• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2009

Verification of programmable logic controller (PLC) programs written in IEC 61131-3 function block diagram (FBD) is essential in the transition from the use of traditional relay-based analog systems to PLC-based digital systems. This paper describes effective use of the well-known verification tool VIS for automatic verification of behavioral equivalences between successive FBD revisions. We formally defined FBD semantics as a state-transition system, developed semantic-preserving translation rules from FBD to Verilog programs, implemented a software tool to support the process, and conducted a case study on a subset of FBDs for APR-1400 reactor protection system design.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.268-272
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• 1997

This study was performed to estimate the clinical signs and biochemical para meters of indicator on acute hepatic injury induced by the administration of CCl$_{4}$ in rats. Minor behavioral changer brittleness of skin hair and decreased volume of water and food intake were observed in rats after 2 hours of $CCl_{4}$ administration compared to control group. Concentration of serum albumin has shown lower than that of control group. However concentration of total bilirubin has shown higher than that of control group. As times go onto serum LDH activity was significantly increased compared to control Broup. Serum CPK activity hasn't shown change compared to control group. Passive hemagglutination that of afetoprotein was shown negative reaction in all the treatment groups and control group.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-74
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• 1999

In this study, a nonsymmetric model of directional probability variation (dpv), which is fundamental and conforms well to various moving situations of attacking tanks, is obtained based on the Whittaker's theory. It is shown that it produces the same expression of the probability density function as the Whittaker's under the special moving condition of an attacking tank. Using the derived dpvs, the probability densities for the various cases of some examples are calculated numerically to verify the derived formulas, and compared with other existing symmetrical distributions widely used to grasp characteristics of them. As a result, it is noted that the plots of the probability density function for various cases selected exhibit very different and useful behavioral features. Applying the results with respect to the every tank in the computer simulation of engagement between two tank forces, it is expected that more reasonable shot distributions can be given comparing with other existing symmetrical ones. The derived dpvs may be utilized to decide shot distribution of other weapon systems through small modification.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 1998

This study was performed to estimate the clinical signs and changes of biochemical parameters in rats with hepatic injury induced by the administration of 2, 2'-azobis(2- amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) . Minor behavioral change, brittleness of skin hair and decreased volume of water and feed intake were observed in ra% 2 hours after AAPH administration compared to control group. Concentration of serum albumin showed lower than that of control group. However, concentration of total bilirubin has shown higher than that of control group. As time goes on, . serum LDH activity increased significantly compared to control group, but senun CPK activity did not change compared to control group. Passive hemanglutination of $\alpha $-fetoprotein was negative in all the treaDent groups and control group.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.14
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• pp.14.1-14.9
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• 2023

Administration of Scopolamine can be considered a psychopharmacological model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We made an animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by administering Scopolamine to Blab/c mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of Resplex Alpha on memory impairment and cognitive function in mice in a mouse animal model of Scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Through Y-mazed and passive avoidance behavioral assays, we observed that Resplex Alpha recovered Scopolamine-induced short-term memory and cognitive functions. The results of our study imply that Resplex Alpha may be beneficial in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate neuroprotective effects of Neutral Pharmacopuncture for Blood Stasis(NPBS) into SP10 and Tangguisusangami-tang (dangguixusanjiawei-tang)(TGT) in the experimental Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)rats. Methods : Male rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I was no treatment after TBI. Group II was treatment with NPBS into SP10 after TBI. Group III was treatment with TGT after TBI. Group IV was NPBS into SP10 and TGT after TBI. The author carried out neurological motor behavioral, histological assessment test. Results : 1. In neurological motor behavior tests, motor and cognitive function recovery was significantly increased in the Group II, III, IV. Also Group IV was increased as compared with Group II, III. 2. In BAX expression, according to priority Group IV, III, II, I were decresed in 7 and 14 days later. Especially Group IV was significantly decreased in 14 days later. 3. In BCL-2 expression, Group IV was increased slightly in 7 days later. Most incresed expression was experimented in the Group IV in 14 days later. 4. In TUNEL expression, IV was decreased as compared with each Group I, II, III in 7 days later. Group IV, III were decreased as compared with each Group I, II, III in 14 days later. Conclusions : According to the results, NPBS and TGT can inhibit apoptosis of cells after TBI in rats by contol of BAX and BCL-2, TUNEL expression. And also can help neurological motor behavioral function.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.475-485
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• 2007

Methamphetamine is an illicit drug that is often abused and can cause neuropsychiatric and neurotoxic damage. Repeated administration of psychostimulants such as methamphetamine induces a behavioral sensitization. According to a previous study, Bax was involved in neurotoxicity by methamphetamine, but the function of Bax in rewarding effect has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we have studied the function of Bax in a rewarding effect model. In the present study, we treated chronic methamphetamine exposure in a Bax-deficient mouse model and examined behavioral change using a conditioned place preference (CPP) test. The CPP score in Bax knockout mice was decreased compared to that of wild-type mice. Therefore, we screened for Bax-related genes that are involved in rewarding effect using microarray technology. In order to confirm microarray data, we applied the RT-PCR method to observe relative changes of Bcl2, a pro-apoptotic family gene. As a result, using our experiment microarray, we selected genes that were associated with Bax in microarray data, and eventually selected the Tgfbr2 gene. Expression of the Tgfbr2 gene was decreased by methamphetamine in Bax knockout mice, and the gene was overexpressed in Bax wild-type mice. Additionally, we confirmed that Creb, FosB, and c-Fos were related to rewarding effect and Bax using immunohistochemistry.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.553-562
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• 2013

This study was performed to develop cold-heat and deficiency-excess pattern identification for dementia, as well as for standard Korean medicine diagnosis and treatment. Five experts comprised of 4 neuropsychiatrists of Korean medicine and 1 statistician to develop cold-heat and deficiency-excess pattern identification for dementia. We searched studies about pattern identification and selected 507 articles using Oasis search terms provided by the KIOM. As a result, 10 pattern identification research study were recruited. Moreover, we analyzed neuropsychological assessments for dementia that evaluate Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and cognitive function using experts conferences and we selected neuropsychological instruments using pattern identification. Six cold patterns, six heat patterns, ten deficiency patterns, and four excess patterns were identified according to the cold-heat and deficiency-excess pattern identification of dementia. We selected the Caregiver-Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination as neuropsychological assessments of dementia, which examine behavioral symptoms and cognitive function, suspectively. We formed positive and negative correlation between Korean medicine pattern identification and neuropsychological assessments for dementia. We developed and suggested a forecast module of pattern identification for dementia. But, it is necessary to perform additional clinical trials to verify its validity and accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

Objective : Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and prolonged febrile seizures (pFS) are common neurologic problems that occur during childhood. However, there is insufficient evidence from experimental studies to conclude that pFS directly induces hippocampal injury. We studied cognitive function and histological changes in a rat model and investigated which among pFS, HIE, or a dual pathologic effect is most detrimental to the health of children. Methods : A rat model of HIE at postnatal day (PD) 7 and a pFS model at PD10 were used. Behavioral and cognitive functions were investigated by means of weekly open field tests from postnatal week (PW) 3 to PW7, and by daily testing with the Morris water maze test at PW8. Pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed in the control, pFS, HIE, and HIE+pFS groups at PW9. Results : The HIE priming group showed a seizure-prone state. The Morris water maze test revealed a decline in cognitive function in the HIE and HIE+pFS groups compared with the pFS and control groups. Additionally, the HIE and HIE+pFS groups showed significant hippocampal neuronal damage, astrogliosis, and volume loss, after maturation. The pFS alone induced minimal hippocampal neuronal damage without astrogliosis or volume loss. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that pFS alone causes no considerable memory or behavioral impairment, or cellular change. In contrast, HIE results in lasting memory impairment and neuronal damage, gliosis, and tissue loss. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the developing brain concerning conditions caused by HIE or pFS.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.617-626
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• 2011

Home appliance proposes the experience of new lifestyle to consumers, together with digital technology-applied highly advanced functions, beyond its natural quality like the basic function of reducing the burden of housework. However, under the current circumstances that populations are rapidly aging, the number of elderly consumers, who feel it inconvenient to smoothly use even the basic function of home appliance, is increasing in proportion to populations. Therefore, the necessity for developing home appliance with improved usability in consideration of the elderly is rising up. This study analyzed the elderly's pattern of using home appliance and illustrated the procedure of their using home appliance, putting its focus on the home appliance that the elderly highly depend on in keeping their daily life and that they feel it inconvenient to control. And based on the illustrated procedure, this paper substituted various kinds of home appliance that were not surveyed by this study and found out 4 user behavioral models for home appliance. Same as the concept of universal design, product designs, which are convenient to use by the elderly whose physical functions are reduced, are expected acceptable to various user classes. The found user behavioral models purport to give references to design process for product planning and design solutions.