• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

Autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) is the neuromuscular junction disorder mostly caused by antibody against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR antibody) at the muscle endplate. The goal of treatment is to induce and maintain remission, i.e., absence of symptoms, with the least cost-to-benefit ratio. Although corticosteroids are effective in inducing remission in most patients, they have numerous potentially serious adverse effects with their long-term use. In addition, some patients do not respond or are intolerant to the conventional treatment. In this article, we discuss the difficulties encountered in long-term immunosuppressive treatment of MG, and review useful tips for the use of corticosteroids. Long-term immunosuppressive agents that can be used in steroid-refractory or -dependent patients will be reviewed with their safety profiles and efficacy in MG.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

This study is aimed to analyze fishermen's perception and the economic feasibility of inland waters ranching project on the branches of Geum River. Analysis of fishermen's perception on the branches of Geum River showed that fishermen had an affirmative response on the inland freshwater ranching project related issues such as fisheries resources enhancement, necessity of project, economic achievement as so on. The model of inland waters ranching project on the branches of Geum River is designed to fisheries resources enhancement, habitat compositiom, ecology tours, use and management of resources. The results of the economic feasibility of inland waters ranching project on the branches of Geum River were internal rate of return (IRR) was 18.43%, a benefit-cost ratio was shown to be 1.54, net present value (NPV) was 4,929 thousand won, which indicates the economic feasibility of inland waters ranching project.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8993-9004
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• 2014

Background: The incidence rate and the treatment costs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are high, especially in Thailand. Previous studies indicated that early detection by a surveillance program could help by down-staging. This study aimed to compare the costs and health outcomes associated with the introduction of a HCC surveillance program with no program and to estimate the budget impact if the HCC surveillance program were implemented. Materials and Methods: A cost utility analysis using a decision tree and Markov models was used to compare costs and outcomes during the lifetime period based on a societal perspective between alternative HCC surveillance strategies with no program. Costs included direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs. Health outcomes were measured as life years (LYs), and quality adjusted life years (QALYs). The results were presented in terms of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in Thai THB per QALY gained. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were applied to investigate parameter uncertainties. Budget impact analysis (BIA) was performed based on the governmental perspective. Results: Semi-annual ultrasonography (US) and semi-annual ultrasonography plus alpha-fetoprotein (US plus AFP) as the first screening for HCC surveillance would be cost-effective options at the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of 160,000 THB per QALY gained compared with no surveillance program (ICER=118,796 and ICER=123,451 THB/QALY), respectively. The semi-annual US plus AFP yielded more net monetary benefit, but caused a substantially higher budget (237 to 502 million THB) than semi-annual US (81 to 201 million THB) during the next ten fiscal years. Conclusions: Our results suggested that a semi-annual US program should be used as the first screening for HCC surveillance and included in the benefit package of Thai health insurance schemes for both chronic hepatitis B males and females aged between 40-50 years. In addition, policy makers considered the program could be feasible, but additional evidence is needed to support the whole prevention system before the implementation of a strategic plan.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Feed conversion efficiency contributes directly or indirectly on the cost benefit ratio of silkworm rearing and is considered to be an important physiological criterion for evaluating the superiority of silkworm breeds/hybrids. Food intake, assimilation and conversion of indigenous as well as exotic silkworm races are well studied by many researchers. In this review, an attempt has been made to consolidate works on feed conversion aspects of indigenous and exotic silkworm races. The paper also deals with the effect of various factors viz., nutritional, environmental and feeding on food assimilation and conversion parameters of mulberry silkworm.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1998

Single phase, narrow beam X-ray attenuation data were obtained using various construction materials concrete, white block, red block, 3 hole block, gypsum board, artificial marble, cement, plate glass, wood, and lead. Tube voltages of 60, 80, 100, 120 kVp were employed and the resulting curves were compared to transmission data found in this report. The shielding methodology and the derivation of equations used for determination of barrier requirements were presented in NCRP 49. We could calculate the X-ray exposed dose after attenuation and thickness of protection barrier in the clinic facilities accordingly. For the purpose of maximizing the benefit/cost ratio to diagnostic shielding, various construction materials must be installed carefully and attnuation rate considered thoroughly.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.455-467
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• 2015

This study analyzed the regional economic feasibility of greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction technology in paddy rice. Firstly, the impact of GHGs reduction technology on productivity, emission reduction, and costs is different from region to region. Secondly, the water irrigation system contributes to productivity, GHGs reduction, and water reduction, but the profit of paddy rice will decrease because of increase in fixed costs and variable costs. Thirdly, the economic feasibility shows that water-savings plot has a 1.41 in a benefit-cost ratio.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2015

Until recently, thermal power plants have used high-rank coals to generate electricity. The switched to low-rank coals, primarily because of the rising coal price and the advancement of combustion technology. Therefore the thermal power plants need more fuels aspect of quantity and they are going to build extra infrastructure to deal with the increased fuel demand in their specialized ports. This paper introduces the process of the economic analysis as a case study for Hadong T/P(Thermal Power) Port. This study also evaluates investment for mew projects in ports. We analyze the costs and benefits of the port investment project using various information. And then we conduct the economic analysis using NPV(net present value), B/C ratio and IRR grounded in a financial theory. Out result of the economic feasibility shows that the new project of constructing a third berth in Hadong T/P Port has positive economic value. Additionally, this study conducts the sensitivity analysis of the major variables like cost, benefit and discount rate.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1781-1791
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• 2016

This study aimed to analyze the economic effectiveness on environment improvement project that has been implemented in five fishing grounds of Taean-gun which had been damaged by the Hebei Spirit oil spill accident. In the analysis, first, this study performed the survey on residents perceptions about the environment improvement project. Second, the cost-benefit analysis was carried out to evaluate the economic effectiveness of the project. The survey results of residents perceptions indicated that the damage of oil spill was considerable in the target areas. It also showed that residents wanted to continue the environment improvement project and the levels of project satisfaction were quitely high. The economic results showed that 3 areas(Woong-do, Wang-san, and Dang-mi) would have positive values of NPV and B/C ratio, but the other(Nu-dong) would have negative values. The findings of this analysis could be used as the base data for increasing operational efficiency of future environment improvement projects.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find the determinant variables to make profitability in regional public hospitals. The data come from financial statements and annual reports of 34 regional public hospitals for five years (from year 2003 to year 2007). The T or F-test and hierarchical multiple regression analysis are used. The dependant variables are the profitability indicators, ordinary income to total asset and operating margin to gross revenue, and the independent variables are general characteristics, diagnosis and treatment patterns, financial and public benefits. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, Variables affecting the profitability indexes revealed from DEA results is the bed occupancy rate, number of hospitalized patients to outpatients, ratio of first medical examination for outpatients, number of daily patients per medical specialist, labor cost per patient and managerial expenses per patient. Second, the ordinary income to total asset representing the asset usage performance is affected by the average hospitalized days, bed occupancy rate, labor cost per patient and ratio of patients with medical insurance coverage. Third, the operating martin to gross revenue obtained from the actual operations of hospitals has its significance with the bed occupancy rate, number of hospitalized patients to outpatients, managerial expenses per patient and public benefit indicator. This study has some restriction not to use pannel data analysis, although it used data for five years. Accordingly, various additional studies should be done to supplement such problems.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.121-137
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the economic evaluation of the newly developed fish meal analog (BAIFA-M) in Korean rockfish feed. A raw fish feed (MP) and two commercially formulated diets (EP) were employed to compare weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) from the sea cage culture system. By using the economic model in the practical sea cage culture system, feed cost, production cost and gross profit per kg production, rate of profit to gross revenue (RPGR), and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated based upon the results of the experiment and the information of the private aquaculture farm (Young Chang) in Tong young, Korean. IRR criteria is one of the popular economic feasibility analysis methods applicable far aquaculture industry. This is an economic evaluation method to compare the given interest rate or the discount rate with IRR which can be calculated by the difference between the present value of the benefit stream and of the cost stream. The benefits of using EP on WG, FCR, SR, and production cost will be emphasized in this study. Fish averaging 20$\pm$3.6g (Mean$\pm$SD) were randomly distributed in each small cage (6m$\times$6m) as groups of 2,000 fish. By using 3 large size cages (12m$\times$12m), 12 small cages were constructed, and only 9 small cages were employed for three replicates of each diet treatment. To compare with MP diet, two sinking EP diets were designed by our laboratory and produced by the local feed company who wanted to promote these EP diets for the mass cage culture of Korean rockfish in the future. Two EP diets contain white fish meal and/or BAIFA-M as the main animal protein sources : WFM diet, maximum 43% of white fish meal : BAIEA- M diet, 30% of white fish meal nab replaced by BAIFA- M from WFM diet. Results are summarized in Table 1. Fish fed MP diet showed significantly lower SR than does fish fed two EP diets(P<0.05). However, there Were no significant difference on FCR among fish fed three practical diets. Table 1. Average feed conversion ratio (FCR), accumulative average survival rate (SR) and economic evaluation data far three practical diets. As we expected, BAIFA-M diet is more economical than WFM diet as well as MP diet. Feed cost and production cost per kg production from BAIEA - M diet were lower than those from WFM and MP diets. Moreover, gross profit per Kg production, RPGR and IRR from BAIFA- M diet were higher than those from WFM and MP diets. This economic evaluation study clearly indicated that MP diet should be replaced by the commerical formulated EP diets as soon as possible in the near future because MP diet is not economical in the practical sea cage culture system.