• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.282-289
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• 2017

Animal Welfare is spreading throughout the world, but remains weak in Korean swine farms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the effect of floor type and hanging type environmental enrichment on the behavior of growing pigs under the traditional feeding environment. A total of 45 crossbred pigs (Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Duroc; average weight, $33.35{\pm}5.5kg$) were assigned into three treatments consisting of control, hanging type(T1) and floor type(T2) with three replicates in semi-slurry pen. The hanging enrichment was suspended at shoulder height of the pigs, and the floor enrichment was fixed in the center of the pens. Growth and cortisol were estimated at the end of the experimental period. Behaviour patterns were analyzed on the first and eighth days after starting the experiment. Growth was not differed among control and treatments. However, cortisol was decreased in T2 compared to control(25.28 vs. 46.75 ng/mL; p<0.05). On the first day, movement and aggression were lower in both treatments than in control(p<0.01). On the eighth day, time and frequency of playing action were increased in T2 compared to T1(p<0.01) and both treatment groups showed more active behaviour than control(p<0.01). These results suggested that the enrichment may meet the natural action requirement of pigs. Therefore, our data can be utilized as basic information for welfare with environmental enrichments in farm animals.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.835-844
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary behaviors, nutritional status and hematological status of female ballet majors a university. The study was conducted from May 11 to June 20, 2004 by questionnaires, anthropometry and blood analysis and data analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: The body mass index (BMI) and body fat rate of the ballet majors were significantly lower than those of the controls. Eighty-six point four percent of the ballet majors and $58.3\%$ of the controls had weight control experiences. Intakes of the nutrients were lower than those of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) , except vitamin C in the ballet majors. Intakes of calories, calcium and iron were lower than those of the RDAs in the controls. Serum triglyceride levels of the ballet majors were significantly lower than that of the controls. HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher in the ballet majors than in the controls. No differences were found in the serum total cholesterol level, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit value between the groups. Total iron binding capacity of the ballet majors was higher than that of the controls. Serum iron level was significantly lower in the ballet majors than in the controls. Nutrition knowledge scores and dietary attitude scores were lower in the ballet majors than in the controls. Self esteem and body-cathexis of the ballet majors were higher than that of the controls. These results indicate that the ballet majors should be given more nutritional education to improve their nutritional status and the dancing Performance. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $835\∼844$, 2005)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify conceptual constructs of well-being consciousness and appearance management behaviors, and to examine the effects of these two variables on attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics for Korean and Japanese consumers. A survey was carried out among female consumers between the ages of 20 and 50, and a total of 500 responses were analyzed by descriptive analysis, reliability test, t-test, and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and multi group analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The result of CFA and the reliability test on well-being consciousness and appearance management of Korean and Japanese respondents clearly showed factorial structures on each of the variant assessments. 2) In regards to the well-being consciousness, Korean and Japanese respondents highly tended to perceive well-being as a benefit to the physical health and an eco-friendly lifestyle respectively. In the area of appearance management, Korean and Japanese respondents had similar patterns that showed high scores of skin care and weight control. Both Korean and Japanese consumers showed favorable attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetic products. 3) The consumers' well-being consciousness revealed to have positive influences on appearance management behavior. Both well-being consciousness and appearance management positively influenced attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics. 4) As a result of MGA, the well-being consciousness had more positive impacts on Korean respondents' attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics than the appearance management variable when compared to the Japanese respondents. On the other hand, appearance management had more positive impacts on Japanese respondents' attitudes to-ward Korean herbal cosmetics than well-being consciousness when compared to the Korean respondents. These results suggest that differentiated marketing strategies for Korean herbal cosmetics are crucial when targeting Korean and Japanese consumers.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.567-582
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• 2022

In the present study, a series of physical experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of mode I and mixed-mode I/II cracks on the fracture modes and stability of roadway tunnel models. The experiments and simulations incorporated different inclination angle flaws under both static and dynamic loads. The quasi-static and dynamic testing were conducted by using an electro-hydraulic servo control device and drop weight impact system (DWIS), and the failure process was simulated by using rock failure process analysis (RFPA) and AUTODYN software. The stress intensity factor was also calculated to evaluate the stability of the flawed roadway tunnel models by using ABAQUS software. According to comparisons between the test and numerical results, it is observed that for flawed roadways with a single radical crack and inclination angle of 45°, the static and dynamic stability are the lowest relative to other angles of fractured rock masses. For mixed-mode I/II cracks in flawed roadway tunnel models under dynamic loading, a wing crack is produced and the pre-existing cracks increase the stress concentration factor in the right part of the specimen, but this factor will not be larger than the maximum principal stress region in the roadway tunnel models. Additionally, damage to the sidewalls will be involved in the flawed roadway tunnel models under static loads.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.583-591
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the diet diversity, food habit and nutrient intake of obese adults who were visiting the health promotion center. This study was accomplished with the 138 obese adults (men = 103, women= 35) aged over 20 years old whose BMI were above $25 kg/m^2$. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the number of foods (Dietary Variety Score DVS), and food group consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) by using the data from the three days record were analyzed and the food habit and lifestyle were assessed by self reporting questionnaire. The average enemy intake of men was 2150.2 kcal which was significantly higher than that of women (p < 0.05). The intake ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat over total energy was 54.8% : 19.3% : 25.8% in men, 59.5% : 17.8% : 22.6% in women respectively. Frequency of the breakfast in a week above 4, $2{\sim}3$ time and under one time was 75.7% 10.7% and 9.7% in men 77.1%, 5.7% and 14.3% in women respectively. frequency of eating between meals in a day under one time was 73.8% in men, 57.1% in women (p < 0.05). The average DDS and DVS was $3.63{\pm}0.07$ and $14.10 {\pm}3.45$, respectively which was significantly correlated with MAR (r=0.40 in DDS, r=0.64 in DVS, p < 0.01). The most frequent style of food pattern was DMGFV = 01101 in 35% of men, and DMGFV= 01111 in 37.1% of women. Our results show that dietary diversity and variety are useful parameters far evaluating nutrient intakes in obese adults. These findings suggest that nutritional education based on obese persons' eating behavior and eating diversity may be required to increase educational efficiency of weight control programs.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.533-548
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• 2014

The Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs developed a program called "Core Action Massages for Green Dietary Life" to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption and improve health. This study examines the degree of perceptions and practices with respect to these massages by considering a sample of 245 homemakers in Ulsan, Korea. The questionnaire consisted of questions about perceptions and practices of Core Action Massage and its three parts of detailed massages: , , . The data were analyzed with cross tabulation analysis, Tukey analysis after ANOVA. The score of agreement to Core Action Massage was 4.57(range 1-5). The score of perception about showed significant differences in age(p<0.01) and income(p<0.05). The score of perception about and showed significant differences in age(p<0.05). The score of practicing showed significant differences in age(0.001), education(0.01), housing style(p<0.01), and region(0.01). The score of practicing showed significant differences in age(p<0.001), education(0.05), and region(0.05). The frequency of practices for was low. As to the results of the study, education on green dietary life must be provided to homemakers, especially young homemakers. Opportunities to experience of farming to appreciate others' efforts to obtain food should also be provided.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 2004

The main aim of this study was to investigate stress related activities of Sun-ginseng extract as a candidate for anti-stress-related functional supplement by comparing its effect to those of red ginseng, which is also known to alleviate stress. Normal group was not exposed to stress while the control group was exposed to stress. Rats were orally administered once a day with 200 mg red ginseng (RG) extract, 100 or 200 mg Sun-ginseng (SG) extract/kg body weight. Mice were given water containing 400 mg red ginseng extract, 200 or 400 mg SG/100 mL potable water. Rats were given supplements for 5 days without stress, and 5 days with restraint and electroshock stress. After final stress, stress-related behavioral changes of experimental animals were recorded and levels of blood corticosterone were measured. Mice were given supplements for 5 days through drinking water, and then fatigue related motor activity were recorded. SG-supplementation partially blocked stress effect on locomotion and elevated plus maze test in rats, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, smelling, facewashing, grooming and rearing behavior in rats. SG-supplementation decreased blood corticosterone level which is increased by stress in rats. Effects of SG may not be modulated by GABAnergic nervous system. SG-supplementation prolonged swimming time and staying time on the wire and rotarod wheel in mice. These results suggest that SG partially protects living organisms from stress attack in some cases and thus has the potential to be used as a functional food to alleviate stress response.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.322-333
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of study was : 1) to analyse the trend of research on the sensory stimulation in newborn in Korea, 2) to suggest direction for further study on the sensory stimulation in newborn and contributing to the use of intervention in newborn. Method: Research studies on the sensory stimulation in newborn were selected from the dissertations, parents-child health. Academic Society Journal, and from Korean Journal of Pediatrcs which were conducted between 1984 and 2002. The total numbers of the studies were 15. These studies were analyzed for 1) time of publication or presentation 2) thesis for a degree or nondegree 3) characteristics of subjects 4) sample size 5) research design 6) type of sensory stimualtion 7) meaurement tool 8) result. Result : 1)The most year of studies were the 1996's～ 2000's. 2) The degree of studies were higher than nondegree. 3) The most characteristics of subjects were the premature infants. 4) The most frequent sample sizes were 11-20. 5) The all research design was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design in quasi experimental basis. 6) The most type of sensory stimulation was Field massage(tactile and kinesthetic). 7) The measurement tool used all objective tools. 8) The most research data were collected by the measure of the weight, heart rate, behavior state, respiration, stress hormon and positive results. Conclusion: 1) Human sensory stimulation did not seem to harm the infants. 2) several positive effects of sensory stimulation that have been reported previously must be reevaluated. 3) further research will be required large sample size, long-term outcome, individualized stimulation program, early parent-infant contact in order to enhance the development of attachment, to determine the underlying mechanism and theorical frame for these stimulation effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.527-537
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• 2007

The main girders and cross-beams of an H-beam bridge consisted of factory-made H-beams, providing better conditions for quality control. Also, on-site fabrication works can be minimized and most of the stiffeners can be omitted, enabling simple and economic construction. In this study, the effect of the Multi-Stepwise TPSM (M-TPSM) on improving the maximum span length and section efficiency is analyzed. Compared to a 30-m-long, five-girder conventional plate girder bridge, structural analysis results showed that 50.7~55.1% of the girder height and 24.1~26.2% of the self-weight may be reduced by the application of M-TPSM to a five-girder H-beam bridge constructed with H-$900{\times}300$beams. In case of conventional H-beam bridges without M-TPSM, it was found that seven girders are required for a similar level of load-carrying capacity. Therefore, it is concluded that by the application of the M-TPSM, the H-beam bridge would become one of most cost-competitive options for short- and medium-span bridges.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 2007

This study aimed to evaluate and develop $Eudragit^{(R)}$-coated pellets based on the dissolution using the paddle method. As coating materials, two types of $Eudragit^{(R)}$ were applied to obtain either sustained release form or fast released form. The dissolution test was carried out in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.5) at $37^{\circ}C$, 100 rpm. In order to develop a sustained release preparation containing felodipine, a comparative dissolution study was done using commercial product as a control. The dissolution at 30 min of felodipine from $Eudragit^{(R)}$ RS or RL-coated pellets were 0.96% and 99.65, respectively. The weight ratio of $Eudragit^{(R)}$ RL pellets to RS pellets altered the dissolution rate, but did not optimize the dissolution rate. However, the sustained dissolution of felodipine from pellets was optimized by varying the coating ratios of $Eudragit^{(R)}$ RS. It is suggested that the coating ratio of pellets is the main factor which controls dissolution rate. Taken together, $Eudragit^{(R)}$ RS 30D-coated pellets showed the most comparable dissolution rate pattern to commercial product, $Splendil^{(R)}$. This sustained release pellets for oral delivery system of felodipine was simply manufactured, and drug release behavior was highly reproducible.