• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

Purpose: This study compared the effect of two oral care agents on preventing stomatitis and discomfort for acute leukemic patients. Methods: A total of forty patients was enrolled and randomly assigned to sodium bicarbonate or chlorhexidine group. WHO oral toxicity scale was used for measuring stomatitis and Beck's subjective oral discomfort scale for evaluating oral comfort. Data was collected from August 2009 to February 2010. The data was analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: Data analyzed was thirty five one. The incidence of stomatitis was 47.4%, 68.8% in sodium bicarbonate and chlohexidine group respectively. The onset of stomatitis was about the 10th and 9th day after chemotherapy initiation, and the duration was 8.0 and 8.67 day respectively. The severity of stomatitis was highest on the 21st day after chemotherapy initiation. There were no statistical differences in the status of stomatitis and the levels of oral comfort during treatment periods. Conclusion: Nurses should routinely assess oral cavity and encourage patients to do oral care actively from second to third week after chemotherapy initiation. Also sodium bicarbonate agent can be recommended to for preventing stomatitis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.425-433
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep patterns and predictors of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in university students. Methods: Participants were 120 university students who were attending two universities in S-city and C-city. Data were collected from May 20 to June 15, 2012 using self-report questionnaires which included Johns' Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Yi's Sleep Quality Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were digitalized and analyzed using frequency, percentages, means and standard deviations, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression with SAS 9.0. Results: Mean total sleep time was 6.6 hours on weekdays, 8.1 hours on weekends. Mean sleep latency was 19.1 minutes and the score for mean sleep quality was 22.6. Prevalence of EDS was 12.5%. Depression was significantly different between EDS and Non-EDS students (t=2.17, p=.030). Multiple logistic regression showed that the only factor associated with EDS was depression (adjusted odds ratio of depression=5.33, 95% Confidence Interval=1.49-19.04). Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that university students experience short sleep time, low sleep quality, and common EDS with depression, suggesting that students with complaints of EDS should be completely assessed for depression as well as sleep problems.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.748-754
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on pain level, blood pressure, pulse rate, sleep, anxiety and depression of patients with pain. This study used a non equivalent quasi-experimental design. Aromatherapy was the inhalation of blending oils with lavender, eucalyptus, peppermint for 3 weeks. As the estimation for the physiological aspect, the visual analogy scale (VAS) for the pain level, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured. Also, as the estimation for the psychological aspect, Sleep of Snyder-Halpern & Verra, anxiety of Spielbeger and depression of Beck were used. The data were analyzed by SAS program using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, Cronbach ${\alpha}$ and t-test. The results of this study were as follows. Pain level(p=0.001), state anxiety(p=0.018), trait anxiety(p=0.002), and depression(p<0.001) improved significantly in the experimental group. Also, there was significant difference between the experimental group and the control group on the depression(p=0.012). Aromatherapy was effective in physiological and psychological therapy. Also it can be applied in combination with existing Oriental medical therapy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

This paper is to induce design floods through L-moment with 3 and 4 parameter Kappa distributions including test of independence by Wald-Wolfowitz, homogeneity by Mann-Whitney and outlier by Grubbs-Beck on annual maximum flood flows at 9 water level gaging stations in Han, Nakdong and Geum Rivers of South Korea. After analyzing appropriateness of the data of annual maximum flood flows by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 3 and 4 Kappa distributions were applied and the appropriateness was judged. The parameters of 3 and 4 Kappa distributions were estimated by L-moment method and the design floods by water level gaging station was calculated. Through the comparative analysis using the relative root mean square errors (RRMSE) and relative absolute errors (RAE) calculated by 3 and 4 parameter Kappa distributions with 4 plotting position formulas, the result showed that the design floods by 4 parameter Kappa distribution with Weibull and Cunnane plotting position formulas are closer to the observed data than those obtained by 3 parameter Kappa distribution with 4 plotting position formulas and 4 parameter Kappa distribution with Hazen and Gringorten plotting position formulas.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.261-273
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to introduce effects of Chukyu pharmacopuncture and Brainspotting on knee pain, headaches, and acute stress disorder of a patient with a traffic accident. We treated a patient with Chukyu pharmacopuncture and Brainspotting. Numerical rating scale (NRS), Range of Motion (ROM), Hyperextension Position (HEP), Effusion (Eff), Patella Compression Test (PCT), Frontal Flexion Position (FFP), McMurray (MCM), Lateral Joint Line Tenderness (LJLT), Medial Joint Line Tenderness (MJLT), Anterior Drawer Test (ADT), Lachman Test, Varus/Valgus stress, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Core Seven Emotions Inventory Short Form (CSEI-S), Subjective units of disturbance scale (SUDs), and Heart rate variability (HRV) were used to evaluate the patient. After the patient was treated by Chukyu pharmacopuncture and Brainspotting, the patient showed improvement in NRS, physical examination, and psychological symptom assessment. These results indicate that Chukyu pharmacopuncture and Brainspotting are effective on knee pain, headache, and acute stress disorder after a traffic accident.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

Purpose: Alcohol use in South Korean women, particularly college students, is increasing. Women are more vulnerable than men to alcohol use, which puts them at greater risk of physical and psychosocial problems. Some studies have reported that on failing to find meaning in life, many South Korean college students experience depression, subsequently using alcohol as a coping mechanism. This study aimed to develop a logotherapeutic program and identify its effects on meaning in life, depression, and problem drinking among female college students. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental trial. The participants were female college students who scored over 8 in the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Twenty-four students were assigned to the experimental group and twenty-three to the control group. Three scales were used in this study: the Purpose in Life test, Beck Depression Inventory, and AUDIT. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test in SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: After the conclusion of the logotherapeutic program, the level of meaning in life and depression were more greatly improved in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusion: The logotherapeutic program is an effective method to help female college students find meaning in life and reduce depression in this population.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare psychosocial characteristics of the functional gastrointestinal disorders FGID group, non-FGID group, and control group and determine factors affecting the QOL of patients with FGID. Methods : 135 patients diagnosed with FGID were selected. 79 adults had no observable symptoms of FGID (control group) and 88 adults showed symptoms of FGID (non-FGID group). Demographic factors were investigated. The Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-II, Korean-Beck Anxiety Inventory, Korean-Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and WHO Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form were used to assess psychosocial factors. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare differences among groups. Pearson correlation test was performed to analyze the correlation of psychosocial factors and QOL of the FGID group. Further, a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine factors affecting the QOL of the FGID group. Results : Between-group differences were not significant in demographic characteristics. Depression (F=48.75, p<0.001), anxiety (F=14.48, p<0.001), somatization (F=24.42, p<0.001) and childhood trauma (F=12.71, p<0.001) were significantly higher in FGID group than in other groups. Social support (F=39.95, p<0.001) and resilience (F=17.51, p<0.001) were significantly lower in FGID group than in other groups. Resilience (β=0.373, p<0.01) was the most important explanatory variable. The explained variance was 47.2%. Conclusions : Significantly more symptoms of depression, anxiety, childhood trauma, and somatization were observed for the FGID group. This group also had less social support, resilience, and quality of life than the non-FGID and control groups. The key factor for quality of life of the FGID group was resilience.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.655-665
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the physical and psychological health status of the homeless in shelters, and to suggest the basic data for caring them. Method: Study subjects were 153 homeless people who were registered in the shelters of Dong-gu, Busan, between September 1st, 2003 and March 15th, 2004. Data on their physical health status were collected by measuring weight and height (BMI), taking X-rays (tuberculosis), testing blood (syphilis, glucose, HBsAb and HBsAb). Psychological health status was measured with Rosenberg's self-esteem scale and Beck's depression scale. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, t-test or F-test using SPSS (Win10.0), at 0=0.05, two tailed test. Results: Mean age was 42.8 years old, high school graduated was 43.8%, and 60.8% didn't have medical benefits. Singles were 47.7%, 34.7% had bad family relationships and 39.2% hoped to live with family, 96.1% had a normal in chest X-ray test, and 96.1% had negative syphilis test 92.2% were negative for hepatitis antigen, 51.0% were antibody, 25.5% had hypertension, and 60.8% had a normal BMI test, and 84.3% had a normal blood sugar test. 39.2% were severely depressed, and 75.8% had a normal self-esteem level. Conclusion: Physical health status of the homeless was relatively good. However, depression levels were high and self-esteem was low. Therefore, it is necessary to take an action to improve the psychological health status for the homeless.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2005

Purpose:We investigated the effect of menopausal duration on cognitive function using adjunctive hormone replacement therapy(HRT) in postmenopausal women with depression. Method:Twelve postmenopausal women with depressive disorder were enrolled. Six patients having menopausal duration of less than 3 years was assigned to the short duration group and six patients of more than 3 years to the long duration group. Each patient was treated with conjugated equine estrogen(1.25mg) plus medroxyprogesterone(5mg) for 8 weeks. Cognitive performance was measured by the Verbal Memory Test, Visual Memory Test, Trail Making Test, Digit Symbol Test, and Attention Shift Test. The Beck Depression Inventory was used for evaluation of depressed mood. The reproductive hormone levels were also measured. Results:The long duration group showed the lower performance only in Trail Making Test B compared with the short duration group at baseline. After 8 weeks, the long duration group performed significantly better in the Trail Making Test B compared with the short duration group. The differences in change of depressive mood and gonadal hormone level between two groups were not significant. Conclusion:Menopausal duration before HRT may influence the effect of estrogen on cognition in some cognitive domains. This might be related with estrogen receptor hypersensitivity which induced by the longer estrogen deficiency.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and safely of Hwangryunhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture (HHT-PA) therapy on post-stroke depression (PSD) in stroke patients. Methods : Fifteen PSD patients has been recruited and evaluated with liver function test (LFT) and renal function lest (RFT) and depression scales, Beck Depress ion Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) before and after HHT-PA treatment. Results : HAM-D score significantly decreased after HHT-PA treatment regard less of improving of motor function. But BDI score did not decrease significantly. All results of LFT and RFT were in normal range before and after HHT-PA treatment Conclusion : These results showed that HHT-PA decrease PSD symptoms and has safety on stroke patients, although has no effect on improving of motor impairment.