• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

The purpose of this work is to biomechanically study the effect of the one leg standing pose in yoga.. The work have been done through the evaluation for the left and right symmetry ability of one leg standing pose in the before and after yoga training for the 14 female yoga subject group (height: $164.3{\pm}4.4cm$, mass: $53.4{\pm}6.4kg$, year: $20.0{\pm}0.49yrs$) participated in this experiment. The motions of one leg standing pose were captured with Vicon system and the parameters were calculated with Visual-3D and Ground reaction force system. The results were as followed; - Front and backward COPsd did not show the significant difference, compared the before training with the after. - Left and right COPsd showed the significant difference (p<0.05), compared the before training with the after. - COP distance showed the significant difference (p<0.01), compared the before training with the after. - The asymmetry index of front and backward COPsd did not show the significant difference, compared the before training with the after. - The asymmetry index of left and right COPsd did not show the significant difference, compared the before training with the after. - The asymmetry index of COP distance showed the significant difference (p<0.01), compared the before training with the after. Therefore, the yoga training demonstrated the stable improvement in the one leg standing pose of inferior feet and the positive effect to the left and right symmetry ability.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.339-353
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• 2021

This study aimed to assess the causality of different climate variables on the production of whole crop maize (Zea mays L.; WCM) in the central inland region of the Korea. Furthermore, the effect of these climate variables was also determined by looking at direct and indirect pathways during the stages before and after silking. The WCM metadata (n = 640) were collected from the Rural Development Administration's reports of new variety adaptability from 1985-2011 (27 years). The climate data was collected based on year and location from the Korean Meteorology Administration's weather information system. Causality, in this study, was defined by various cause-and-effect relationships between climatic factors, such as temperature, rainfall amount, sunshine duration, wind speed and relative humidity in the seeding to silking stage and the silking to harvesting stage. All climate variables except wind speed were different before and after the silking stage, which indicates the silking occurred during the period when the Korean season changed from spring to summer. Therefore, the structure of causality was constructed by taking account of the climate variables that were divided by the silking stage. In particular, the indirect effect of rainfall through the appropriate temperature range was different before and after the silking stage. The damage caused by heat-humidity was having effect before the silking stage while the damage caused by night-heat was not affecting WCM production. There was a large variation in soil surface temperature and rainfall before and after the silking stage. Over 350 mm of rainfall affected dry matter yield (DMY) when soil surface temperatures were less than 22℃ before the silking stage. Over 900 mm of rainfall also affected DMY when soil surface temperatures were over 27℃ after the silking stage. For the longitudinal effects of soil surface temperature and rainfall amount, less than 22℃ soil surface temperature and over 300 mm of rainfall before the silking stage affected yield through over 26℃ soil surface temperature and less than 900 mm rainfall after the silking stage, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2662-2670
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze the impact of names on stress and self-esteem, comparing before and after renaming. A survey was published and conducted on a renaming club website for the period from 1 April 2013 to 31 May and there were 161 participants. The invitation to survey was limited to members who had changed their names at least six months before the survey and the impact was measured by comparing before and after the first renaming. For the analysis of the data, frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed. As a result, the level of stress caused by one's name was lowered after renaming, and one's self-esteem significantly went up compared to before renaming. Therefore, the stress from one's name is believed to affect one's self-esteem, and the study shows that there is a negative correlation as the lower the stress from one's name becomes, the higher one's self-esteem goes up. Therefore, this study is considered to be able to contribute to reducing stress caused by names, as it has proved that the self-esteem increases and the level of stress is lowered after renaming.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.155-165
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• 2008

This study is aims finding out characteristics and change levels of medical advertizing between before and after revised medical laws. We investigated to medical advertizing of 3 major newspaper(Josen, Joongang, Donga) to achieve study purpose. After revised medical laws, major change is seen below. 1. Increase rates of medical advertizing was 65.5%. Specially, increase rates of medical advertizing by each department were differently each department; Dermatology was 450%, dentist's clinic was 342%, orthopedic surgery was 171%, and plastic surgery was 133%. In spite of increasing trends of most departments, urology decreased to 50% than before revised medical laws. 2. Of types of medical advertizing, Question and Answer type increased to 230% than before. Illegal level of medical advertizing was 10.4%. 3. The contents of medical advertizing were hospital location, photograph before and after treatments, and carrier, name and introduction of medical staffs. 4. The size of medical advertizing increased 1.73 column then before. The size of medical advertizing in clinics was shown statistically increase than hospital level. With above results, it is cleared that increase rates and trends of medical advertizing are more increased and complicated before revised medical laws. We try to be better situations for patients to get more exactly information and facts.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in muscle fatigue by using electromyography (EMG) measurements of the median frequency of shoulder muscles of patients who underwent rotator cuff repair, and to provide basic data for efficient exercise methods during rehabilitation after the repair. In the study, 24 male and 8 female patients who underwent rotator cuff repair performed continuous passive shoulder joint motion for 3 weeks and the median frequency of their shoulder muscles before and after the repair were compared using measurements by EMG. The infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and serratus anterior muscles showed significant differences in the changes in the median frequency before and after the repair. Significant differences were also found in the median frequency of the three muscles both before and after the repair. Additionally, the middle deltoid muscle had a lower median frequency than the supraspinatus muscle before the repair and the infraspinatus muscle had a lower median frequency than the middle deltoid muscle after the repair. It is expected that these results will serve as important data in developing rehabilitation exercise programs for the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and serratus anterior muscles by compensating the middle deltoid muscle with the lowest muscle fatigue after the rotator cuff repair erase.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

Purpose : This study compared before and after emergency patient evaluation education of the 1st graders at the department emergency medical technology(EMT) students, and analyzed its effects on patient evaluation ability after education. The aims of this study was to develop effective educational program and to provide basic materials for its educational method. Methods : This study was carried out by 66 first graders attending the department of emergency medical technology(EMT) at a college in G province and data were collected from Apr. 1 to 2, 2009. The questionnaire consisted of knowledge of emergent patient evaluation, academic self-efficacy, and technical performance after emergent patient evaluation education. We analyzed the influence of knowledge and academic self-efficacy on accurate technical performance with SPSS 14.0 version. Results : 1. In knowledge score, it was 9.27 before education and increased to 35.19 after education and that there was statistically significant difference. In academic self-efficacy, task difficulty preference scored 2.73 before education and 3.97 after education, self-control efficacy scored 2.84 before education and 4.05 after education, self-confidence scored 2.45 before education and 4.21 after education. There were statistically significant increases after education. Technical performance scored 0.00 before education, but it scored 18.78 after education and there was statistically significant increase after education. 2. In sex as one of general characteristics, self-confidence which was sub-factor of academic self-efficacy scored higher in male students(4.28) than in female students(4.10). There was statistically significant difference(p < 0.05). 3. Knowledge had positive correlation with self-control efficacy which was the sub-factor of academic self-efficacy(r = 0.249, p < 0.05) and self-confidence which is the sub-factor of academic self-efficacy had the positive correlation with technical performance(r = 0.258, p < 0.05). 4. Self-confidence which was the sub-factor of academic self-efficacy(B = 0.372, p < 0.05) had statistically significant influence on technical performance. ability of self-confidence to explain technical performance(R2) was 11.10%. Conclusion : From the results of this study, it is necessary that EMT students should learn professional first aid, accurate patient evaluation through self-efficacy development.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2008

Background : When surgeons plan mandible ortho surgery for patients with skeletal class III facial asymmetry, they must be consider the exact method of surgery for correction of the facial asymmetry. Three-dimensional (3D) CT imaging is efficient in depicting specific structures in the craniofacial area. It reproduces actual measurements by minimizing errors from patient movement and allows for image magnification. Due to the rapid development of digital image technology and the expansion of treatment range, rapid progress has been made in the study of three-dimensional facial skeleton analysis. The purpose of this study was to conduct 3D CT image comparisons of mandible changes after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients. Materials & methods : This study included 7 patients who underwent 3D CT before and after correction of facial asymmetry in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Yeungnam University Hospital between August 2002 and November 2005. Patients included 2 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 16 years to 30 years (average 21.4 years). Frontal CT images were obtained before and after surgery, and changes in mandible angle and length were measured. Results : When we compared the measurements obtained before and after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients, correction of facial asymmetry was identified on the "after" images. The mean difference between the right and left mandibular angles before mandibular surgery was $7^{\circ}$, whereas after mandibular surgery it was $1.5^{\circ}$. The right and left mandibular length ratios subtracted from 1 was 0.114 before mandibular surgery, while it was 0.036 after mandibular surgery. The differences were analyzed using the nonparametric test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (p<0.05). Conclusion: The system that has been developed produces an accurate three-dimensional representation of the skull, upon which individualized surgery of the skull and jaws is easily performed. The system also permits accurate measurement and monitoring of postsurgical changes to the face and jaws through reproducible and noninvasive means.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was carried out to assess the risk of bias of clinical trials on acne treatment with herbal medicine that have been published in Korea. Methods : 7 electronic databases in Korea were searched for clinical trials on acne treatment. Two independent reviewers selected clinical trials on herbal medicine treatment for acne. Selected studies are categorized according to DAMI(Study Design Algorithm for Medical literature of Intervention). RCTs are assessed according to Cochrane RoB(Risk of Bias), non-randomized studies(Before-after studies) are assessed according to RoBANS(Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Study). Results : After selection process, 25 articles are left. Among 25 articles, 3 RCTs and 4 before-after studies are finally included. In RCTs, the proportion of 'unclear' is high in criteria of 'random sequence generation', 'allocation concealment', and 'blinding'. In before-after studies, 'high' is high in criteria of 'blinding for outcome assessment' and 'incomplete outcome data'. Conclusions : Considering the above results of the assessment, it is necessary to conduct more well designed clinical trials on acne treatment with herbal medicine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.248-251
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• 2018

This retrospective study reports the effects of combined traditional Korean treatment of cervical radiculopathy in patients who underwent ineffective epidural steroid injection treatment. This study analyzed cervical radiculopathy in patients who visited traditional Korean medicine hospital following an ineffective epidural steroid injection. There were 29 cases included in this study. Scores for Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were measured before and after combined treatment with acupuncture, herbal medicine, and chuna therapy. The results of this study showed that patient VAS scores for neck and shoulder pain were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) when comparing scores before treatment ($6.03{\pm}2.04$) with after treatment ($2.14{\pm}1.27$). In addition, the VAS score for radiating pain before treatment ($6.67{\pm}1.44$) compared with after treatment ($2.89{\pm}1.83$) showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the NDI score before treatment ($25.85{\pm}6.33$) compared with after treatment ($11.33{\pm}7.47$), also showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001). The results in this study showed the positive effects of combined traditional Korean medicine treatment in significantly reducing pain for patients with cervical radiculopathy, who had ineffective anesthesia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 1989

This study was peformed to examine the effect of muscle relaxation training on patients with insomnia complaint. The subjects were selected those who have taken poor sleep below 240-300 minutes. per day, between 16-15ages, without organic brain syndroms. Using the Budzinski's muscle relaxation training tapes the patients have been gotten the muscle relaxation training daily during four weeks and examined the state anxiety with Spielberger's Trait-State Anxiety Scale, and investigated Sleep amounts, Blood pressure, Pulse rates, Respiratory rates before and after the muscle relaxation training. The results were as follow : 1. The mean of the State anxiety after the muscle relaxation training(41.8$\pm$6.4) was significantly lower than that of before training (54.2$\pm$7.0) (p＜0.001). 2. The mean of systolic blood pressure after the training (114.$\pm$7.8mmHg) was significantly lower than that of before training (139.0$\pm$9.8) (P＜0.001). 3. The mean of Pulse rate after the traing (89.2$\pm$3.0) was significantly lower than that of before training (103.9$\pm$7.4) (P＜0.001). 4. The mean of Respiratory rate after the training(18.6$\pm$1.0) was significantly lower than that of before training(22.8$\pm$1.3) (P＜0.001). 5. The mean of Sleep amount after the muscle relaxation training (459.8$\pm$52.4 minutes) was significantly increased than that of before training (287.3$\pm$30.3) (P＜0.001).