• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

This study has attempted to figure out differences between emotional labor and psychosocial stress by occupation-related variables against hairdressing industry workers. For this, a total of 191 hairdressers in Busan were examined using emotional labor scale and psychosocial stress scale. The survey was conducted from July 1 to 30, 2011 using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's test. Then, the following results were obtained: First, according to analysis on difference in emotional labor by occupation-related variables, difference was found by monthly income in 'control of emotion' category. In terms of 'emotional dissonance,' difference was observed by job title and monthly income. In 'positive expression of emotions,' difference was detected by monthly income and number of off-days per month. Second, according to analysis on difference in psychosocial stress by occupation-related variables, differences were found by age, job title, education, work experience, monthly income, working hours and number of off-days per month. According to the analysis above, monthly income is related with both emotional labor and psychosocial stress among occupation-related variables.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8585-8595
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• 2015

This study was implemented to amass and analyze the data from 500 Seoul district beauty shop workers, which came from the use of the SPSS18.0. The statistical analysis was conducted through frequency for demographic characteristics, validity for factors analysis by using Varimax rotation, and reliability for Cronbach's alpha coefficient.. Also, the analysis was once again analyzed through the Pearson correlation coefficient, where our hypothesis was proven through regression analysis. Our research results have shown that, first, job satisfaction and job performance differed over matters like gender, age, education level, employment conditions, job category, overall work experience, daily work hours, and monthly income. Second, job satisfaction was shown to have a significant influence on job performance, where higher job satisfaction levels led to higher job performance. Thus, job satisfaction was a great factor to increase job performance by fulfilling their needs level. Also, they would act more positive and future-oriented when they have special needs like motivate achievement, wage, promotion, and reward. Therefore, managerial staff should continually develop any programs in order to upgrade beautician's job performance through their job satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4025-4035
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine the musculoskeletal symptoms and its association with sociodemographic and health related characteristics, job-related characteristics and occupational stress among manufacturing workers. The self-administered questionnaires were given to 856 male workers in randomly selected 62 work places with 50 or less employees in manufacturing industries during the period from October 1st, 2011 to November 30th, 2011. Complaint rates of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms was 82%. In logistic regression analysis, significant factors related with musculoskeletal symptoms were marital status, BMI, subjective health status, alcohol drinking, job position, job tenure, experience of sick absence and visiting out-patient department. In conclusion, the study results suggested that the complain rates of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of workers in work places of manufacturing industries with 50 or less employees were higher than workers in a large enterprise or the small and medium enterprises and it was related with sociodemographic and health related characteristics, job-related characteristics and occupational stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5610-5620
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the levels of job stress, as well as its association with psychosocial factors (type A behavior pattern, locus of control, and self-esteem). Self-administered questionnaires were given to 634 clerical public officers in the C Provincial Office between February 18 and Mar. 10, 2013. As a result, the job stress levels of the subjects was significantly different according to age, sex, educational level, marital status, job position, job career, satisfaction in job life, smoking, alcohol drinking, sleeping time, type A behavior pattern, locus of control, and self-esteem. Regarding the correlation of job stress and psychosocial factors, the level of job demand was negatively correlated with the internal locus of control. The decision latitude was negatively correlated with the type A behavior pattern, internal locus of control and self-esteem. Supervisor support was negatively correlated with the external locus of control. In hierarchial multiple regression analysis, the affecting factors to the job stress selected variables, such as age, subjective health status, job position, overtime work, experience of sick absence, satisfaction in work, sleeping time, leisure time, visiting out-patient department, type A behavior pattern, locus of control, and self-esteem, and the explanatory powers of these factors was 32.1%. In particular, the factors related to the psychosocial factors (type A behavior pattern, locus of control, self-esteem) were strongly related to the job stress, increasing the explanation of factors up to 15.0%.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to affect health improvement of adolescent, to understand behavioral causes follow adolescent's drug abuse, to understand recovery and rehabilitaton process of adolescent drug abuser. The data are collected through open questionnaire and interview of 25 adolescents from the experienced drug abuse 16 students(male 8, female 8) in two vocational high schools and admissing adolescents 9 person in Alcohol-Drug Addiction Care Centre in Seoul from June 28th to August 31st, 1994. The collected data are arranged and explained through categorizing method stated contents about motives, causes, experiences and effected behaviors for using the drugs of drug abuser adolescents. DRUG USING MOTIVATION They are almost first son and daughter in their family. In their conversation person, male converses to their mother well, but female does not converse to their parents include family. Both groups respond positively to companionship and attitude to other, but negatively to self-confidence and actualizing attitude. They hope always peace of family and want to do their best for their life. In school group, hard and difficult things are school life and family problems, also using the drugs for resolving the them. About drug using behaviors, male responds to bad habbit and shamfull, but female is unconcerned with drug using attitude. The first background of drug using, male gets to use because of curiosity and to be induced from friends or seniors, but female gets to use for feminine beauty(thin body) and escape from reality. Used the drugs, male uses frequently Bond, Butane-Gas among inhalation materials and also marijuana, but female uses various diuretics. The times of drug using, both groups repond to use during the chaging of emotion or filling with stress. The place of drug using, both groups take drugs in vacant houses or in the mountain. The frequency of drug using, they use almost once in a day and they use mostly alone or drug user in friends. Experienced mental changing after drug using, which is fantasy, ecstasy, anxiety and suicidal feeling, and experienced physical changing after drug using, which is elevating sense, headach, abdominal pain, dyspnea and chaging of skin colour and reddish. They coincide with inconvenience feeling due to drug using. RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION PROCESS OF DRUG USING ADOLESCENTS The reason for reforming drug using behavior and attitude, both groups respond to reforming for oneself and social life. The difficult things during the stop to using drugs, all of them responed to family problems, friends problems and temptation and impulse. As for stop to using drug, they need good advise, understandable attitude and family love. But they do not need to be stigmatized, scolding, over protect and ridicule of friends. Also they entreat continuous understanding, advise, concern and the method for resolving stress. For the friends to want to use the drug, they will talk about the stories of their personal experiences and for the friends to stop to using the drug, they will consider for them how to stop. From the theses results, drug users understand personal problems due to drug using, and consider about why to stop and how to stop. Also drug users need to resolve the family problems, personal problems, stress and temptations or impulses. Accordingly this paper suggests that drug users in adolescents need understandable and acceptable atitudes, loving and tenderness, continuous advice and concern, and hopes for life.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2009

American Psychiatric Association defined hwa-byung as a unique mental illness of Korea, a kind of anger syndrome. This illness caused by the Korean culture is more often found on women than men, especially middle-aged women. The cause of hwa-byung mainly depends on the traditional family structure of Korea formed by Confucianism. Other causes that many middle-aged women suffer from hwa-byung are that their low education level originated in their wrong-recognized position in society and poverty in the past makes them not to be able to control their minds effectively(social psychological factor), and that they get stressed and depressed because of loss of their position in the family after their children leave home and the menopause which hurts their feminine beauty (physiological factor). So, this program aims at letting them to; 1) experience catharsis of the negative feelings which causes hwa-byung by expressing in psychodrama, 2) ease the symptoms of hwa-byung by relaxing their mind, 3) understand themselves through sharing their feelings and thinking at the group level, 4) acquire the opportunities to stabilize and expand their role in their real lives through the role playing.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.457-469
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to evaluate students and optometrist in the importance and difficulty of work capability, and the educational needs for optometric duty in order to use them as basic data for the improvement of the curriculum. Methods: 292 ophthalmic optic's college students and 123 optometrists were surveyed in the importance and difficulty of work capability, and the educational needs for the optometric duty, and data was statistically analyzed for the results. Results: The mean of the importance of work capability was higher for the optometrists (3.61) than for the students (3.51) and glasses dispensing was the highest for both students and optometrists. The mean of the difficulty of work capability was higher for the students (2.75) than for the optometrists (2.67), which was the highest in refraction for the students and in prescription for the optometrists. The mean of educational needs was higher for the optometrists (3.53) than for the students (3.45), which was the highest in glasses dispensing for the students and highest in refraction for the optometrists. There were significant differences in some tasks in between the students by gender, grade and desired working place, while between the optometrists by gender, age, work experience, working place and working area (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is necessary to improve a curriculum of the Department of Opthalmic Optics, and develop a standard curriculum reflected the importance and the difficulty of work capability, and the educational needs regarding to optometric duty.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.47-63
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• 2001

"A Variation of Love" is a characteristic Kim Soo-Young poem, in that it embodies the poet′s innovative use of language and proceeds speedily, like many of his other poems. Above all, the poem reveals the core of Kim′s poetical spirit, his speculation about love. The poem is difficult to understand because it broadly uses run-on lines and even run-on stanzas, a technique that many readers are unfamiliar with. The semiological approach of this paper will bring new light on the poem by restructuring the relationship between signs, that is, by taking apart the sign system of the original text and reconstructing its sentence structure. If we rearrange the poem from its original six stanzas and fifty-one lines to four stanzas and twenty-three lines, we will discover a close connection between stanzas 1 and 2, and between stanzas 3 and 4. Of the many keywords of the poem, we may establish the dominant word as "love," into which every poetic word converges and from which each word emanates. Another important keyword is "fatigue of the city" in stanza 4. Similarly negative aspects of the city may be found in the line "the same may be said of Bombay, of New York, of Seoul" in stanza 3, as well as in the words "desire" in combination with "the lamplights of Seoul like leftovers in the pig sty" in stanza 1. The persona of the poem tries to overcome the "fatigue of the city" by "love," but the way he realizes love is, somewhat peculiarly, through stillness and silence. The persona aligns "the stones of the peach and the apricot and the dried persimmon" with the his faith in love. He calls the stones "beautiful hardness" presumably because that hardness (the stillness and silence) may blossom into beauty. In the earlier stanzas, the persona′s quest for love results in an awareness that love is omnipresent, but the persona determines "not to shout it out loud." The reason for this determination is found in stanza 4. Those who experience the "fatigue of the city" will be able to realize it by themselves. This seemingly defeatist conclusion by no means suggest pessimism, for the persona holds the conviction that "there will come a day when [one] will rave for love." This conviction rescues the poem from the dismal mood suggested by the "fatigue of the city." At all events, it is important to note that the "fatigue of the city" should not be considered apart from "love." Yet, strangely enough, the poem embodies a severe critique of the city, and further investigation is necessary in order to clarify why this critique appears in the form of "love." But this will be the treated in another paper.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2020

This study is a descriptive research for understanding the health behaviors, job stress, and musculoskeletal subjective symptoms of university employees, and also for examining the influence factors having effects on the musculoskeletal subjective symptoms. Targeting total 158 university employees, the data was collected from July to August 2020. In the results of this study, the characteristics related to health behaviors showed the percentages like the rate of drinking(68.6%), rate of smokers(9.6%), rate of exercising three times or more a week(15.4%), and the rate of regular eating habit(64.7%). The mean score of job stress was 63.7. The musculoskeletal disease symptom group falling under the occupational musculoskeletal subjective symptom standard of NIOSH was 18.6%, and the musculoskeletal subjective symptom of shoulders showed the highest rate. Also, the 29.5% of research subjects responded that the cause for their musculoskeletal pain was work. As the factors having effects on the musculoskeletal subjective symptoms, the sex, age, career experience, and job stress had significant effects on the subjective symptom of shoulder part(p<.01) while the regular exercise had significant effects on the subjective symptom of waist(p<.05). The educational background and regular meals had significant effects on the subjective symptom of legs and knees(p<.05). Thus, in order to prevent the musculoskeletal diseases of university employees, it would be necessary to develop/apply the programs for the relief of job stress, regular exercise, and regular meals.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the differences and satisfaction of each purchase behavior by classifying cosmeceutical and medical cosmetics. A total of 861 questionnaires were distributed to males in their 20s to 50s (from 1 march 2017). A total of 446 respondents with experience using cosmeceutical cosmetics and medical cosmetics used as the final analysis material. According to the study, the term recognition for cosmeceutical cosmetics and medical cosmetics was very low. The differences in each purchase behavior were not statistically significant. but cosmeceutical cosmetic products have been found to have a significant impact on quality, price, container design, and service satisfaction among purchase preference factors (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), In particular, it was found that satisfaction with quality was the greatest. Medical cosmetics have been found to have a significant positive (+) effect on brand image, price, and container design among purchase preference factors (p<0.01, p<0.001), It was also found to have the biggest satisfaction with the brand image. Based on the results of this study, The features of cosmeceutical cosmetics and medical cosmetics are subdivided. It has been deemed necessary to develop differentiated products according to each purchase behavior and preference.