• 의료법학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.622-660
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• 2004

Medical services aren't done by doctors only but by different medical personnels. If any medical accident takes place, to what extent doctors, nurses and other personnels should respectively be liable for that should be determined. And when an employed doctor does any illegal medical act, his or her employer also should be responsible for that as a user. If a medical accident occurs, the victim or patient usually claims against the employer of the doctor sho causes the accident for compensation. And those who assist medical treatment, including nurses, should be liable for their own acts, but in case their doctor doesn't give any appropriate directions, the doctor should shoulder the liability. This indicates that nurses are also professional medical personnels, and that they should share the liability as well. There are lots of different medical personnels, but doctors and nurses are the pivot of team treatment, and nurses should also take responsibility for their services. Doctors and nurses are equal, as they are in pursuit of the same, namely, helping patients recover their health. Only their roles are different. If they respect each other and see each other as being responsible for their own roles, they will be able to consult together. Medical information on patients and nursing information should be shared by both of them, and patients should be provided accurate treatment and nursing services. If those who offer nursing services are unaware of required information due to conflicts with doctors, it might result in threatening the safety of patients. And in case any important information isn't properly conveyed between them, it might trigger a medical accident. Sophisticated and complex medical science requires medical personnels to be professional, and nurses as well as doctors need to be an expert. The fact treatment-related accidents take place often indicates that treatment is basically attended with danger. Furthermore, patients respond to all sorts of investigation and medicine in a different manner. They should be professional and knowledgeable to predict how they might respond and prevent any possible hazardous situations, and they are expected to have more knowledge in the future. Nonetheless, there aren't yet enough studies on the legal liability of nurses, and this study is expected to pave the way for future research on nurse liability against medical accidents.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.155-176
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• 2005

There is some evidence that one of major factors to produce plantar fasciitis depends on the magnitude of the foot arch strain. The orthotics that can reduce the foot arch strain during locomotion may be effective to prevent or treat plantar fasciitis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of control condition and three types of foot orthotics on 3-dimensional foot arch strain that can produce plantar fasciitis during treadmill level and uphill walking and running. Sixteen male subjects are recruited and the arch length and height strain according to three types of foot orthotics with respect to control condition were measured by using two digital video cameras. The first hypothesis which the comfort of foot orthotics would be increased from arch pad, half length orthotics to full length orthotics was mostly accepted. It suggested that the types of the foot orthotics could be properly prescribed according foot regions that is pain or abnormal. The second hypothesis which the foot arch strain can be reduced by foot orthotics during level heel-toe walking and running and the third hypothesis which the foot arch strain can be reduced by foot orthotics during uphill heel-toe walking and running were rejected. The foot arch length and height strain during walking and running showed small and subject-specific characteristics and could not be optimal biomechanical variable to prove the overall comfort. The forth hypothesis which the foot arch strain cannot be reduced by foot orthotics during uphill toe walking and running was accepted. With the foot arch length and height strain during uphill toe walking and running the windlass mechanism suggested by Hicks can be explained successfully and excessive uphill toe walking and running can be one of cause of plantar fasciitis. The dynamic investigation on the foot arch such as walking and running should be carefully observed with integrated insights considering ligaments and foot bones as well as plantar fascia, extrinsic muscles and tendons, and intrinsic muscles and tendons.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to propose the design of the patient's clothes for a disabled child between 4 and 6. For this, in this study, I would present the following design plan which includes 3 upper garments, 2 trousers and a one-piece dress. In case of the damage on head and neck, a neck line should be deep and wide thereby providing ease to the clothes. To facilitate injection and dressing/undressing, there should be parting from neck to cuff which can be fixed by snap or button. By rolling up sleeves with strings inside the cuffs and fixating plaster cast with snap button outside the cuffs. In case of body cast with plaster cast around body part, front adjusting part should be wider and the width should be adjusted with strings. In case of hip spica cast which covers waist, I separated front part and rear part, fixated them with snap buttons, gave more width to front adjusting part with strings to adjust width, which constitute one-piece dress. In case of shoulder spica cast, the other shoulder which is not covered with plaster cast should be exposed, and to prevent clothes' coming down, strings with snap button or velcro should be attached over a shoulder so that the length of the strings can be adjusted. In case of applying plaster cast or aid to the whole part of a leg, one part of trousers should be shorter so as to expose the injured part and there should be a parting with strings or velcros on the side for easy dressing/undressing. When plaster cast or splint is short, The strings are meant to adjust length of trousers. The partings are located 2 cm from side lines toward the center.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제51권
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• pp.285-313
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• 2011

There can be analyzed severally on the acceptance conditions of freight forwarder's transport document under UCP. First, Bills of Lading issued by forwarding agents will be refused. This can be seen in the article 20 of 1933 Revision UCP(Brochure 82) and the article 20 of 1951 Revision UCP(Brochure 151). Second, Unless specifically authorized in the credit, Bills of Lading issued by forwarding agent will be rejected. It is prescribed in the front part (a) of article 17 of 1962 Revision UCP(Brochure 222) and the article 19 of 1974 Revision UCP(Publication No. 290). Third, Acceptance conditions are different according to the type of transport documents, that is either Bill of Lading or not. It is prescribed in the art 25 and article 26 of 1983 Revision UCP. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, transport document issued by a freight forwarder will be rejected unless it is the FIATA Combined Transport Bill of Lading approved by the International Chamber of Commerce or otherwise indicates that it is issued by a freight forwarder acting as a carrier or agent of a named carrier. On the other hand, unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, marine bill of lading issued by a freight forwarder will be rejected, unless it indicates that it is issued by such freight forwarder acting as a carrier, or as the agent of a named carrier. Fourth, transport documents issued by a freight forwarder will be accepted. This can be found in the article 30 of 1993 Revision UCP(ICC Publication No. 500) and the article 14 l of 2007 Revision UCP(ICC Publication No. 600). According to the former unless otherwise authorized in the Credit, transport document issued by a freight forwarder will only be accepted if it is appears on its face to indicate the name of the freight forwarder as a carrier or multimodal transport operator or its agent. The latter prescribed that a transport document will be accepted if it is issued by a freight forwarder by a agent of carrier or freight forwarder itself.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2002

This study examines the visitors'evaluations of tourism resources in Insa-dong, which the Seoul metropolitan government has improved recently. This study adopted the method of Importance-Performance Analysis by collecting data through questionnaires. A random sampling of visitors to Insa-dong was conducted in June and July,2001. The survey included questions on the physical and psychological components of Insa-dong's tourism resources. In the case of physical components, eight factors(ancient arts shop, art gallery, atelier, calligraphy shop, pottery arts, traditional tea house, antique shop, traditional clothes) out of thirteen were categorized as 'keeping up the good work'. None of the Physical components was shown as 'low priority'or'possible overkill'. In particular, four factors(restaurant, heritage, Korean-style house and alley, traditional cultural festival) need to be impoved most urgently in terms of visitors'satisfaction. Survey results realize them as high priority in importance but low in performance, thereby designated as, 'concentrate here'. An image of the 'street' showed to be high in importance and identical in performance, so can be categorized between'keeping up the good work'and 'concentrate here'. The results show that unusual outdoor spaces and the festivals of Insa-dong have a significant meaning to the visitors. In the case of psychological components, three factors(general atmosphere experience of unusual atmosphere, appropriateness of stroll time) out of seventeen were categorized as 'keeping up the good work'. Ore factor (shopping) was designated as 'low priority'and not found to be 'possible overkill'. Thirteen factors (various events, possibility of various activity, various flood, richness of play, new experience, education cultural inheritance, parking facilities, resting places, green spaces, meeting places, guide map and information, cleanliness of facilities/convenience) need to be improved mast urgently in terms of visitors' fulfillment. They are perceived as areas of 'concentrate here'. This confirms that attractive events are essential for the recent visitor satisfaction. Furthermore, visitors are not satisfied with its amenity and acccss in Insa-dong despite the improvements. In conclusion, positive impressions, both physical and psychological, should be maintained while factors mentioned to be lacking should be prioritized in order of necessity to improve the image of Insa-dong and solutions need to be found and implemented. The results of this study would be helpful in the planning and management of nsa-dong considering the visitors'requirements.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2020

The following key questions and recommendations are presented herein: when is airway intubation initiated in severe trauma? Airway intubation must be initiated in severe trauma patients with a GCS of 8 or lower (1B). Should rapid sequence intubation (RSI) be performed in trauma patients? RSI should be performed in trauma patients to secure the airway unless it is determined that securing the airway will be problematic (1B). What should be used as an induction drug for airway intubation? Ketamine or etomidate can be used as a sedative induction drug when RSI is being performed in a trauma patient (2B). If cervical spine damage is suspected, how is cervical protection achieved during airway intubation? When intubating a patient with a cervical spine injury, the extraction collar can be temporarily removed while the neck is fixed and protected manually (1C). What alternative method should be used if securing the airway fails more than three times? If three or more attempts to intubate the airway fail, other methods should be considered to secure the airway (1B). Should trauma patients maintain normal ventilation after intubation? It is recommended that trauma patients who have undergone airway intubation maintain normal ventilation rather than hyperventilation or hypoventilation (1C). When should resuscitative thoracotomy be considered for trauma patients? Resuscitative thoracotomy is recommended for trauma patients with penetrating injuries undergoing cardiac arrest or shock in the emergency room (1B).

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the brazing characteristics between Zircaloy-4 nuclear fuel cladding tubes and bearing pads with filler metals of amorphous $Zr_{1-x}Be_x$(0.3$\leq$x$\leq$0.5) binary alloy, in which they were produced in the ribbon form by the melt-spinning metod. The crystallization behavior, stability, hardness and micro-structure of brazed zone were examined by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, micro-Vickers hardness test, optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. $Zr_{1-x}Be_x$(0.3$\leq$x$\leq$0.4) amorphous alloys were crystallized to $\alpha$-Zr with increasing the temperature, and the rest were transformed to ZrBe$_2$at higher temperatures. On the other hand, $Zr_{1-x}Be_x$(0.4$\leq$x$\leq$0.5) amorphous alloys were crystallized to $\alpha$-Zr and ZrBe$_2$, simultaneously. The thickness of the layer brazed with amorphous alloy was increased with increasing the beryllium content due to the higher diffusion of Be. The morphology of brazed layer with PVD Be filler metal showed dendrite while that brazed with amorphous alloys appeared globular. Micro-Vickers hardness of brazed zone increased as the beryllium content of filler metal was decreased.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-67
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• 2006

The study is aimed to analyze the influence of FTA(Free Trade Agreement) between Korea and Japan on tourism and to suggest ways to increase tourists exchange between them by considering countermeasures of Korea's tourism based on the analysis and deriving political significance. The results of the study showed that the expected effects of FTA between Korea and Japan on tourism would overall be positive. There would be increases in employment and a higher rate of foreign-exchange earning, which plays a critical role in the cash flow. Therefore the government is required to prepare for several political measures as follows. First, ways to promote investment in tourism have to be established in a systematic way for FTA. Second, restructuring of tourism has to be considered seriously for tourism to be a high value-added industry after FTA. Third, the tourism information industry needs to be included in the tourism promotion act to promote e-tourism using information technology. In addition to this, an expansive cluster strategy needs to be developed, which relates tourism to other industries like culture and movies and to find ways to re-locate and re-educate manpower currently engaged in the tourism industry. Though the study investigated the influence of FTA on tourism through a practical analysis, it was restricted only to Korea. So the influence of FTA between Korea and Japan on the tourism of Japan should be included in further study. Furthermore, in subsequent studies the CGE(Computable General Equilibrium) model will be applied for objective analysis of the effects. Or measuring the ripple effect with multinational inter-industry relation table will be made for the study to make practical contributions to the development of government policy.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.457-461
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• 2005

The survey of user's satisfactory degree of location, plantings, facilities, operation, and management factors on national parks' camp sites was carried out. Many problems were analyzed and identified. This survey was for proposing the correct way to plan and draft for camping site after this. In addition to, the realization of environmental education through nature friendly recreation was aimed at. According to the result of the survey, the followings were suggested as necessities to improve the camp site. 1. Repair and replacement of insufficiently managed facilities should be aimed at. 2. Facilities for a handicapped person should be preferentially introduced. 3. Active management and publicity in low-demand season that practiced by developed countries should be carried out. Seasonal program for various age groups should be operated. 4. Surrounding tourist site, camp site, and trail should be organically connected by shuttle bus and other transports. A survey was carried out for the user satisfaction in the campsites of national parks. Based on this survey concerned with the location, planting, facilities, operation and management, the problems were identified and analysed to improve future design and plan of the campsites. This study aims for the realization of environmental education through nature friendly recreation. The following points are suggested as needed according to the survey result. 1. damaged facilities should be repaired or replaced. 2. introduction of the facilities for disabled should be prioritized. 3. consistent and active management and publicity work should be operated in the off-peak season. and the seasonal activity programs for the various age groups should be provided. 4. the site should be well connected with other surrounding campsites and tourist sites using the shuttle bus and other transport method.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.83-93
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• 1986

This study is aimed at providing guidelines to settle unified terminologies that can be used in education, industry and factories by identifying the problems in the use of complicated terminologies concerning manufacture of western costumes. The results of the study reveal that educational terminologies tend to be more Korean languages whereas the terminologies used in practice consist of main streams of Japanese words which were transmitted erroneously, thus causing barriers of communication between the two fields, being same points to be called differently and being the terminologies pertinent to Korean costumes mistakenly used for western costumes. The confusion of use of professional terminologies is significant problem to be sotted in view point not only of the economic aspects of low productivity but also of the settlement and transmission of Korean culture. Therefore, the administrative measures are badly in need to solve all these problems. The following points are recommended to solve these problems on the basis of the findings of this study. 1) In principle the mistakenly transmitted Japanese words and the mixed up terminologies should be Koreanized, but those words for which there are no proper Korean words and complicated words difficult to commumicate can be replaced by the standardized pronunciation of the original words. 2) The words for Korean costumes which are mistakenly used for western costumes should be expressed by the standard of western costumes. 3) The readily localized foreign terminologies had better be used as they are. 4) The variety of terminologies indicating same points should be Koreanized in unification to best express the true meaning of the original words. 5) The misspelled Korean words and the dialect of Korean words should be standardized.