• Title/Summary/Keyword: Behavior Observation

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Monitoring Techniques for Active Volcanoes (활화산의 감시 기법에 대한 연구)

  • Yun, Sung-Hyo;Lee, Jeong-Hyun;Chang, Cheol-Woo
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.119-138
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    • 2014
  • There are various ways to monitor active volcanoes, such as the method of observing the activity of a volcano with the naked eye, the method of referring to the past eruptive history based on the historic records and the method of monitoring volcanoes by using observation equipment. The most basic method from the observation equipment-using methods to monitor volcanoes is seismic monitoring. In addition to this, the ways to monitor volcanoes are as follows: resonance observation which may be effective to remove artificial noises from the seismic activities that are recorded in the seismograph, ground deformation by using precision leveling, electronic distance measurement, tiltmeter, GPS, and InSAR observation method, volcanic gas monitoring, hydrologic and meteorological monitoring, and other geophysical monitoring methods. These monitoring methods can make volcanic activities effectively monitored, determine the behavior of magmas in magma chambers and help predict the future volcanic eruptions more accurately and early warning, thus, minimize and mitigate the damage of volcanic hazards.

Influence of Panax Ginseng upon mating Behavior of Male Rats (인삼이 흰쥐의 성 행위에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Chul;Choi, Hyun;Kim, Chung-Chin;Kim, Jong-Kyu;Kim, Myung-Suk;Ahn, Byung-Tae;Park, Hyoung-Jin
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 1974
  • The influence, upon male rat's mating behavior, of Korean Panax Ginseng administered for 3 and 5 days was investigated by direct behavioral observation and also by counting the number of copulation plugs the animals deposited. Four쇼-four male albino rats were used. Part of the animals received ginseng for 3 days (ginseng-3 day group, N= 12) or for 5 days(ginseng-5 day group, H=10), while the remaining animals received saline for 3 days (saline-3 day group, N=12) or for 5 days (saline-S day group, N=10). Each animal belonging to the 2 ginseng groups received subcutaneously 0.5 ml/100 g body weight of ginseng alcohol extract solution (4 mg of the ethyl alcohol extract in 1 ml of physiological saline), and each rat belonging to the 2 saline groups received the same amount of saline per day. During the dark period of the light-dark cycle on the next day following the last drug administration, a female rat in the artificial estrus was introduced to each male and the mating behavior was observed for 45 minutes. The observation session was divided into two parts and, in the early part which terminated with the first ejaculation and succeeding intromission, following behavioral measures were taken: mounting latency, intromission latency, inter-intromission period, ejaculatory latency(time from the first intromission until the first ejaculation), occurrence of mounting with intromission, occurrence of mounting without intromission, and postejaculatory interval. Behavioral measures taken in the later part of the session after the first ejaculation were: occurrence of mounting with intromission, occurrence of mounting without intromission, and occurrence of ejaculation. Immediately after the behavioral observation session the experiment turned to measure, for 10 days, the number of copulation plug which each pair of rats deposited. Following results were obtained: 1. After several mountings mounting with intromission, males of the 2 ginseng groups finished the first ejaculation significantly earlier than the corresponding 2 saline groups did. 2. The postejaculatory latency was significantly reduced in the ginseng-5 day group compare with the value of the saline-5 day group and also compared with the value of the ginseng-3 day group. 3. The 2 ginseng groups ejaculated significantly more often in 45 minutes' observation session than the corresponding 2 saline groups did. 4. The number of copulation plug deposited in 10 days by the animals of the 2 ginseng groups. significantly exceeded the number deposited by the corresponding 2 saline group animals. The animals of the ginseng-5 day group deposited copulation plugs significantly more than the animals of the ginseng-3 day group did. It is inferred from the above results that the ginseng facilitates mating behavior of male rats, and that the degree of facilitation may be influenced by the duration of drug administration.

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Reliability and Validity of the Behavioral Observation Method for Assessing Low Back Pain in Patients with Spinal Diseases (척추질환자의 요통사정을 위한 통증행위 관찰법의 신뢰도 및 타당도 검정)

  • Yoon, Ho-Soon;Lee, Eun-Ok
    • Journal of muscle and joint health
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.97-115
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    • 1994
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the observed behaviors of subjects who suffered from low back pain with spinal diseases, Thirty two low back pain patients admitted on the neurosurgical unit in an army hospital were compared with 30 normal controls belonged to an army unit, by means of matching the age, hight and weight. Observed pain behaviors were developed by the researcher on the bases of literature and patient observation. This tool consists of 18 behaviors seperated into two major groups : mutually exclusive and concomittent behaviors. The mutually exclusive behaviors included coding cathegories for 6. body motions assumed by the subjects during the observation session. These 6 standardized motions consisted of sitting from standing first, and serially tying down, reclining, sitting again, and then standing, 6 steps walking. Concomittent behaviors consisted of 12 observable patterns that can be observed systematically from the face, grimacing, bracing, rubbing, walking with arms fixed, support with hands on sitting or standing, guarded movement, limping, unbalaced weightbearing, stopped movement from tying position to sitting, sighing and graoning. Subjects were videotrecorded as they performed a 6-standardized sequence of motions, simultanously researcher measured the time spent performing each motion and step length. Patients were asked torate their subjective pain score on the 10 mm graphic rating scale ranging from 'no pain' to 'sever pain'. For scoring of the pain behaviors, two trained nursing officiers independently and simutanously viewwd each videorecording and checked subject 'pain behaviors at the observational item checklist. The result of the study are summarized as follows : 1. Reability of the observational tool was a=.845. 2. Spearman's rho and percentage agreement were p=.97 and 81.7 persent respectively, that indicate adequate interrater reability of this tool. 3. The sensitivity rate of the tool was .875 while specificity rate .866 for differentiating patient from the normal. 4. When difference in the objective pain indices between patient group and control were compared, there was significant difference of all indices, such as pain behavior(t=7.71, p=.0001). spent time performing motion(t=14.2, p=.0001), step length (t=-10.72, p=.0001). 5. There were differences in the objective indices the subjective pain subgroups (low, medium, high). Differences in the mean score of objective pain behavior (F=6.376. p=.005) and spent time for moyion(F=4.631, p=.018). But there were no significant differences in the step length among the subgroups(F=.667, p=.521). 6. Highly correlated pain behavior items wiyh subjective pain score were 'stopped movement from lying position to sitting', 'limping', 'support with hands on sitting or standing', 'bracing', 'guarding' and 'walking with arms fixed'. In summary, although some of rho behavior items such as sighing and groaning in this study could not be observed because of videotaped datd, the reliability and validity of the over all observation method were satifactory. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate rye potetional utility of the tool in assessing objective pain complementing self-reported pain in low back pain patients.

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Flexural Analysis of Steel Fiber Rreinforced Concrete Beam (강섬유 보강 콘크리트 보의 휨 해석)

  • 이차돈
    • Computational Structural Engineering
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.113-122
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    • 1990
  • An analytical simulation of the flexural behavior of SFRC beam has been illustrated. Curvature distributions and crack opening in critical region were taken into account. Compressive and tensile constitutive models which express post-peak behavior of SFRC with stress-crack opening relationships were incorporated in simulating nonlinear flexural behavior of the beam. The model was able to predict test results with reasonable accuracy. Behavior of the critical section and effects of different factors m the flexural behavior of SFRC beam were investigated. Simple observation and statistical approach have been made in selecting most influential parameters in flexural behavior of SFRC.

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A Novel Optimization Algorithm Inspired by Bacteria Behavior Patterns

  • Jung, Sung-Hoon;Kim, Tae-Geon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.392-400
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    • 2008
  • This paper proposes a novel optimization algorithm inspired by bacteria behavior patterns for foraging. Most bacteria can trace attractant chemical molecules for foraging. This tracing capability of bacteria called chemotaxis might be optimized for foraging because it has been evolved for few millenniums. From this observation, we developed a new optimization algorithm based on the chemotaxis of bacteria in this paper. We first define behavior and decision rules based on the behavior patterns of bacteria and then devise an optimization algorithm with these behavior and decision rules. Generally bacteria have a quorum sensing mechanism that makes it possible to effectively forage, but we leave its implementation as a further work for simplicity. Thereby, we call our algorithm a simple bacteria cooperative optimization (BCO) algorithm. Our simple BCO is tested with four function optimization problems on various' parameters of the algorithm. It was found from experiments that the simple BCO can be a good framework for optimization.

The Effects of Group Sensory Integrative Intervention on the Sensory Integration Dysfunction Children's Social Interaction With Peer and Therapist (그룹감각통합치료가 감각통합장애아동의 또래 및 치료사와의 상호작용에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Eun-Young;Noh, Sol;Namgung, Young;Kim, Kyeong-Mi
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2012
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of group sensory integrative intervention on the sensory integration dysfunction children's social interaction with peer and therapist Methods : The subjects were three children aged between 3 and 5 with sensory integration disorder. Each Child participated in 15 sessions of group sensory integrative intervention. The based on the observation list of the children's social interaction behavior, the children's interactions with the peers and therapist are measured. One group pretest-posttest design was used to verify the effect of group sensory integrative intervention. The difference between before and after the sensory integration group program in the observation list of the children's social interaction behavior were tested by the Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test. Results : The average scores of the observation list of the children's social interaction behavior was increased after the group sensory integrative intervention. However, there is no significant difference in the social interactions between data of pre-intervention and the one of post-intervention. Conclusion : The results suggest a possibility of that the group sensory integrative intervention may affect social interactions. Future research should supplement limitations of this study regarding the short period of the experiment and there must be several evaluation standard to show norm data.

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The study about apparel shopping behavior types of internet shopper (인터넷 쇼핑몰 이용자의 의류상품 쇼핑행동 유형 연구)

  • 김선숙;이은영
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.27 no.9_10
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    • pp.1036-1047
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out in the purpose of proposing internet marketing strategy which can make conversion rate higher through analysis of internet shopping behavior types. This study was executed in two stages; qualitative study, quantitative study. In the qualitative study, internet shopping behavior types were investigated through the In-depth interview and direct observation, and then in the quantitative study, differences of internet shopping behavior types according to consumer characteristics, product properties and shopping-mall types were examined. For qualitative study, 30 samples by focus sampling were inquired and for quantitative study, 334 data were collected through web survey. The results of this study are as follows: First, 7 Internet shopping behavior types of apparel were found through the qualitative study: cautious purchase by price comparison, searching purchase, special low price purchase, impulse purchase, prepurchase deliberation, information accumulation, recreation-oriented. Second, in relation to consumer characteristics, consumers that have many internet purchase experiences showed goal-directed behavior more and female did more special low price purchase behavior and impulse purchase behavior than male. Third, according to product properties, high price product led more cautious purchase by price comparison & prepurchase deliberation behavior and fashionable product led more information-searching behavior. In the case of low price and fashionable products, impulse purchase behaviors were showed more. Forth, according to Internet shopping mall types, category killer shopping mall visitors showed information search behavior, recreation-oriented behavior more.

Saltwater Intrusion Characteristics in Seomjin River Estuary using EFDC (3차원 수치모델을 이용한 섬진강 하구역의 염수침입 특성)

  • KANG, Bo-Sik;PARK, Hyo-Bong;KIM, Jong-Kyu
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.1842-1853
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    • 2015
  • The behavior characteristics of the saltwater intrusion in the Seomjin River Estuary by the inflow of fresh water were analysed by the field observation using CTD in the neap tide in January, June, and August 2013 as well as a numerical model, EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code). As a result, Seomjin River Estuary is found that the saltwater intrusion is sensitive to the tide and tidal and freshwater flow. The results of field observation and numerical model were similar in the range of salt, but the results of salt wedge distribution were quite different. The observation of tide and tidal current as well as hydrographic surveying the Seomjin River Estuary will be jointly conducted for the accurate analysis.

Real Time Imaging of Solidification Behavior by Synchrotron X-ray Radiography (싱크로트론 X-선 투과영상법을 활용한 응고거동 실시간 관찰)

  • Lee, Sang-Mok;Yasuda, Hideyuki
    • Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.5-13
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    • 2010
  • This article aims to introduce the synchrotron radiation for its utilization in the casting and solidification fields as an unique tool for observation of real time phenomena of molten metal during solidification. General features of the synchrotron radiation were briefly introduced for readers in the casting and solidification fields, with no background regarding to synchrotron radiation. And basic principles of imaging technologies using synchrotron light for in-situ observation of molten metal were explained together with exemplary research works, which were reported on the casting and solidification fields in recent years. As a practical guide, real time observation of Al-Si casting alloy was introduced with experimental facilities, image acquisition, and processing together with representative results.

Observation of Electrocatalytic Amplification of Iridium Oxide (IrOx) Single Nanoparticle Collision on Copper Ultramicroelectrodes

  • Choi, Yong Soo;Jung, Seung Yeon;Joo, Jin Woo;Kwon, Seong Jung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.35 no.8
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    • pp.2519-2522
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    • 2014
  • Recently, the observation of the electrocatalytic behavior of individual nanoparticles (NPs) by electrochemical amplification method has been reported. For example, the Iridium oxide ($IrO_x$) NP collision on the Pt UME was observed via electrocatalytic water oxidation. However, the bare Pt UME had poor reproducibility for the observation of NP collision signal and required an inconvenient surface pre-treatment for the usage. In this manuscript, we has been investigated other metal electrode such as Cu UME for the reproducible data analysis and convenient use. The $IrO_x$ NP collision was successively observed on the bare Cu UME and the reproducibility in collision frequency was improved comparing with previous case using the $NaBH_4$ pre-treated Pt UME. Also, the adhesion coefficient between NP and the Cu UME was studied for better understanding of the single NP collision system.