• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bear

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Pattern Extraction of EMG Signal of Spinal Cord Injured Patients via Multiscaled Nonlinear Processing (다중스케일 비선형 처리를 통한 척수 손상 환자의 근전도 신호 패턴 추출)

  • Lee, Y. S.;Lee, J.;Kim, H. D.;Park, I. S.;Ko, H. Y.;Kim, S. H.
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.249-257
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    • 2001

  • The voluntary contracted EMG signal of spinal cord injured patients is very small because the information from central nervous system is not sufficiently transmitted to $\alpha$ motor neuron or muscle fiber. Therefore the acquisited EMG signal from needle or surface electrodes can not be identified obvious voluntary contraction pattern by muscle movement. In this paper we propose the extraction technique of voluntary muscle contraction and relaxation pattern from EMG signal of spinal cord injured patient whose EMG signal is composed of the linear sum of mo색 unit action potentials with two noise sources, additive noise assumed to be white Gaussian noise and high frequency discharge assumed to be not motor unit action potential but impulsive noise. In order to eliminate impulsive noise and additive noise from voluntary contracted EMG signal, we use the FatBear filter which is a nonarithmetic piecewise constant filter, and multiscale nonlinear wavelet denoising processing, respectively. The proposed technique is applied to the EMG signal acquisited from transverse myelitis patients to extract voluntary muscle contraction pattern.

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A Study on Determination and Allocation of Arbitration Costs in ICC Rules of Arbitration(1998) (ICC중재에서 중재비용의 결정과 할당에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Won-Suk
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.33
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    • pp.145-164
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    • 2007

  • The Arbitration costs provided in Article 31 consist of arbitrators' fees, arbitrators' expenses, ICC administrative expenses, expenses of experts appointed by the Arbitral Tribunal, and parties' costs. Among them the first three items are independently determined by the Court in accordance with the Scale, while another two items are determined by the arbitrator and each party. The three items determined by the Court are communicated by Secretariat to the Arbitral Tribunal for inclusion in the award following the approval of the draft submitted to the Court. Also the final award may decide which of the parties shall bear them or in what proportion they shall be borne by the parties. According to Article 31(3), the arbitrators have complete jurisdiction or discretion to allocate the costs. Three common approaches are as follows; First, all of the costs are borne by the losing party. Second, all of the costs are allocated in proportion to the outcome of the case. Third, all of the costs determined by the Courts are shared equally by the parties and both parties bear their own costs. But, both parties may include intentions in accordance with the principle of party autonomy. For example, if the parties wish to ensure that the arbitration costs be shared equally and that the arbitrator make no allocation of costs or fees, the following sentence could be added to the arbitration clause in their contract. "All costs and expenses of the arbitrators [and the arbitral institution] shall be borne by the parties equally; each party shall bear the costs and expenses, including attorneys' fees, of its own counsel, experts, witness and preparation and presentation of its case" And also, if the parties wish expressly to link any allocation of costs, and fees to the result of the award the following could be added to the arbitration clauses. "The arbitrators may award to the prevailing party, if any, as determined by the arbitrators, its costs and expenses, including attorneys' fees"

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A Study on the Transformation Motif in Animations (애니메이션의 변신(變身) 모티프 연구)

  • Cho, Mi-Ra
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.11
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    • pp.153-167
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    • 2007

  • This paper examined the immanent ideological bases in the transformation motif of animations, focusing on several leading animation works in which a human gets transformed into an animal, or vice versa, and also took a look at what meaning and function this transformation motif adds to their narrative. As a result of analyzing the animation texts centered on the transformation motif, transforming into an animal in is applied as a means for punishment. It shows the notion that the animals need men's care, that is, the anthropocentric point of view that the animals need to be overcome and conquered had a strong influence upon this work. However, in , a boy realizes that the animals(nature) are not the targets to conquer and learns to appreciate the principle of Mother Nature through the process of becoming a bear. By this description, this work shows deep reflection on nature and human being. Lastly, shows a desire to overpass the border to forbidden things, and describes the relationship between men and animals(nature) in a variety of perspectives. Furthermore, this study examined how the variety of attitudes toward the transformation targets is formed in each work.

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The Maritime Education & Training at CMA (CMA 해기사 교육제도에 관한 고찰)

  • Choi Min-Seon;Park Jin-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.11 no.2 s.23
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 2005

  • This paper presents the maritime education and training at CMA. There are two kinds of Federal Maritime Academies, i.e. U. S. Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) and U. S. Coast Guard Academy, which are supported by federal government and six State Maritime Academies operated by each state. CMA is a unique campus of the California State University(CSU). A specialized education combining classroom instruction, hands-on experience and professional development prepare students for a successful career in international business and logistics, maritime policy, engineering, technology or in the maritime and transportation industries. All students of CMA, under licensed faculty supervision, learn and train aboard the Training Ship Golden Bear during a two-month training cruise in their first year at CMA. Second-year students participate in a land-based cooperative, or sail on a commercial cruise or the Training Ship GOLDEN BEAR depending on their major. Third-year maritime licensing option students take a final cruise on the training ship, while other students participate in an additional land-based cooperative. In their senior year, students take license exams to complete graduation requirements.

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