• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.320-323
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• 2008

In this study, a macroscopic approach was carried out to gain insight into the bending mechanism of metallic sandwich plates. Shear force-punch stroke curves for various clearances were analytically derived for mild steel (CSP 1N) sandwich plates with the total thickness of 3 mm and 0.5 mm face sheets. As the clearance increases, shear force of the inner structures and sensitivity of punch stroke decrease. These data are useful to derive a criterion of judgment for core shear failure and de-bonding failure during U-bending.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.669-673
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• 2008

ITO thin film was deposited on PC substrate in Facing Targets Sputtering (FTS) system with various sputtering conditions. After it is applied to external bending force, we investigated how change the surface and electrical property of as-deposited ITO thin film. As the L(face-plate distance) of substrate decreases, it found that the maximum crack density is increasing at the center position and decreasing crack density as goes to the edge. So to apply same curvature (r) and bending force to PC substrate with ITO thin film, we fixed the L that is equal to curvature radius (2r). Before bending test, ITO thin films that deposited in the input current of 0.4 A and thickness of 200 nm already had biaxial tensile failure because of each different CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) and Others had been shown no bending or crack. After bending test, all samples had been shown cracks at about 200 times and as increasing the crack density, resistivity increased.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.34-40
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• 2003

This paper presents the inertial force problem of ultrahigh-speed injection molding machine using linear motors, and presents its solutions. To make very thin products by injection molding, very high injection speed is required, and linear motors are used for this purpose. However, direct drive by linear motors may cause brief nozzle separation from the sprue bushing because of the inertia force which is as large as the total output thrust of the linear motors, and this momentary separation can cause molten plastic to leak. In this paper, two solutions are proposed for this inertia force problem. One is the mechanical cancellation of the inertia force, and the other is to increase the nozzle contact force. With the latter solution, the stationary platen bending worsens, so a new nozzle contact mechanism is also proposed, which can prevent the stationary platen bending.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.780-785
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• 2001

A method for accurate measurement of the contact force in the current collection system of the high-speed railway is developed. In order to measure the contact force with minimal modifications to the pantograph, strain gauges are attached to the bottom of the contact strip. An algorithm for deriving the magnitude and stagger of the contact force from the bending strain measurements is devised. For the sample pantograph, the static contact forces are measured to within ${\pm}$5 % error for the magnitude and ${\pm}$ 2cm error for the stagger. For dynamic contact force measurement, it is found that the contact strip can the regarded as a rigid body for the contact frequency of less than 15 ㎐.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.171-177
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• 2002

This paper presents the inertial force problem of ultrahigh-speed injection molding machine using linear motors, and presents its solutions. To make very thin products by injection molding, very high injection speed is required, and linear motors are used for this purpose. But direct drive by linear motors may cause brief nozzle separation from the sprue bushing because of the inertia force as large as the total output thrust of the linear motors, and this momentary separation can cause molten plastic leakage. In this paper, two solutions are proposed for this inertia force problem. One is the mechanical cancellation of the inertia force, and the other to increase the nozzle contact force. With the latter solution, the stationary platen bending worsens, so a new nozzle contact mechanism is also proposed, which can prevent the stationary platen bending.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1011-1016
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• 2013

Patients have the paralysis of their wrists, and can't use of their wrists freely. But their wrists can be recovered by wrist-bending rehabilitation exercise. Professional rehabilitation therapeutists exercise the wrists of patients in hospital. But the wrists of patients have not exercised enough for the rehabilitation, because the therapeutists are much less than patients in number. Therefore, the wrist rehabilitation robot should be developed, and it have to measure the applied force to the patients' wrists for their safety. In this paper, the four-axis force/moment sensor was designed for the wrist rehabilitation robot. As a test results, the interference error of the four-axis force/moment sensor was less than 0.91%. It is thought that the sensor can be used to measure the applied force to the patients' wrists.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.113-124
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• 1998

Numerical study using nonlinear finite element analysis is done for investigating behavior of isolated reinforced concrete walls subject to combined in-plane and out-of-plane bending moments and axial force. A method for estimating the ultimate strength of wall is developed, based on the analytical results. For the nonlinear finite element analysis, a computer program addressing material and geometric nonlinearities is developed. An existing unified method combining plasticity theory and damage model is used for material model of reinforced concrete. By numerical studies, the internal force distribution in the cross section is idealized, and a new method for estimating the ultimate strength of wall is developed. According to the proposed method, variation of the interaction curve of in-plane bending moment and axial force depends on the range of the permissible axial force per unit length that is determined by the given amount of out-of-plane bending moment. As the out-of-plane bending moment increases, the interaction curve shrinks, which indicates a decrease in the ultimate strength. The proposed method is compared with an existing method using the general assumption that strain shall be directly proportional to the distance from the neutral axis. Compared with the proposed method, the existing method overestimates the ultimate strength for walls subject to low out-of-plane bending moments, and it underestimates the ultimate strength for walls subject to high out-of-plane bending moments.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.99-106
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• 2002

This paper presents an analytical investigation on the behavior of simple span integral abutment bridge. An integral abutment bridge is a simple span or multiple span continuous deck type bridge having the deck integral with the abutment wall. Although the temperature variation and earth pressure are the major attributor to the total stress in integral abutment bridge, the superstructure has been designed by modeling it as a simple or continuous beam In order to investigate the effect of temperature change and earth pressure on the superstructure of integral bridge, the simple span integral bridge is modeled as a plane frame element. Performing frame analysis, the variations of bending moment and axial force of superstructure due to the various loading combination are investigated with respect to the flexural rigidity of piles, and the bending moment and axial force obtained by frame analysis are compared with the maximum bending moment obtained by conventional design method and initial prestressing force respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.347-363
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• 2007

Assessment of structural behaviour of corrosion affected structures is an important issue, which would help in making certain decisions pertaining to the inspection, repair, strengthening, replacement and demolition of such structures. The paper presents formulations to predict the loss of weight and the loss of cross-sectional area of the reinforcing bar undergoing corrosion based on the earlier study carried out by the present authors (Bhargava et al. 2006). These formulations have further been used to analytically evaluate the ultimate bending moment and ultimate shear force capacity of the corroded concrete beams. Results of the present study indicate that, a considerably good agreement has been observed between the experimental and the analytically predicted values for the weight loss and reduction in radius of the corroded reinforcing bars. A considerably good agreement has also been observed between the experimental and the analytically predicted values of ultimate bending moment and ultimate shear force capacity for the corroded concrete beams.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Soft robotics has attracted a huge amount of interest in the recent decade or so, be it either actuators or sensors. Recently, a soft optical waveguide sensor has proven its effectiveness for various sensing applications such as strain, force, and bending measurements. The operation principle of the waveguide is simple, but the present technology is far too much complex to manufacture the waveguide. The waveguide fails to attract various practical applications in comparison to other types of sensors despite its superior safety and ease working principle. This study pursues to develop the soft sensors based on the optical phenomena so that the waveguide can be easily manufactured and its design can be conducted. Several physical properties of the waveguide are confirmed through the repetitive experiments in the aspects of strain, force, and bending of the waveguide. Finally, the waveguide sensor is embedded inside the actuator to verify the effectiveness of the proposed waveguide as well as to extend the application fields of the waveguide sensor.