• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.309-320
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• 2001

This paper deals with security issues in a mobile agent system, especially protecting agent data from malicious agent servers. For this purpose, one-time key generation system, OKGS in short, is proposed. In OKGS, we integrate notions of a one-way hash function and a coupler. One-way function plays a major role in ensuring confidentiality and integrity of agent data. And the notion of a coupler is used to establish inter-relationship among consecutive encryption keys for agent data, i.e. all agent keys form a unidirectional chain. With these two features of OKGS, therefore, only the agent owner, who creates the agent bearing data, can decrypt and protect all the agent data which are gathered in the itinerary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 2011

Purpose: To describe psychosocial adjustment of low-income Koreans who have cancer. Methods: Data were collected during 2008 using individual in-depth interviews with 18 Korean people with cancer. The income status of the participants was low, 11 were recipients of the National Basic Livelihood Protection program. Mean age was 58.3 yr and 11 were female. Five participants had stomach cancer, five, colorectal cancer, and four, breast cancer. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Results: The core category emerged as 'bearing up alone with double suffering'. 'Poverty and cancer: A double suffering' emerged as a causal condition. The adjustment process consisted of three stages: 'forming a treatment will to live', 'practicing for the cure', and 'restructuring self and repaying favors'. Each stage indicated action-interaction strategies which were employed to bear up alone with double suffering during the illness process. Self-reflection, parental responsibility, and support from the public sector played important roles in overcoming the double suffering. Two types of consequences were identified: Transcended life and strained life suppressed by poverty and cancer. Conclusion: The results provide insights into the psychosocial adjustment process for low income Korean with cancer and can be used in developing and implementing efficient home-care services for these people.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.71-87
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• 2020

Objectives Even though the various alternative herbal medicine has applied for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, its scientific proof remains uncertain. The aim of the present study evaluates the effects of Chulbu-tang on inflammatory responses in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rat model. Methods OA rat model was established by MIA injection in intra-joint of rats. 7 days after, OA rats except OA control rats were administrated Chulbu-tang (100 or 200 mg/kg) or Indomathacin (5 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days. The weight-bearing ability of hind paws were measured when group isolation 0, 7, and 14 days. Western blotting was performed to examine the knockdown/overexpressing efficiency of Chulbu-tang. In addition, cartilage destruction was measured histologically. Results Chulbu-tang treatment significantly reduced the protein expressions of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, and inhibited inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 through nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inactivation. Moreover, anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase-1/2 through nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway significantly increased. Our findings indicate that Chulbu-tang has the potential therapeutic effect on OA through inhibiting the inflammatory responses via inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, upregulation of Nrf2 led to anti-oxidant effects. Conclusions Taken together, Chulbu-tang is believed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and cartilage protection for arthritis-causing rats.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.4 s.33
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• pp.649-658
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• 1997

When steel tube as a column is filled with concrete, it is common that the load-bearing capacities of CFST(Concrete Filled Steel Tube) column are increased substantially, And the CFST column can obtain a capacity of fire resistance without any additional detail on the surface of the steel tube for fire protection. In order to clarify the behavior of CFST column during fire occurrence, a theoretical study is performed, that is, a thermal analysis is used to find temperature gradient dependent on the time on the steel tube and the infilled concrete. N-M (axial force-moment) interaction curves are summarized under the consideration for time dependent variation. The material properties of concrete and steel in accordance with a temperature variation are referred to the existing general data. Thermal transient analyses are performed by finite element method through ANSYS and then these results are verified by comparing with the existing test results. On the basis of analytical results, load-carrying capacities (N-M interaction curves) are calculated by numerical analysis method.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum is one of the most severe diseases threatening the production of small grains. Infected grains are often contaminated with mycotoxins such as zearalenone and trichothecences. During survey of contamination by FHB in rice grains, we found a bacterial isolate, designated as BN1, antagonistic to F. graminearum. The strain BN1 had branching vegetative hyphae and spores, and its aerial hyphae often had long, straight filaments bearing spores. The 16S rRNA gene of BN1 had 100% sequence identity with those found in several Streptomyces species. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS regions showed that BN1 grouped with S. sampsonii with 77% bootstrap value, suggesting that BN1 was not a known Streptomyces species. In addition, the efficacy of the BN1 strain against F. graminearum strains was tested both in vitro and in vivo. Wheat seedling length was significantly decreased by F. graminearum infection. However, this effect was mitigated when wheat seeds were treated with BN1 spore suspension prior to F. graminearum infection. BN1 also significantly decreased FHB severity when it was sprayed onto wheat heads, whereas BN1 was not effective when wheat heads were point inoculated. These results suggest that spraying of BN1 spores onto wheat heads during the wheat flowering season can be efficient for plant protection. Mechanistic studies on the antagonistic effect of BN1 against F. graminearum remain to be analyzed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 2016

Weight-bearing building materials are substantially weakened under high temperatures, and this is evident through the collapse of structures once engulfed by fire. Currently, there is no scientific or technological process of evaluating the real-time structural stability of a building whcih is engulfed by flame. There are many building design specifications which aim to reduce the risk of fire, but little consideration given to fire officer safety while operating in a dangerous building. This paper aims to provide direction within building policy in order to ensure the safe evacuation of fire-fighters in case of an impending building collapse. This paper suggests evaluation criteria for buildings which are damaged due to fire, autilizing current information on fire-resistant building design and a fire-resistant capacity.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.129-156
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• 2010

Since the 1970s, international construction employers have commonly requested first demand guarantees upon their contractors as a form of security for due performance of their works. Contractors prefer the greater protection offered by more traditional forms of security requiring presentation of an arbitral award or other evidence of the caller's entitlement to compensation. Many contractors nonetheless feel that they have no alternative but to provide these unconditional guarantees in order to compete. However, these unconditional first demand guarantees are controversial and have given rise to numerous disputes both in arbitration and litigation. Disputes arising from first demand guarantees can be broken down into a) applications to prevent a perceived fraudulent or otherwise unfair or improper calling of a guarantee, b) claims arising from such abusive calls and c) claims relating to the consequences of such calls even if the call itself may not be abusive as such. The contractors should carefully assess the risk of an abusive call being made bearing in mind the difficulties he may face in seeking to prevent such a call. He should also bear in mind the difficulties, delays and cost he is likely to encounter in seeking to recover any monies wrongfully called. One option would be to provide that the call can only be made once and to the extent that the employer's damages have been assessed or even incurred or even for the default to have been established by an arbitral tribunal or court. Another option would be to provide that any call be accompanied by a decision of a competent and impartial third party stating that the contractor is in breach. For example, such a requirement could be incorporated into a construction contract based on the FIDIC Conditions by submitting this decision to a Dispute Adjudication Board. Another option would be to provide for the "ICC Counter-Guarantee Scheme". In sum, there would appear to be room for compromise between the employer and the contractor in respect of first demand guarantees by conditioning the entitlement to call such guarantees to the determination of a competent and impartial third party.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.403-424
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• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity, antimetastatic and radioprotective effects of Kamisasammaekmundongtang(KSMT), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In cytotoxicity against P388, A549 and B16-F10, KSMT was not showed satisfiable cytotoxicity as compared with control. 2. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I, KSMT has strong inhibitory effect. 3. The inhibitory effect on adhesion of A549 to complex extracellular matrix was significantly increased at 0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml of KSMT. 4. The T/C% was 122 in KSMT treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 5. In antiangiogenetic effect on CAM assay, inhibitory rate was 33% in KSMT treated group. 6. In pulmonary colonization assay, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in KSMT treated group as compared with control group. 7. By FACS analysis of splenic leukocyte after exposure to radiation by linear accelerator, T-helper cell, B cell and macrophage in KSMT treated group were significantly increased while splenocytes were decreased in control group. 8. In histological changes of jejunum of $Bald{\setminus}C$ mice after exposure to radiation by linear accelerator, exclusion and fusion of villi were decreased as compared with control group. But in duodenum and ileum, exclusion and fusion of villi were not decreased as compared with control group. 9. WBC, PLT were increased in KSMT treated group as compared with control group after exposure to radiation by linear accelerator, but the increasing effect was not significant. Above results suggest that KSMT may be useful in prevention of cancer metastasis and protection from damage by radiotherapy. But the further study of KSMT would be demanded.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5A
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• pp.685-690
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• 2008

Recently, as large structures become lighter and more flexible, the necessity of structural control for reducing excessive displacement and acceleration due to seismic excitation is increased. As a means to minimize seismic damages, various base isolation systems are adopted or considered for adoption. In this study, a base isolation system using hysteretic damper is shown to effectively protect structures against earthquakes. A mechanical model is determined that can effectively portray the behavior of a typical E-shape device. Comparison with experimental results for a hysteretic damper indicates that the model is accurate over a wide range of operating conditions and adequate for analysis. The seismic performance of hysteretic dampers are studied and compared with the conventional systems as a base isolation system. A five-story building is modeled and the seismic performance of the systems subjected to three different earthquake is compared. The results show that the hysteretic damper system can provide superior protection than the other systems for a wide range of ground motions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.533-546
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• 2023

Cost-effective solutions provided by composite construction are gaining popularity which, in turn, promotes the appearance on the market of new types of composite sections that allow not only to take advantage of the synergy of steel and concrete working together at room temperature, but also to improve their behaviour at high temperatures. When combined with high performance materials, significant load-bearing capacities can be achieved even with reduced cross-sectional dimensions. Steel-reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular (SR-CFST) columns are one of these innovative composite sections, where an open steel profile is embedded into a CFST section. Besides the renowned benefits of these typologies at room temperature, the fire protection offered by the surrounding concrete to the inner steel profile, gives them an enhanced fire performance which delays its loss of mechanical capacity in a fire scenario. The experimental evidence on the fire behaviour of SR-CFST columns is still scarce, particularly when combined with high performance materials. However, it is being much needed for the development of specific design provisions that consider the use of the inner steel profile in CFST columns. In this work, a new experimental program on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of SR-CFST columns is presented to extend the available experimental database. Ten SR-CFST stub columns, with circular and square geometries, combining high strength steel and concrete were tested. It was seen that the circular specimens reached higher failure times than the square columns, with the failure time increasing both when high strength steel was used at the embedded steel profile and high strength concrete was used as infill. Finally, different proposals for the reduction coefficients of high performance materials were assessed in the prediction of the cross-sectional fire resistance of the SR-CFST columns.