• Title/Summary/Keyword: Beak

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Teratogenic Effects of Diazinon in Chick Embryos 1. Effects of Diazinon Treatment on Morphology and Cholinergic Blocking Agents (Diazinon이의 계배 기형 유발에 미치는 영향 1. 계배형태와 콜린성 봉쇄약물과의 관계)

  • 허정호;손성기;이주홍;김종수
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.122-129
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    • 1994

  • Teratogenic effects of diazinon were assessed morphologically and cholinergic blocking agents. Diazinon at doses ranging from 25 to 2000 ug /egg, was Injected on day 3 of incubation. TD50s were different for the various teratogenic signs (wry neck, micromelia, abnormal feathering, abnormal beak and curled claws). The threshould dose for wry neck was higher than threshould dose for other signs； 40 ug/egg produced substantial micromelia, abnormal feathering. abnormal beak and curled claws, but gave no signs of wry neck. In contrast to the teratogenic doses, the LD50 of diazinon was very high (above 2000 ug /egg). One of the characteristics of diazinon-induced teratogenesis was reduced body weight (78.7％) and body length (73.8%). Maximal teratogenic effects, scored as signs of retarded growth, wry neck micromelia, abnormal feathering, abnormal beak, and curled claws, were produced when the insectcide was administered on the third or fourth day. The threshold dose for type II teratogenic signs(such as wry neck and short neck) was higher than for type I (such as micromelia and abnormal feathering). Morphological studies, using atropine and gallamine, suggested that nicotine but not muscarinic receptors may be involved in the mechanism of diazinon induced type II malformations.

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An Internet Survey and Comparative Wearing Test of Commercial Health Masks (시판 보건용 마스크의 인터넷 조사 및 비교 착용 실험)

  • Kyong-Hwa Yi;Hayoung Song
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.417-432
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    • 2024

  • This study aimed to enhance the comfort of health masks by conducting in-depth interviews, online surveys, and wearing tests on commercial health masks. The findings are summarized below. In-depth interviews revealed that the most comfortable mask styles were ranked as follows: Beak-1 (B-1) & Beak-2 (B-2) style > Flat style > 3-Horizontal foldable (3H) style. Men generally preferred flat style masks, while women favored beak-shaped masks. The internet survey results showed that 77.8% of surveyed brands offered a variety of mask styles, with 3H and B-2 masks being the most common. Different brands provided masks with different filtration levels, ranging from KF-AD to KF94. Size consistency also varied among brands, with flat masks having relatively consistent dimensions and B-2 masks showing significant size differences. Wearing tests indicated that 3H and B-1 masks were highly satisfying for categories like "itchiness," "unpleasant odor," and "mask slipping." Conversely, flat masks scored the highest satisfaction in classifications such as "stiff," "heavy," "thick," "hot while wearing it," "moisture accumulation," "breathing discomfort," "short ear straps," and "itchiness". Overall, the flat style, B-1, and B-2 yielded higher satisfaction levels, while 4-Horizontal foldable (4H) and 3H garnered lower satisfaction scores on wearing tests.

  • https://doi.org/10.5850/JKSCT.2024.48.3.417 인용 PDF

Optical throughput enhancement on a near-field apertured tip by the use of bird's beak effect (Bird's beak 효과에 의한 근접장 광 탐침의 투과율향상)

  • 송기봉;김은경;이성규;김준호;박강호
    • Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2002.07a
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    • pp.130-131
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    • 2002

  • 근접장광학현미경(Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope： NSOM)은 회절한계의 분해능으로 표면미소구조의 광학적 특성을 분석할 수 있기 때문에 여러 가지 용도로 응용되고 있다 그러나 NSOM 광 탐침의 경우, 탐침 끝 100nm크기의 구멍으로 출력되는 광 투과율(Throughput)은 거의 10＾-5이하의 Throughput을 나타내기 때문에 NSOM의 응용 범위 확대의 제약조건이 된다. 특히 고밀도 즉 , 나노 크기 정도의 광 정보를 저장할 수 있는 한 방법으로 대두되는 광 탐침을 이용한 근접장 기록의 경우 광투과율 증대는 필수적으로 해결되어야할 부분이다. (중략)

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