• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.126-133
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• 2017

This report investigates the stress distribution according to the location and shape change of the circular hole for the lightweight design of the cross beam of a railway passenger car and studies the lightweight design. To design a lightweight cross beam with a circular hole, we selected the non-circular crossbeam as a basic model, examined the stress distribution and displacement by position and determined the location, shape, size and quantity of the hole for light weight. We analyzed the effects of the position and shape of the hole on the maximum equivalent stress and displacement. The influencing factors were set as the design parameters, and the stress value was examined according to the variation of each variable. By considering the stress value according to the change of each variable and selecting the design parameter with the narrowest scattering value of the stress at each position of the hollow cross beam with various hole positions and shapes, we studied a cross beam with a circle hole under identical load condition to have an equal stress distribution to that of a non-circular cross beam.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.9-17
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• 1999

This investigation is the result of the structural analysis by finite element method for optimal design of the cross beam with circular holes of the electric car-body. in order to install the air pipe and electric wire pipe that correspond signal between electric machines for the control system and to reduce the weight of the electric car-body, several circular areas from a cross beam should be taken off. What we want to perform is the optimal design of a cross beam with circular holes to posses equal stress in comparison with no hole cross beam. first, no hole cross beam as basic modal be chosen, executing the analysis, reviewing the distribution of stress and displacement at each location. several parameter should be adopted from the cross beam geometry like the location and shape of the hole to affect the maximum stress and displacement. So the analysis was executed by finite element analysis for finding optimal design parameter to the change of the location and shape of the circular hole. finally, the optimal design of the cross beam with circular holes was obtained and the maximum equivalent stress was compared with no hole cross beam at each location.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.696-699
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• 2003

In the semiconductor and the optical industry a new transport system which can replace the conventional sliding system is required. There systems are driven by magnetic field and conveyer belt. The magnetic field damages semiconductor and contact force scratches the optical lens. The ultrasonic wave driven system can solve these problem. In this paper, the object transport system using the excitation of ultrasonic wave is proposed. The experiments for finding the optimal excitation frequency, finding phase-difference between two ultrasonic wave generators are performed. The relationship of transporting speed according to the change of flexural beam shape is verified and the system performance for practical use is evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.558-564
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• 2009

To aim at obtaining a correct and fine small pattern by an electron beam lithography several conditions and methods affecting a real pattern shape needs to be investigated. A micro/nano sized pattern shape is sometimes dependent on the scanning method. In this work, four types of scanning methods are implemented and their characteristics are investigated. For a $11\times11um$ pattern, a Zigzag scanning method proves a precise pattern generation. The other ways such as SEM scanning and swirl in-out scanning method result in some distorted pattern shape. It is proved that abrupt change in the pattern generation limits to obtaining a fine and small pattern.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.245-253
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• 2022

A two-layer beam consisting of an elastoplastic layer and a functional layer made of shape memory alloy (SMA) TiNi is considered. Constitutive relations for SMA are set by a microstructural model capable to calculate strain increment produced by arbitrary increments of stress and temperature. This model exploits the approximation of small strains. The equations to calculate the variations of the strain and the internal variables are based on the experimentally registered temperature kinetics of the martensitic transformations with an account of the crystallographic features of the transformation and the laws of equilibrium thermodynamics. Stress and phase distributions over the beam height are calculated by steps, by solving on each step the boundary-value problem for given increments of the bending moment (or curvature) and the tensile force (or relative elongation). Simplifying Bernoulli's hypotheses are applied. The temperature is considered homogeneous. The first stage of the numerical experiment is modeling of preliminary deformation of the beam by bending or stretching at a temperature corresponding to the martensitic state of the SMA layer. The second stage simulates heating and subsequent cooling across the temperature interval of the martensitic transformation. The curvature variation depends both on the total thickness of the beam and on the ratio of the layer's thicknesses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.11-17
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• 2021

This paper describes the time rate of change of dynamic response of a cantilever beam inserted with a damping element, such as bonding, which is excited under a general force at various locations. A sensitivity analysis was performed in a finite element model to show that two types of second-order algebraic governing equations were used to predict the rate of change of dynamic displacement: one is related to the modal coordinate linked to a physical coordinate, and the other to the design parameter of the time rate of change of displacement. The sensitivity differential equation formulation includes more complicated terms compared with that of the undamped cantilever beam. The sensitivities of the dynamic response were observed by changing the location of the excitation force, displacement extraction, and cross-sectional area of the beam. The analytical results obtained by this suggested theory showed a relatively good agreement when compared with those obtained using the commercial finite element program. The suggested analysis procedure enables the prediction of the response sensitivity for any finite element model of the dynamic system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2003

In this study, the equation of motion of impacting elastic structures was derived through the theory, and the shape control of impact force using correlations of the dynamic characteristics and impact force history between two elastic structures was accomplished. Through numerical analysis and experiments, the classical contact mechanisms were verified, and the effects of the relative motion between impactor and elastic structure on the impact force shape were studied, and then the shape change of impact force depending on the impact position and mode shape of cantilever beam were analyzed. The 2-DOF impactor was designed and used. Reconstruction characteristics of impact force in cantilever beam were reviewed .

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1608-1613
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• 2003

In the semiconductor and the optical industry, a new transport system which can replace the conventional sliding system is required. These systems are driven by the magnetic field and the conveyer belt. The magnetic field damages semiconductor and contact force scratches the optical lens. The ultrasonic wave driven system can solve these problems. In this paper, the object transport system using the excitation of ultrasonic wave is proposed. The experiments for finding the optimal excitation frequency, finding phasedifference between two ultrasonic wave generators are performed. The relationship of transporting speed according to the change of flexural beam shape is verified. In addition, the system performance for practical use is evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.428-433
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• 1993

The second harmonic of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser beam with gaussian mode is cut off by pinhole of a certain radius and its central portion passed through pinhole is focused by converging lens. It is confirmed that the shape of this beam in focal region is central symmetric but non-gaussian. Change of transmittance due to self-focusing is investigated by scanning (z-scan) $CS_2$ of 1 mm thickness in the focal region. It is found that the observed results can be consistently explained by Fresnel theory within 1.5% accuracy and efficiency of self-focusing depends on spatial shape of incident beam.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.1311-1320
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• 2000

In this study, shape memory alloy(SMA) wires and piezoceramic actuators(PZT's) are employed in order to generate higher modes on the beam deformations. Compressive force is generated and applied to the beam by the pre-strained SMA wires attached at both ends of the beam. PZT's apply concentrated moments to several locations on the beam. Combinations of the compressive force and concentrated moments are investigated in order to understand the higher-mode deformation of beams. The first desired mode shape is obtained by controlling the temperature of the SMA wires. The first and third mode shapes are performed experimentally by heating SMA wires up to phase transformation temperature. The adaptive wing is defined as a wing whose shape parameters such as the camber, wing twist and thickness can be varied in order to change the wing shape for various flight conditions. In this research, control of the camber has been studied. The wing model consists of three plates and many ribs. Two of the plates are placed parallel to each other and they are clamped at one edge. Third plate connects the other edges of the parallel plates together. Each rib is made of SMA wire and connected to the parallel plates. It generates concentrated force and applies to the plates in oblique directions. The PZT's are bonded onto the plates and exert concentrated moments upon the plate at several locations. The object of this research is to generate various shape of wing by combining the concentrated forces and moments.