the 2050s are used to analyze ozone-related premature mortality and economic cost in South-Korea. While different EMSOs are applied to the China region, fixed EMSO are used for other country regions to isolate the impacts of the Chinese emissions. Predicted ozone changes in NEA are distinctively affected by large changes in NOx emission over most of China region. Comparing the 2020s with the 2000s situation, the largest increase in mean ozone concentrations in NEA is simulated under RCP 8.5 and similarly small increases are under other RCPs. In the 2050s in NEA, the largest increase in mean ozone concentrations is simulated under RCP 6.0 and leads to the occurrence of the highest premature mortalities and economic costs in South-Korea. Whereas, the largest decrease is simulated under RCP 4.5 leads to the highest avoided premature mortality numbers and economic costs. Our results suggest that continuous reduction of NOx emissions across the China region under an assertive climate change mitigation scenario like RCP 4.5 leads to improved future ozone air quality and health benefits in the NEA countries including South-Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2019

The shipbuilding and offshore plant industry of Korea is important and leads Korea's economic growth, designated as the 1st to 4th export items in Korea in terms of export contribution over the period from 2011 to 2015. This study proposes ways to improve the national competitiveness of Korean shipyards in the global offshore drilling market by reviewing a business model for providing an integrated offshore drilling commissioning service in Korea. This commissioning service model, which was attempted in 2014, was reviewed, and a new proposed business model for overcoming the limitations of the previous model and activating further business was evaluated. As a result of an economic evaluation, it was found that a 150-meter water depth model is economically more effective. As the number of integrated commissions increased from 2 to 5 times per year, NPV, IRR and B/C ratios increased and the fee per use decreased. Therefore, for offshore drilling facilities constructed and delivered in Korea, it will be necessary to encourage integrated offshore commissioning.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3B
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• pp.271-281
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• 2008

To determine the flood protection elevation (FPE) in urban built-up areas, this study examines four possible methods: using the highest flood elevation in the past, extending base flood elevations of nearby watercourse to inland, and two simulation methods of inland flood under the same rainfall used in the watercourse planning nearby. According to the case study of the Jang-An Drainage Area, Seoul, the highest flood elevation in the past and simulation results of inland flood under the same rainfall in the watercourse planning nearby tend to get similar results, while extending base flood elevations of nearby watercourse to inland shows much higher elevations than other results. Meanwhile, cost-benefit analysis, when regulating residential/commercial uses below the FPE by each of four methods, suggest that planners need to consider carefully the economic feasibility of FPE used to choose appropriate methods.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.719-746
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• 2014

This study attempts to estimate the value of the water quality improvement by deriving the equilibrium price of the water pollutant emission permit for the imaginary water pollutant emission trading market. It is reasonable to say that there is already an implicit social agreement for the unit value of water pollutant, when the government set the Total Water Pollutant Loading System for the major river basin as a part of the Comprehensive Measures for Water Management, particularly for the Nakdong River Basin. Therefore, we can derive the unit value of water pollutant emission, which is already implied in the pollution allowance for each city or county by the Total Water Pollutant Loading System. Once estimated, it will be useful to the economic assessment of the water quality related projects. An imaginary water pollutant emission trading system for the Nakdong River Basin, where Total Water Pollutant Loading System is already effective, is constructed for the estimation of the equilibrium price of water pollutant permit. By estimating marginal abatement cost curve or each city or county, we can compute the equilibrium price of the permit and then it is regarded as the economic value of the water pollutant. The marginal net benefit function results from the relationship between the emission and the benefit, and then the equilibrium price of permit comes from constructing the excess demand function of the permit by using the total allowable permit of the local government entity. The equilibrium price of the permit would be estimated to be $1,409.3won/kg{\cdot}BOD$. This is within reasonable boundary compared for the permit price compared to foreign example. This permit price would be applied to calculate for the economic value of the water quality pollutants, and also be expected to use directly for the B/C analysis of the business involved with water quality change.