• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 2008

In human, sympathetic nerve blocks with local anesthetics are widely used to treat a variety of diseases in the innervating regions. However, its procedure in dogs is difficult to approach and process repeatedly because of anatomically location. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a new technique of sympathetic nerve block in beagle dogs. Fifteen healthy beagle dogs, which did not show any neurologic abnormalities and disease, were used for the study. Radiograghs were taken after injected radiopaque material mixed with 2% lidocaine at the cranial cervical ganglion and injected methylene blue using the same percutaneous technique to verify the reliability of this newly developed technique. The successful block rate of the cranial cervical ganglion block was present in 80% of all dogs and the stained cranial cervical ganglions were shown in all dogs. The results show that this new technique of the cranial cervical ganglion block is a reliable and simple method that can be used for clinical studies in dogs.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Objectives To assess the safety of Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture by analyzing the potential single-dose intramuscular toxicity of Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at various dose levels in SD (Spraque-Dawley) rats and Beagle dogs. Methods For evaluation of single-dose intramuscular toxicity of Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture, 40 SD rats (20 male and 20 famale) and 4 Beagle dogs (2 male and 2 female) were used. The rats were divided in four groups of 10 each, and treated intramuscularly with Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg in distilled water, and distilled water as a vehicle control group, respectively. The Beagle dogs were divided into two groups of 2 each, and treated intramuscularly with Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0.15, and 0.3 mg/kg in distilled water, respectively, and signs of toxicity were observed. After a wash-out period of 3 days, the procedure was repeated with Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg in distilled water, respectively. Mortality, body weight changes, and necropsy findings were examined during the study period. Results There were no mortalities in either the SD rats or Beagle dogs. There were also no significant differences in adverse effects, body weight, or necropsy findings between the Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture and control groups. Conclusions There results suggest that the lethal dose 50 ($LD_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (ALD) value of the test substance Shinbaro3 Pharmacopuncture are higher than 1.2 mg/kg in SD rats and Beagle dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to define the normal findings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the clinically healthy Beagle dogs and to provide basic information in diagnosis of neurologic disorders. CSF obtained from 13 clinically healthy dogs was examined for total and differential cell counts, total protein concentration, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, specific gravity, turbidity, and protein electrophoresis. On gross examination, CSF samples evaluated were clear and colorless. Few red blood cells and nucleated cells were present. The mean concentration of glucose and LDH examined were 65.8 mg/dl and 2.7 mg/dl, respectively. The cellular components of CSF samples based on differential counts were monocytes (41.9%), activated macrophages (35.8%), lymphocytes (20.0%), neutrophils (1.6%), and eosinophils (0.7%). The fractions of electrophoretic protein in CSF were albumin (52.7%), alpha-globulin (16.5%), beta-globulin (24.8%), and gamma-globulin (3.0%). Results of albumin quota were ranged from 0.15 to 0.38. In conclusion, this study provided normal composition of CSF in Beagle dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.206-210
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Force-Sensing Resistor (FSR) for measurement of static hindlimb weight distribution in beagle dogs and to compare these results to a Digital Weighing Scale (DWS). Nine healthy beagle dogs were recruited for this study. Static weight distribution was evaluated four times at intervals of 5 days with each device and two observers to calculate the intra- and interobserver reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of the FSR for intraobserver reliability were moderate to good (0.74). The results for the DWS showed poor to moderate (0.56) ICC values for intraobserver reliability. The ICC values for interobserver reliability were 0.53 and 0.61 for FSR and DWS, respectively, indicating poor to moderate agreement. Our findings suggest that the Force-Sensing Resistor can be used to measure static weight distribution in veterinary medicine. However, caution should be taken when comparing measured values of static weight distribution obtained utilizing both the FSR and DWS due to their low positive correlation (R = 0.41, p < 0.01).

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of an oriental medical prescription for obesity treatment, SH21-B, in Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs. SH21-B was administered in rats at does of 0mg/kg, 2,000mg/kg, and 5,000mg/kg. And also SH21-B was administered in Beagle dogs at does of 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 600mg/kg. The rats and dogs of both sexes were observed daily for 14 days after single oral administration. Two female rats, one administered at 2,000mg/kg and the other administered at 5,000mg/kg, died, but no dead animal was observed among male rats. Therefore LD50 in the female rat is observed to be 8,710mg/kg, and MLD(Minimum Lethal Dose) of the male rat is observed to be more than 5,000mg/kg. Among dogs, no dead animal was observed up to 600mg/kg and MLD is observed to be more than 600mg/kg.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.305-308
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• 1996

The acute toxicity of rHu-EPO, newly developed recombinant erythropoietin, was tested in beagle dogs. rHu-EPO, when administered intravenously at 25, 000 IU/kg, did not cause any death. Also, rHu-EPO did not induce any change of body weight, food intake and clinical signs compared to controls. There were no significant changes in hematological, urine analysis and pathological examination. These results showed that rHu-EPO did not induce any remarkable toxic response and the $LD_50$ was greater than 25, 000 IU/kg in beagle dogs.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Objectives To evaluate Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture safety through analysis of potential single-dose intramuscular toxicity of Sinbaro Pharmacopucture in SD rats and Beagle dogs. Methods Single-dose intramuscular toxicity of Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture was assessed in accordance with Korea Food and Drug Administration Guidelines for toxicity testing of Medicinal Products. The SD rats were treated intramuscularly with Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture at doses of 0, 4.6, 9.2, and 18.5 mg/kg, respectively. The Beagle dogs were treated intramuscularly with Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture at doses of 2.3, and 4.6 mg/kg, respectively, and after 3 days, the procedure was repeated a second time at doses of 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg, respectively, for toxicity testing. Mortality, change in body weight, and necropsy findings were examined for the study period. Results There were no mortalities, general symptoms, or body weight changes in the SD rats. While pyelectasis of the left kidney was observed in a male rat in the 4.6 mg/kg administration group, natural occurrence is common, and does not appear to be related with the test substance. No mortalities were observed in the Beagle dogs. In assessment of general symptoms, a female dog in the 9.2 mg/kg group displayed body weight decrease due to leftover food, but the change in body weight was within the normal range seen at 6~7 months, and the necropsy findings were not significant. The toxicity of the test substance appears to be minimal. Conclusions The results suggest that the lethal dose 50 ($LD_{50}$) and approximate lethaldose (ALD) value in single intramuscular administration of Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture in SD rats and Beagle dogs are higher than 18.5 mg/kg.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.413-418
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• 2001

We developed shunt valves used to treat patients with hydrocephalus. The valves under development were constant Pressure type ventriculoperitoneal (VP) calves made of silicone elastomer. In vitro experiments showed that our valves had similar Pressure-flow control characteristics to the valved currently available in the market. Our valves also showed competent performance in the 28 days of continuous pumping tests acording to the IS07197 specifications. We artificially inducted hydrocephalus to a 10kg beagle do9. The size of the ventricles of the dog was substantially increased and the dog showed abnormal behavior. After our valve being implanted, the ventricles recovered regular size with the normal behavior observed in the dog. The flow orifice of the shunt valve diaphragm was in the older of 10$\mu$m during calve operation and hence the pressure-flow control characteristics tended to change by a small chance in the valve dimension. Therefore, precision design and manufacturing techniques were necessary for successful operations of the shunt valves .

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.511-514
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• 2014

A 7-year-old, female Beagle dog presented with a primary complaint of severe neck pain and paretic gait. A lesion was suspected between C6 and T2 on the basis of neurological examinations. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervicothoracic spine revealed herniation of disc material from the C7-T1 intervertebral space resulting in marked spinal cord compression. Hemilaminectomy was performed to treat the intervertebral disc disease at C7-T1. Treatment was effective and the clinical condition of the dog was remarkably improved. This result suggests that hemilaminectomy is an effective option for surgical treatment of intervertebral disc disease at the cervicothoracic junction in dogs.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.177.1-177.1
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• 2001