• Architectural research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2015

In architectural planning, previous cases of similar spatial program provide important data for architectural design. Case-based reasoning (CBR) paradigm in the field of architectural design is closely related to the designing behavior of a planner who makes use of similar architectural designs and spatial programs in the past. In CBR, spatial graph can be constituted with most fundamental data, which can provide a method of searching spatial program by using visual graphs. This study developed a system for CBR that can analyze the similarity through graph comparison and search for buildings. This is an integrated system that is able to compare space similarity of different buildings and analyze their types, in addition to the analysis on a space within a single structure.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2021

The fixing number of a graph G is the smallest order of a subset S of its vertex set V (G) such that the stabilizer of S in G, ��S(G) is trivial. Let G1 and G2 be the disjoint copies of a graph G, and let g : V (G1) → V (G2) be a function. A functigraph FG consists of the vertex set V (G1) ∪ V (G2) and the edge set E(G1) ∪ E(G2) ∪ {uv : v = g(u)}. In this paper, we study the behavior of fixing number in passing from G to FG and find its sharp lower and upper bounds. We also study the fixing number of functigraphs of some well known families of graphs like complete graphs, trees and join graphs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2018

Uniaxial ratcheting behavior of Z2CND18.12N austenitic stainless steel used nuclear power plant piping material was studied. The results indicated that ratcheting strain increased with increasing of stress amplitude under the same mean stress and different stress amplitude, ratcheting strain increased with increasing of mean stress under the same stress amplitude and different mean stress. Based on least square method, a suitable method to arrest ratcheting by loading the materials was proposed, namely determined method of zero ratcheting strain rate. Zero ratcheting strain rate occur under specified mean stress and stress amplitudes. Moreover, three dimensional ratcheting boundary surface graph was established with stress amplitude, mean stress and ratcheting strain rate. This represents a graphical surface zone to study the ratcheting strain rates for various mean stress and stress amplitude combinations. The graph showed the ratcheting behavior under various combinations of mean and amplitude stresses. The graph was also expressed with the help of experimental results of certain sets of mean and stress amplitude conditions. Further, experimentation cost and time can be saved.

• Architectural research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

The present study explored the applicability of Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) techniques to workplace design research. Six types of VGA measures in Depthmap encompassing visual connectivity, three types of visual integration, mean depth, and visual entropy were employed for the analysis of individual privacy for task concentration and group relationship behavior in the open-plan office environment. Data comprised 136 workers in 6 open-plan offices filled with low-paneled (1.2-1.5m) cubicle workspaces. For the statistical analysis, Spearman's rho correlations and t-tests were applied for the spatial and behavioral measures. The results showed that workspace VGA measures have a potential to be useful information to account for workers' concentration privacy and, limitedly, also informal relationships with team members. Visual entropy values especially offer reliable information to predict various aspects of office workers' privacy behavior while visual integration can be used to account for the workers' sense of trust in group relations. The study also discussed the limitation of VGA applications to the workplace context.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2021

Introduction: Despite huge investments in new technology and transportation infrastructure, terrible accidents still remain a reality of traffic. Methods: Severe traffic accidents were analyzed from four prevailing modes of today's transportations: sea, air, railway, and road. Main root causes of all four accidents were defined with implementation of the approach, based on Flanagan's critical incident technique. In accordance with Molan's Availability Humanization model (AH model), possible preventive or humanization interventions were defined with the focus on technology, environment, organization, and human factors. Results: According to our analyses, there are significant similarities between accidents. Root causes of accidents, human behavioral patterns, and possible humanization measures were presented with rooted graphs. It is possible to create a generalized model graph, which is similar to rooted graphs, for identification of possible humanization measures, intended to prevent similar accidents in the future. Majority of proposed humanization interventions are focused on organization. Organizational interventions are effective in assurance of adequate and safe behavior. Conclusions: Formalization of root cause analysis with rooted graphs in a model offers possibility for implementation of presented methods in analysis of particular events. Implementation of proposed humanization measures in a particular analyzed situation is the basis for creation of safety culture.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2015

Motion control schemes are generally classified into three categories (point stabilization, trajectory tracking, and path following). This paper deals with the problem which is associated with the initial deployment of a group of Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USVs) and corresponding point stabilization. To keep the formation of a group of USVs, it is necessary to set the relationship between each vehicle. A forcing functions such as potential fields are designed to keep the formation and a graph Laplacian is used to represent the connectivity between vehicle. In case of fixed topology of the graph representing the communication between the vehicles, the graph Laplacian is assumed constant. However the graph topologies are allowed to change as the vehicles move, and the system dynamics become discontinuous in nature because the graph Laplacian changes as time passes. To check the stability in the stage of deployment, the system is modeled with Kronecker algebra notation. Filippov's calculus of differential equations with discontinuous right hand sides is then used to formally characterize the behavior of USVs. The stability of the system is analyzed with Lyapunov's stability theory and LaSalle's invariance principle, and the validity is shown by checking the variation of state norm.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1986년도 하계학술대회논문집
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• pp.486-489
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• 1986

The transition diagram, as well as the regular expression, can be used as a formal description for a language acceptable by a finite automaton or for the behavior of a sequential switching circuit. But, if we are given one of these two descriptions, we shall find that it is not easy to get the other counterpart description. This paper is to show an easy method to find the equivalet regular expression from the transition diagram, by the aid of a graph-transformation technique.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1013-1016
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• 1998

A method for generation of design verification tests from behavior-level VHDL program is presented. Behavioral VHDL programs contain multiple communicating processes, signal assignment statements. So for large, complex system, it is difficult problem to test or simulation. In this paper, we proposed a new hardware design verification method. For this method generates control flow graph(CFG.) and process modeling graph(PMG) in the given under the testing VHDL program. And this method proved very effective that all the assumed design errors could be detected.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.313-317
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• 2011

In this article, we consider an unbounded minimal graph $M{\subset}R^3$ which is contained in a slab. Assume that ${\partial}M$ consists of two Jordan curves lying in parallel planes, which is symmetric with the reflection under a plane. If the asymptotic behavior of M is also symmetric in some sense, then we prove that the minimal graph is itself symmetric along the same plane.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제31권3_4호
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• pp.533-544
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• 2013

The multiplicative version of Wiener index (${\pi}$-index), proposed by Gutman et al. in 2000, is equal to the product of the distances between all pairs of vertices of a (molecular) graph G. In this paper, we first present some sharp bounds in terms of the order and other graph parameters including the diameter, degree sequence, Zagreb indices, Zagreb coindices, eccentric connectivity index and Merrifield-Simmons index for ${\pi}$-index of general connected graphs and trees, as well as a Nordhaus-Gaddum-type bound for ${\pi}$-index of connected triangle-free graphs. Then we study the behavior of ${\pi}$-index upon the case when removing a vertex or an edge from the underlying graph. Finally, we investigate the extremal properties of ${\pi}$-index within the set of trees and unicyclic graphs.