• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.240-247
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to determine the levels of lead and cadmium as found in nine agricultural products (n = 578) sold in Korea, and to estimate the risk to human health that is summarily associated with their intake. The concentrations of Pb and Cd were measured using an ICP-MS after microwave digestion in this study. The average contents of Pb and Cd were measured as 0.014 and 0.017 mg/kg for barley, 0.006 and 0.005 mg/kg for mung bean, 0.008 and 0.007 mg/kg for kidney bean, 0.010 and 0.004 mg/kg for green bean, 0.008 and 0.001 mg/kg for pineapple, 0.016 and 0.002 mg/kg for apricot, 0.015 and 0.002 mg/kg for Japanese apricot, 0.021 and 0.002 mg/kg for plum and 0.019 and 0.003 mg/kg for jujube, respectively. The levels of Pb and Cd in the study samples were less than the maximum residual levels established by the European Union (EU), CODEX, and the Korea Food Code. As we have seen, the daily dietary exposures of Pb and Cd from these agricultural products for the general population were noted as 0.067% of PTWI ($25{\mu}g/kg$ b.w./week) and 0.28% of PTMI ($25{\mu}g/kg$ b.w./month), respectively. In line with the study conclusions, these results suggest that the current dietary intakes of Pb and Cd from these agricultural products in Korea have no appreciable risk effects on health for humans as noted in this experiment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.90-98
• /
• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a milling by-product diet and two sugar cane diets on the local Creole pig breed (CR). A total of 48 CR pigs (24 females and 24 castrated males) were randomly assigned to four different groups of 12 animals. Pigs were allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments: fed with a control soya-bean meal-corn diet containing 19.1% crude protein (CP) and 15.4 MJ DE/kg (diet 1), with an experimental milling by-product diet (soya-bean meal and wheat by-products) containing 19.4% CP and 13.0 MJ DE/kg (diet 2), with ground cane stalks (GCS) or with fresh sugar cane juice (SCJ). Both GCS and SCJ were supplemented with soya-bean meal complement (400 g/d of a 48.7% CP and 16.1 MJ DE/kg diet) in order to obtain diets 3 and 4, respectively. Pigs were fed close to ad libitum level and had free access to water. All the pigs were slaughtered at 65 kg BW. Between 30 and 65 kg BW, growth performance was significantly (p<0.001) affected by dietary treatments: average daily BW gain was 657, 530, 546 and 200 g/d for diets 1, 2, 4, and 3, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 1.8, 1.9, 2.5 and 1.4 kg/d for diets 1, 2, 4, and 3, respectively. Fat cuts (backfat+leaf fat) and backfat thickness were significantly lower on diet 3 than for other treatments (127 vs. 192, 166 g/kg of left half-carcass weight and 24.6 vs. 39.0, 35.3 mm for diet 3 vs. diets 1 and 4, and diet 2, respectively; p<0.001). The dressing weight was significantly lower on diets 2 (82.7 vs. 84.0%; p<0.001). The entire empty digestive tract (DT) weight was higher on diet 2 (73.1 vs. 66.7 g/kg empty BW). However, stomach and large intestine were more developed on diet 3: 12.8 vs. 9.3 g/100 g empty DT (p<0.001) and 26.4 vs. 23.8 g/100 g empty DT (p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests the CR pig has the ability to reach rather good growth and carcass performance with a well-formulated sugar cane meal and/or with a milling by-product diet refined according to its low requirements.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.597-603
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of processing conditions (temperature and time) and binding agent types (glutinous rice flour, potato starch, bean flour, and acorn flour) on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ground dried-pork meat product. For this purpose, ground dried-pork meat product was produced by adding several binding agents at different drying temperatures and times. The drying time affected moisture content and water activity in all drying temperature. However, under the similar drying conditions, the extent of drying varied depending on the type of binding agents. The results of sensory evaluation for texture degree and overall acceptability indicated the following: overall, higher drying temperatures and longer drying time heightened the degree of texture, and the overall acceptability varied depending on binding agent type. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics were analyzed to determine any possible correlation. The results revealed a high correlation between moisture content, water activity, shear forces, and sensory evaluation (p<0.01). However, there was no correlation with respect to overall acceptability.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.252-258
• /
• 2011

A bacterial strain capable of hydrolyzing xylan and locust bean gum (LBG) was isolated from farm soil by enrichment culture using mixture of palm kernel meal (PKM) and wheat bran as carbon source. Nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA amplified from the isolate YB-1107 showed high similarity with those of genus Cellulosimicrobium strains. Xylanase productivity was increased when the Cellulosimicrobium sp. YB-1107 was grown in the presence of wheat bran or oat spelt xylan, while mannanase productivity was increased drastically when grown in the presence of PKM or LBG. Particularly, maximum mannanase and xylanase activities were obtained in the culture filtrate of media containing 0.7% PKM or 1% wheat bran, respectively. Both enzyme activities were produced at stationary growth phase. Mannanase from the culture filtrate showed the highest activity at $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5. Xylanase activity was optimal at $65^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5. The predominant products resulting from the mannanase or xylanase hydrolysis were oligosaccharides for LBG or xylan, respectively. In addition, the enzymes could hydrolyze wheat bran and rice bran into oligosaccharides.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.103-117
• /
• 2021

The severe effects of climate change, such as global warming and the El Niño phenomenon, have become more prevalent. In recent years, natural disasters such as drought, heavy rain, and typhoons have taken place, resulting in noticeable damage. Korea is affected by droughts that cause damage to rice fields and crops. Societal interest in droughts is growing, and measures are urgently needed to address their impacts. As the demand for high-quality agricultural products expands, farmers have become more interested in water management, and the demand for field irrigation is increasing. Therefore, we investigated water demand in the irrigation of drought-vulnerable crops. Specifically, we determined the water requirements for crops including cabbage, red pepper, apple, and bean in four regions by calculating the consumptive water use (evapotranspiration), effective rainfall, and irrigation capacity. The total consumptive water use (crop evapotranspiration) estimates for Dangjin-si (cabbage), Yesan-gun (apple), Cheongyang-gun (pepper) in Chungnam, and Goesan-gun (bean) in Chungbuk were 33.5, 206.4, 86.1, and 204.5 mm, respectively. The volumes of groundwater available in the four regions were determined to be the following: Dangjin-si, 4,968,000 m³; Yesan-gun, 4,300,000 m³; Cheongyang-gun, 1,114,000 m³, and Goesan-gun, 3,794,000 m³. The annual amounts available for the representative crops, compared to the amount of evapotranspiration, were 313.9% in Dangjin-si, 29.5% in Yesan-gun, 56.1% in Cheongyang-gun, and 20.1% in Goesan-gun.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2004

The aim of this study was to predict the energy value and dynamic degradation of roughage in Taiwan using the $Daisy^{(R)}$. in vitro fermentation method to provide information on one of the very important nutrients for ration formulation. The second objective was to study the effects of Aspergillus oryzae (AFE) inclusion on nutrient utilization. Three ruminal fistulated dry dairy cows were used for rumen fluid and fifteen conventional forages used in dairy cattle were collected around this island. The degradability of these feedstuffs with and without AFE ($Amaferm^{(R)}$.) treatment was measured using the $Daisy^{(R)}$. in vitro method. The roughage energy values, including TDN and NEL, were calculated according to Robinson (2000). Results from the 30 h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability and predicted energy evaluations showed that alfalfa (among the forages) contained the highest degradability and energy values, Bermuda straw having the lowest. Peanut vines and corn silage contained higher energy values and the lowest value found in Pangola and Napier grasses among the locally produced forages. Pangola and Napier grasses had lower values than most imported forages except Bermuda straw. Among the by-products, wheat middling contained the highest NDF degradability, while rice bran contained the richest energy value due to its high oil content. From the dynamic dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation, corn silage contained the highest effective degradation among the local forages; wheat middling (among the by-products) degraded the fastest in DM, OM, ADF and NDF and showed the highest effective degradability. AFE inclusion was inconsistent among the forages. Alfalfa hay showed significantly increased 30 h NDF degradability and energy values, Pangola hay, Napier grass and brewer's grains showed decreased degradability and energy values. AFE inclusion increased the DM, OM and NDF degradation rate in most forage, but only increased the DM degradation rate in sorghum distiller's grains, the OM degradation rate in bean curd pomace and the NDF and ADF degradation rates in soy pomace (among the by-products).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2022

In this study, the pesticide residues in 106 commercial cereal grains were monitored from February to July 2021. For the investigation, 40 domestic and 66 imported products from large, small-to-medium sized offline and online distribution channels, were collected and analyzed by using the multiresidue method for 341 pesticides on GC/ECD, GC/NPD, GC/MSMS, UPLC/PDA, HPLC/FLD, LC/MSMS. Pesticides were detected in total of 8 samples (7.5%), of which one was from big box retailers, two from small and medium-sized distribution stores, and five from online shopping mall. Five (4.7%) samples were found to have pesticide residues greater than the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The detected pesticides in kidney beans (1 case), mung beans (6 cases), and sorghum (1 case), were MGK-264, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, malathion, piperonyl butoxide, and pirimiphos-methyl. Specifically, an excessive amount of thiamethoxam was found from the imported mung bean (5 cases).

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 1999

This study investigated the differences in dietary intake, age, body mass index(BMI), marital status and education of 1,585 Korean healthy males among current smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. Dietary intake was determined by a food frequency questionnaire at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. A bioelectric impedance analyzer measured height, body weight and BMI. This study identified 50% of the study group as current smokers and 30% as ex-smokers and 20% as non-smokers. The mean body mass index was 23.7kg/㎡ and did not differ significantly among the three groups. THe current smokers were younger(44.9 years old) and contained a lower percentage(58.5%) of college graduate than that of ex-smokers or non-smokers. The percentage of non-consumers of meat, eggs, beans and bean products was higher in non-smokers than that of ex-smokers or current smokers. Smoking was to a significant degree positively related to the amount of coffee and alcoholic beverages consumed and negatively related to the amount of milk and milk products and fruits consumed. The intake of eggs, milk and milk products, fruit, coffee, sweets, fats and oils were significantly different among the three groups. after adjusting for age, education level, marital status, and alcohol consumption. There was a strong positive relationship between smoking intensity and the intake of coffee and alcoholic beverages(p<0.0005), and an inverse relationship between smoking intensity and fruit, milk and milk product intake(p<0.005). The current smokers were characterized by a higher intake of total energy and cholesterol, and a lower intake of dietary fibers, ${\beta}$-carotine and folate than those of non-smokers or ex-smokers. The nutrient intake of ex-smokers was moderate and highest in ${\beta}$-carotine and folate, which suggested that ex-smokers were trying to change their life style.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2010

A gene encoding the mannanase of Bacillus licheniformis WL-12, which had been isolated from Korean soybean paste, was cloned into Escherichia coli and nucleotide sequence of the mannanase gene was subsequently determined. The mannanase gene consisted of 1,080 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 360 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence was identical to that of putative mannanase from B. liceniformis DSM13 belonging to GH family 26. The mannanase was partially purified from cell-free extract of the recombinant Escherichia coli carrying a WL-12 mannanase gene by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. Optimal conditions for the partially purified enzyme occurred at pH 6.0 and $65^{\circ}C$. The enzyme showed higher activity on locust bean gum (LBG) galactomannan and konjac glucomannan than on guar gum galactomannan. The predominant products resulting from the mannanase hydrolysis were mannose, mannobiose and mannotriose for LBG or mannooligosaccharides. The enzyme could hydrolyze mannooligosaccharides larger than mannobiose.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop a rice education program and rice cooking practice for university students majoring in foodservice and nutrition. To achieve this purpose, 2 rounds of delphi survey was used by convenience sampling including total of 27 experts in the food and nutrition industry. Below are the findings. First, both the importance and suitability for macro-theme of theory education were in the following order: 'nutrition and health of rice', 'characteristics of rice in food science', 'history and culture of rice' and 'the consumption of rice. Second, the history and culture of rice(traditional culture related to rice, and the origin & history of rice), nutrition and health of rice(main nutritive components and efficacy of rice and prevention of disease), characteristics of rice as food(processed-products of rice and storage, the structure of rice), and the consumption of rice(current status of rice production and consumption) were found to be suitable for the micro-theme of theory education. Third, the education theme for rice cooking practice was determined. Barley sprout song-pyeon and beet song-pyeon were chosen for rice cake. For bread, coconut & walnut muffin, tofu & bean muffin, citron bread, red bean & sweet persimmon pound cake, and sweet potato bread were selected. Dong-rae-pa-jeon, Kimch-jeon-byeong, fried sweet potato fried shrimp were developed for the main dishes.