• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.60
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• pp.57-68
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• 2006

This study was designed to provide basic data on preventive plans by affecting factors that have analysed on musculoskeletal diseases. The survey were conducted from July 1 to 30, 2004 among 600 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gwangju using self-administration questionnaire. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The pain experience rate of musculoskeletal diseases. in the last one yea was 55.2%. 35.7% of respondents answered they had pain on shoulders, 30.6% had pain on legs and feet, 28.9% had pain on waist, 26.8% had hands, fingers and wrist, 22.3% had pain on necks and 17.6% had pain arms and elbows more than disease on necks, shoulders, arms and elbows, hands, fingers and wrists, waist, shoulders legs and feet. The prevalence rate of the last week was 40.3%. The prevalence rate in each body parts of the last week was 23.3% on legs and feet, 21.2% on shoulders, 20.8% on waist, 14.9% on hands, fingers and wrists, 14.4% on necks, 9.3% on arms. The affecting factors on musculoskeletal disease index were analysed by multiple linear regression analysis. there are working posture$(\beta=0.27)$; authority of task$(\beta=0.18)$, self-conscious stress $(\beta=0.16)$, age$(\beta=0.14)$, physical burden from work$(\beta=0.13)$, and task required$(\beta=0.10)$. Determinant coefficients was 22.7%. Based on the results above, working posture, job stress and physical burden from task are highly related with pain. In order to prevent musculoskeletal disease of hairdressers, working posture shall be improved and leisure opportunities to relieve stress, and health management education shall be provided.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.11-22
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• 2008

The goal of this study is to provide beauticians with the fundamental material to use effectively heat permanent wave in beauty industry as well as their customer's satisfaction. It carried out an experiment with damaged hair of a woman in her late twenties to investigate the change of physical and morphological characteristics by its water content when performing heat permanent wave. After spreading 0g, 1g, 2g, 3g, and 4g of water on damaged hair respectively, heat permanent wave was treated and the change of hair was observed. The change of physical characteristic was compared through permanent wave form of hair, tensile strength and elongation. The change of morphological characteristic was observed through Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM). The result of experiment on the physical specificity revealed that permanent wave form was the most ideal when the water content was 2g, also 3g. Though the materials with much moisture content formed the results were not satisfied. The material with 0g of water content didn't make the wave. In terms of tensile strength and elongation, tensile strength was generally reduced as per the damaged degree of hair. On the contrary, elongation was increased. It observed the changes of morphological characteristic that the damage on hair cuticle was deepen, as its moisture content was decreased, and cuticle's surface was worn away. The observation of fine structure on hair section by transmission electronic microscope also certainly showed the result that damaged hair having experience with chemical treatment had got much damaged to hair cuticle as well as hair cortex. Generally chemical treatment makes hair damaged. Under consideration of this aspect, the ultimate goal of this thesis is to minimize the damage of hair caused by chemical treatment and get the satisfaction on the hair style. According to the result of experiment, the damaged hair whose moisture content was 3g showed the best permanent wave form.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2009

The purpose of this GWP project was two-fold:(1) to launch an organizational culture improvement for great workplace (2) to improve the perception of nursing personnel on communication and team work in a surgical nursing department of a teaching hospital in Seoul. Using one group pretest-posttest design, nursing personnel's perception on organizational culture related to communication and team work was evaluated. A 10-item, 5-point scale (1.5) survey was administered to 209 nursing personnel in January 2009 and again to 191 nursing personnel in October 2009. From January 2009, AMANNA team has taken activities focused on trust, pride, and fun. AMANNA is an abbreviation of Korean language, which means wonderful meeting and sharing in English. Monthly activities are as follows: choral concerts by nurse managers, welcome and farewell events, praising members for their services, explaining current circumstances, etc. Special activities are as follows: a New Year's greeting party, a spring picnic, beauty classes, a lecture on drug administration, cultural lectures using videos, and presentations of academic posters and another activity. The reliability of measurement was Cronbach's ${\alpha}$: 0.917(pretest), 0.954(posttest). Most nursing personnel's perception on organizational culture was improved (pretest mean=3.50 and posttest mean=3.78, p<.001). "A sense of belonging" showed the greatest improvement among the 10 items(3.18 vs. 3.56, p<.001). "Trust each other" showed the highest score (mean=3.98) in posttest. Frequency of participation and satisfaction showed a significant relationship(r=0.179, p=.021). We believe that this project has made a contribution towards a positive organizational culture. The keys to this initiative's preliminary success have been the leadership support and flexibility in implementing the interventions tailored to the hospital.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze actual status of foreign patients who visited hospital of Korean medicine and suggest developmental direction of korean medical tourism. Methods : This study includes 675 foreign patients who visited spine-specialized hospital of Korean medicine from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012. Based on computerized medical records, patients' age, gender, country, date of initial and last visit, chief complaint, treatment period and species of treatment were collected. These data were used for analyzation of actual condition of medical tourism at hospital of Korean medicine. Results : A total of 675 foreign patients visited spine-specialized hospital of Korean medicine. 395 patients(59 %) were female and the forties was the most common by ages. Patients from Japan were the most common followed by Russia and United States of America. Patients visited hospital 5.1 times during 27.4 days in average. There were 526 cases of spinal pain and only 52 cases were non-musculoskeletal disease. The most frequently performed treatment was general acupuncture treatment while moxibustion and bee venom acupuncture were remarkably infrequently treated. Conclusions : The result of this study suggests potential possibility of development of Korean medical tourism focused on disease cure as well as current trend of beauty and Korean medical experience at the Korean medical tourism field.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 1998

A study on skin care was conducted in order to develop proper skin care program and disseminate the Information to the consumers. The study was performed from October 2, 1997 though April 30 1997 by using questionnaires. The subjects were 1,793 from lug cities of Seoul, Pusan and, and 800 from medium and small cities of Kyongsan, Kimchon, Mokpo and KimHae cities. All subjects were females over 20 years. 1. 64.3% of the subjects said that they chose the massage packs after considering their skin condition. 55.1% of the subjects said that they did not know the side effects of the massage packs. 2. 53.3% of the subjects reported that they knew the cause of acne. and 73.3% of the respondents reported that they knew the nature of their body classified by oriental medicine. 3. The average knowledge and attitude was 10.61 :t3.46%( who it is converted to percent, it is 53.1%). The upper limit was 18.9% and lower limit was 19.0%. 4. The factors which are under the influence on knowledge of skin care were the times of massage, education level, the height of subjects, disease of skin, age, the degree of fatty body, the hour of make-up(R2=0.137). 5. The factors which are under the influence on the times of massage were education level, the experience of skin side effect, the status of physic8I health and the birth place of the subjects(R2=0.139). 6. The main factors which had significant effect on the status of face skin health were the status of physical health, economic status, age, the side effect of skin cosmetic, and the hour of make-up(R2=0.140). 7. Finally, it is recommended that training package on side effect of cosmetics, massage, physical characteristics and proper way of make-ups, and the public should be educated on the above mentioned areas.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.509-514
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• 2014

It is said that ceramic arts which reflects the sprit of the age and culture is one of the representative cultural assets in Korea. Ceramic arts has the longest tradition and it has been used in our everyday life from a historical perspective. Unfortunately, most textbooks we use nowadays just show some art works for appreciation. It is impossible to teach unique techniques of ceramic arts with those textbooks. Traditional culture is not considered as a main part of educational contents but surrounding elements. Therefore it is hard for students to learn about our traditional culture deeply and it is also difficult to know the importance of the ceramic arts in secondary schools. Through the education of ceramic arts students can understand our traditional culture and they can also experience the formative arts by using plane and dimensional techniques. Teachers have to focus on historical background, types, functions, and sense of beauty of ceramic arts when they teach students in school. Students can use the knowledge in their daily lives. The education of ceramic arts encourage students to create new culture for ceramic arts.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2011

Women starts to make up after high school graduation. They have low economic power. But they select cosmetics by themselves and have high demand. Therefore, they can be major customers of low-priced cosmetics and it can be regarded as independent cosmetics market. Thus, this study analyzes the purchasing propensity of lowpriced cosmetics in female undergraduates, who are main targets of low-priced cosmetics, satisfies the more customers desire through further segmenting the targets, suggests a continuous developmental plan for low-priced cosmetics through securing potential customers and segmenting market, and analyzes and typologizes female undergraduates lifestyle. The aim is to grasp the actual condition of using the low-priced cosmetics and the satisfaction with purchase, and to utilize it as basic date of inducing right consumption culture of female undergraduates. For this study, 305 reliable questionnaires are analyzed from the total 320 questionnaires and spss win 15.0 program was used. The results were as follows. About 90.1 percent of female undergraduates had experience using low-priced cosmetics and standard of priority selection was the quality of low-priced cosmetics. The main reason not to use was low price image.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.204-215
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• 2011

This study was attempted to be a help in estimating changes of men's fashion in sociocultural environment by examining the diversified trends of domestic men's fashion through literature review, fashion collection analysis and questionnaire in various aspects. For data collection in this study, questionnaires were used, and these were corrected and supplemented after preliminary survey for male consumers from September 2009 to March 2010. Among total 460 copies, 431 copies were used in final analysis. First, among typical factors of changes in image of men's fashion, change of sexual role was shown as the most important factor. Contrary to men of the past, modern men are actively taking care of their appearance with changes of social values, which indicates that viewpoints on men have become flexible, such that the image of beauty does not apply just to women. Second, analysis on factors of image changes in men's fashion by age revealed that high mean values were obtained in factors of change of sexual role and trend with difference between groups, and factors of expression of individuality were highly rated without remarkable difference, and aesthetic factors were poorly rated without significance. Third, analysis on preference for formative characteristics of the Metro Sexual showed that feminine materials were negatively rated, and analysis on wearing experience revealed that several items become popular, indicating that wearing experiences are increasing in various areas. This study suggests a new viewpoint of cultural sexual consciousness of the youth that is continuously changing, and is meaningful in understanding emotional and rational lifestyle and cultural style of Metro Sexual, a recent phenomenon of men's fashion.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.34-45
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• 2012

In these days, restaurants are not simply used as a physical space but used as a cultural space in which people can enjoy and experience different cultures and traditional images. Moreover, from the restaurants design elements which help to form the atmosphere of the restaurants which serve food of specific country, we can see the history and traditions of that country. The additional value of the traditional decorative components which are the main factors forming the atmosphere of the restaurant will be different according to the various expressions used in the restaurant space. For this article, 12 restaurants, Norangjugory korean restaurant, Yongsusan korean restaurant, Best well-bing food restaurant, Awoolim, Mugunhwa, Ondal in Korea, and Songhelou, South Beauty, Xuxian restaurant & lounge, Beijing dadong roast duck restaurant, The horizon chinese restaurant, Dynasty jade garden in China, were selected for the field study. This study focused on a comparative analysis of the traditional decorative elements, especially, the application rate of the traditional decorative elements. The analyzed elements are nature, religious beliefs, history and culture for the intangible elements and facade, courtyard, trademark, ground, wall, ceiling, door, window, furniture and adornment for the tangible elements. After that, we analyzed the rates of the use of traditional decorative elements and modern decorative elements. Through the survey result and ratio analysis, we concluded as below. In Korean restaurant, traditionality is expressed in furnitures while, in Chinese restaurant, traditionality is expressed in decorative pattern. When it comes to the intangible elements among the traditional decorative components of the Korean and Chinese restaurants, Chinese and Korean restaurants have similarities in emphasizing the natural elements. Korean restaurants focus much on the environmentally friendly parts, while Chinese restaurants focus much on the fantastic natural atmospheres like those shown and expressed in the poems. As for religion characteristics, Chinese restaurants emphasize "geomancy" more than Korean restaurant. When it comes to the visible elements among the traditional decorative components of the Korean and Chinese restaurants, in Korean restaurants, the interior part has more traditionality than exterior part, while in Chinese restaurants, the exterior part has more traditionality than the interior part.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4756-4763
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• 2011

The purpose of this study to identify Japanese tourist's satisfaction and revisit after they were treated Korean skin care. The questionnaire was administered to 319 Japanese who had experience to take Korean skin care. The result of empirical study were as follows. First, the result of choice property toward the visit-motivation of skin care salon, it has difference by the visit-motivation type. Second, the result of affection on client's satisfaction, choice property is affected client's satisfaction. Third, the choice factor of affection on intention about revisit after skin care is related on facility, image and side-service factor than service and price. Forth, choice property after they visited skin care salon, client's satisfaction is affected revisit.