• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.301-319
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• 2002

In a recent paper, I have proposed an analysis concerning propositions and 'that'-clauses as a solution to Kripke's puzzle and other similar puzzles, which I now call 'the Indefinite Description Analysis of Belief Ascription Sentences.' I have listed some of the major advantages of this analysis besides its merit as a solution to the puzzles: it is amenable to the direct-reference theory of proper names; it does not nevertheless need to introduce Russellian (singular) propositions or any other new entities. David Lewis has constructed an interesting argument to refute this analysis. His argument seems to show that my analysis has an unwelcome consequence: if someone believes any proposition, then he or she should, ipso facto, believe any necessary (mathematical or logical) proposition (such as the proposition that 1 succeeds 0). In this paper, I argue that Lewis's argument does not pose a real threat to my analysis. All his argument shows is that we should not accept the assumption called 'the equivalence thesis': if two sentences are equivalent, then they express the same proposition. I argue that this thesis is already in trouble for independent reasons. Especially, I argue that if we accept the equivalence thesis then, even without my analysis, we can derive a sentence like 'Fred believes that 1 succeeds 0 and snow is white' from a sentence like 'Fred believes that snow is white.' The consequence mentioned above is not worse than this consequence.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-85
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• 2013

The author, after introducing the concept of de re belief and discussing de re/de dicto ambiguity in belief context and modal context, concludes that modal sentences of Korean language does not show any distinctive traits against English. He, after discussing this ambiguity in negative sentence a la Russell, tries to show that Korean provides two way of negation construction, one of which corresponds to de re negation (primary occurrence in Russell's terms). De re reading makes referentially transparent context, thus permits substitutions of identicals salva veritate; De dicto reading does not. Korean ending 'rago', used with quotation verbs, speech act verbs and cognitive attitude verbs, deserves some attention in that it permits de re sentences in addition to de re/de dicto ambiguous sentences. 'Rago' also makes speaker's commitment to the content of the intensionally contained clause 'neutral', in contrast with other Korean endings such as 'um/im' and 'raneun gut' which make speaker's positive commitment. This explains why the maxim of western epistemology that knowledge presupposes truth does not hold in Korean 'rago' sentences.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.173-184
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• 2002

The question of Korean rhythmic type is still a controversial issue (syllable-timed; stress-timed; word-timed). As a step toward solving the question, an experiment was carried out to examine compression effects in Korean. There has been a general belief that the increase of the number of following or preceding syllables causes compression of a vowel (or syllable) in many languages, and a marked anticipatory compression effect can be especially indicative of stress timing. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to obtain some evidence to determine whether or not Korean is stress-timed. The durations of the target vowel/a/ of the monosyllabic word /pap/ were measured at both word and sentence level. In general, marked anticipatory and backward compression effects on the target vowel were observed across one-, two- and three-syllable words in citation form, whereas the effects were neither marked nor consistent at sentence level. These results led us to claim that Korean is not stress-timed.

• Language and Information
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• v.1
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• pp.137-179
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• 1997

This paper discusses several basic issues of the 'focus' phenomenon. One of them is the issue of the nature of focus, i.e., what constituent of the sentences gets focused. Another is the issue of to what aspect of meaning the focus contributes. The other is the issue of the functions of focus-sensitive operators. As for the first issue, it is observed that the basic function of focus is to mark all and only the new information of the sentence. But for the cases in which this principle is not observed, it is proposed that the focus in these cases in general plays a secondary function of triggering an additional emphatic scalar meaning. And yet, in these cases, the state of the matter is different between free focus and bound focus. It is also shown that contrary to the general belief that free focus contributes to the meaning semantically. Concerning focus-sensitive operators, we classify them into two groups, i.e., quantificational and scalar operators, and try to formalize their meaning in the framework of Pulman's(1997) 'higher order unification theory'.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-170
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to make a sentence systemic within the category of structural grammar for the modality in which a speaker expresses his attitude. It is the priority of a language to communicate meaning. By eliminating the theoretical description of traditional grammar, this paper also aims to illustrate the concepts of nine modal verbs through a systemic network. The concept of modality includes both the epistemic and the deontic characteristics of modality. Epistemic modality is associated with either knowledge or belief on the part of a speaker who gives his own judgments about the state of affairs, events, or actions. However, deontic modality is related to either the possibility or the necessity of acts that a speaker performs to give permission or fulfill an obligation. In conclusion, all the subsystems are described within the framework of the systemic network, with the intention of including all the potential options of the semantic functions available in a situation.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.341-368
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• 2016

Asserting a sentence of the form "p but I do not believe that p" sounds inappropriate, and even absurd or contradictory. The problem that Moore's paradox raises is to explain why asserting such a sentence is absurd despite the fact that there is apparently no logical contradiction in it. Many of the influential accounts of Moore's paradox try to locate its source in the nature of belief or in the nature of assertion. In this paper, I argue that these accounts are not satisfactory, and develop and defend a novel account. According to this account, the source of Moore's paradox should be located in self-reference. Self-reference is constituted by a certain disposition to form second-order beliefs. A subject who is ready to assert "p but I do not believe p" fails to conform to the disposition that is constitutive of self-reference, while at the same time referring to the relevant individual with "I."

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.198-209
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• 2011

In this study, pre-service science teachers' reflective thinking in their journal writing was investigated. To do this, the authors used pre-service science teachers' journal writing abilities, wherein they not only reported data and result formally, but also wrote their feelings and reflections about an inquiry-based physics experiment they performed. Pre-service science teachers' writings were decomposed into sentences and each sentence was analyzed into a framework with 4 dimensions: knowledge, procedure, orientation and attitude. Reflective thinking in knowledge dimension included reflection on what they know before the experiment, what they still do not know and what they learned from the experiment. Reflective thinking in procedure dimension included recalls of experiences about general experimental procedures and specific experimental skill. Reflective thinking in orientation dimension included their views about the nature of science and science teaching and learning, and reflective thinking in attitude dimension consisted of interests, motives and values about the experiment they performed. While there were some variations in frequency distribution of reflective thinking by the topic of experiments, pre-service science teachers' reflective thinking in journal writings revealed their metacognition on their knowledge and learning, epistemological belief about science and science learning, and affective domain related to experiment. This study can infer that such kind of writing with 'their own language' in an informal way followed by formal 'scientific' reports in a scientific experiment has a significance not only as a mediator representing reflective thinking but also as an instructional activity to facilitate reflective thinking in science learning and teaching.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.40
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• pp.163-192
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• 2020

Sinjungsin Mask Play, one of Ttangseolbeop, is related to Seongjusin's life story. Sinjungsin Mask Play is a reconstruction of the story of the folk gods Seongjusin met while returning home. Seongjusin's life story proceeds in the form of Mask Play, and the monk who leads the sermon plays narration and main roles. Many believers play various roles and musicians. Sinjungsin Mask Play introduces many folk beliefs, sounds for intrigue, and talks. Sinjungsin Mask Play uses the same method of enumeration and repetition as the existing Mask Play. The repetition of a sentence or phrase plays a role in foreseeing the meaning of the context or foretelling the development of the plot to the audience. This repetition is intended to emphasize the situation of the scene and to create rhythm. Since Mask Play was exclusively for the common people, Mask Play actors use the repeating method commonly used in folk songs to form lines. This gives the audience a familiarity, effectively communicating the lines and responding to their tastes. Sinjungsin Mask Play borrowed people's way of playing for the public's mission. It inherits the dramatic forms of traditional traditional plays such as repetition of words or sentences or phrases, codification of words or sentences, borrowing of existing songs, and formal expression units. In addition, through repeated performances, believers can easily and easily learn and understand. This is the dramatic form and characteristics of Sinjungsin Mask Play. Sinjungsin Mask Play was handed down from Faith Communities and was used as a means of folk cultivation to spread illegality. Buddhism externalizes the process of accepting folk beliefs through Mask Play, and in the case of Shinto who participated directly or indirectly, they naturally acquire the belief system of Hwaeom Kyung through play. Sinjungsin Mask Play, one of Ttangseolbeop, can be said to have great value as an ICH, as well as popularization and mission.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.30
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• pp.21-52
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• 2009

This study observed what roles and identity the Taoist Hermits have when they appear in Korean Verse, SiJo, which was preoccupied by the illustrious-officials in Choseon Dynasty. This study has found that languages of Taoist Hermit frequently appear in SiJo, through the historical study documents focusing on only the mountain wizards in terma of the genre, SiJo. Of those terms used by Taoist Hermit, most prominent was 'JeokSongJa', which was expressed as that sought by the illustrious-officials-they were using the sentence, 'I will follow JeokSongJa' to the extent that it is an idiom. This suggests that the illustrious officials in ChoSeon Dynasty meant if one was going to be entitled to become a Taoist Hermit, he should seek 'JeokSongJa' first. We can see those illustrious officials were using the words with a ideological tone, affected by then 'JangRyang' or 'BeomRyo' who were devoting themselves to finding 'JeokSongJa' with a belief that they could become a Taoist Hermit and live forever, which had been handed down as a legend or a myth. Meanwhile, Li Po is a profile who can not considered, separately in the history of Korean Literature. Li Po recited poems, as a great poet and a hard drinker, who were incited in SiJo of those illustrious officials as a intimate person. In contrast, among those who were accepted as a negative profile, were a Chinese Emperor JinSi and HanMuje. These two emperors, who were looking for a herb of eternal youth and Mt. BongRae, figures who had lost their positions in the real political circle. In addition, they couldn't make their dreams to get perennial youth and long life come true, which stimulated the illustrious officials of that time to recite those poems indicating there is no ideal Utopia so it's better be satisfied with the reality living up to the realistic idea of Confucianism. In this sense, those two emperors are negative. There are also women Taoist Hermits present in SiJo, including MaGo nymphs, SeoWangMo, MuSanShinNyo, and Hang-A. MaGo nymphs were grandmothers who superintend the longevity, often incited as a beautiful woman; SeoWangMo was a Toast Hermit who had an elixir of life; MuSanShinNyo is a beautiful woman who was representing the attachment of cloud friendship; and Hang-A is expressed as a goddess who betrayed her husband and as a result staying lonely in the moon palace. These women goddesses were characterized by their beautiful appearances, generous and delicate personalities. widely incited in romantic poems.