• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2018

As a basic study for environment-friendly production of bacterial cellulose (BC) dressing with antimicrobial activity, we isolated and identified acetic acid bacteria which are resistant to silver ions and can biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, conditions of BC production by selected strain were also investigated. Strain G7 isolated from decayed grape skin was able to grow in the presence of 0.1 mM $AgNO_3$ which was identified as Acetobacter intermedius based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. BC production was the highest in a medium containing 2% glucose as a carbon source, 2% yeast extract as a nitrogen source, and 0.115% acetic acid as a cosubstrate. Structural properties of BC produced in optimal medium were studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer, and it was found that BC produced was cellulose type I that was the same as a typical native cellulose. When strain G7 was cultured in an optimal medium containing 0.1 mM $AgNO_3$, the color of the culture broth turned into reddish brown, indicating that silver nanoparticles were formed. As a result of UV-Vis spectral analysis of the culture, it was found that a unique absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles at 425 nm was also observed. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed that silver nanoparticles were formed on the surface and pores of BC membrane.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2005

Proper choice of source populations contributes to the ultimate success of selection for genetic improvement. The source population should possess the most desirable alleles at as many loci as possible for intra population improvement. Such desirable alleles can be intensified by introgression of exotic germ plasm into locally adapted ones through hybridization followed by selection. The objectives of this study were to determine the mean performance, genetic variability $({\sigma}^2G)$ and heritability of fresh ear yield and other important traits within two sweet corn source populations, $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ and BC2-10. One hundred selfed progenies from each of the two source populations were evaluated in a $10\times10$ lattice design, at the Institute of Bioscience (IBS) Farm, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM) following the recommended cultural practices. Significant differences among selfed progenies within $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ were observed for all traits, while differences among selfed progenies within BC2-10 were noted for fresh ear yield, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernels per row, ear height, days to tasseling and days to silking. Progenies developed from $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ population had higher estimates of ${\sigma}^2G$ than did progenies from BC2-10 population for number of kernel rows per ear, total soluble solids, plant height, days to tasseling and days to silking, showing that selection to improve these traits would be more effective in selfed progenies of $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ than that in BC2-10. On the other hand, progenies developed from BC2-10 population had higher estimates of ${\sigma}^2G$ for ear length, ear diameter and ear height, indicating that progenies from this population would have better genetic gain than $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$. Comparable estimates of genetic variance were found for fresh ear yield, and number of kernels per row, indicating that genetic improvement of the two source populations is expected to produce similar genetic gains for these two traits. Therefore, selfed progenies developed from both source populations could be used to improve the two populations for various traits and thereby develop superior genotypes for immediate use in the production system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.81-85
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• 2016

Globally, the burden of breast cancer (BC) continues to increase. BC related lymphedema (BCRL) is currently non curable and as a life time risk it affects at least 25% of BC patients. Knowing more about BCRL and appropriate control of its modifiable risk factors can improve quality of life (QOL) of the affected patients. In this case control study to detect factors, 400 women with BCRL (as the case group) and 283 patients with BC without lymphedema (as the control group) that were referred to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated BC clinic center were assessed. The data were analyzed in SPSS. The mean age of the case group was $52.3{\pm}11.0years$ and of the control group was $50.1{\pm}10.9years$. In patients with BCRL, 203(50.7%) had left (Lt) side BC and in non- lymphedema group 151 (53.3%) had Lt side BC. Out of all BCRL patients, 204 (51%) had lymphedema in all parts of their affected upper extremities, 100 (25%) had swelling in the arm and forearm and 23 (5.7%) had edema in both the upper extremity and trunk. Edema, heaviness, concern about changing body image, pain and paresthesia were the most common signs/symptoms among patients with BCRL. In BCRL patients, the difference of circumference between the affected upper limb and non-affected limb was $4.4{\pm}2.5cm$ and the difference in volume displacement was $528.7{\pm}374.4milliliters$. Multiple variable analysis showed that moderate to severe activity (OR; odds ratio =14, 95% CI :2.6-73.3), invasiveness of BC (OR =13.7, 95% CI :7.3-25.6), modified radical mastectomy (OR=4.3, 95% CI :2.3-7.9), BMI =>25 (OR=4.2, 95% CI :2-8.7), radiotherapy (OR=3.9, 95% CI :1.8-8.2), past history of limb damage (OR=1.7, 95% CI :0.9-3.1) and the number of excised lymph nodes (OR=1.06, 95% CI :1.02-1.09) were the significant predictors of lymphedema in women with BC. Modifiable risk factors of BCRL such as non-guided moderate to severe physical activity, high BMI and trauma to the limb should be controlled as early as possible in BC patients to prevent development of BCRL and improve QOL of these patients.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 1997

After DNA damage, umuDC is the only SOS operon that must be induced to promote SOS mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. The recombinant plasmid pBC401 and pBC402 were constructed to fuse the lac structural genes with promoter region of umuDC operon to induce the expression of lacZ gene by DNA damage. We transformed the plasmid pBC401 and pBC402 into E. coli MC1061, lacZ deleted strain and determined the activity of $\beta$-galactosidase for various mutagen; UV, mitomycin C (MMC), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 4-nitroqunoline-1-oxide (NQO), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). The $\beta$-galactosidase activities of PBC401 and pBC402 for UV, MMC, and NQO were increased in proportion to expression time until 3 hours thereafter, the activities were constant or slightly decreased. The activities for MNNG and EMS were not so high as for UV, MMC, and NQO. When MNNG and EMS were treated, $\beta$-galactosidase activity of pBC402 was slightly lower than pBC401 but when UV, MMC, and NQO were treated in pBC402, $\beta$-galactosidase activity was slightly higher than in pBC401. Therefore, the pBC402 was better than the pBC401 in terms of sensitivity for frameshift mutagen. We suggest that the plasmid pBC401 and pBC402 are easy to detect mutagens which cause frameshift mutation rather than point mutation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.318-322
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• 2017

Brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA (BC200 RNA) is a neuron-specific non-coding RNA, implicated in the inhibition of local synaptodendritic protein synthesis, and is highly expressed in some cancer cells. Although BC200 RNA has been shown to inhibit translation in vitro, the cellular location of this inhibition is unknown. In this study, we used a BC200 RNA-recognizing antibody to identify the cellular locations of BC200 RNA in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. We observed punctate signals in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, and further discovered that BC200 RNA co-localized with the p-body decapping enzyme, DCP1A, and the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E2 (hnRNP E2). The latter is a known BC200 RNA-binding partner protein and a constituent of p-bodies. This suggests that BC200 RNA is localized to p-bodies via hnRNP E2.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2002

Electrical characteristics of two types of 20 GHz Push-Push GaAs MESFET dielectric resonator oscillators having Wilkinson and T-junction power combiners for the output stage have been investigated. The Push-Push oscillator for suppressing fundamental frequency 10 GHz and enhancing 20 GHz has been designed and realized in microstrip configuration on 20 mil thick RT-Duroid(${\varepsilon}_r$=2.52) teflon substrate. Two different types of power combiners, T-junction and Wilkinson, have been considered. Whenever one type of the combiners has been adopted for the output circuit, output power, phase noise and fundamental frequency suppression characteristics of the oscillator have been measured. When the Wilkinson power combiner was used, a maximum output power of 5.67 dBm, a phase noise of -105.5 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 100 kHz and a fundamental frequency suppression of -29.33 dBc have been measured. When the T-junction power combiner was used, a maximum output power of -1.17 dBm, a phase noise of -102.2 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 100 kHz and a fundamental frequency suppression of -17.84 dBc have been measured.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 1989

The purposes of this study were to investigate the genetic variations by backcrossing in commercial chickens. Backcrossing was carried out successively back to parent stock (P.S). Heritabilities and genetic correlation coefficients were estimated to verify the genetic variations. The data obtained from a breeding programme with commercial chickens (I strain) were collected from 1955 to 1987 at Poultry Breeding Farm, Seoul National University. Data came from a total of 1230 female offspring. The results obtained are summarized as follows： 1. The general performance ($Mean\pmStandard deviation$) of each trait was $663.94\pm87.11$g for 8 weeks body weight, $1579.1\pm155.43$g for 20 weeks body weight, $2124.1\pm215.3$g for 40 weeks body weight, $2269.1\pm242.94$g for 60 weeks body weight, $168.43\pm12.94$ day for a9e at sexual maturity (SM), $214.52\pm29.82$ eggs , for total egg number to 60 weeks of age (TEN), $61.45\pm3.48$ g for average weight (AEW), $13180.7\pm1823.22$ g for total egg mass to 60 weeks of age(TEM). All traits, except 10 weeks body weight and AEW, were significant for the degrees of backcross (p＜0.01). 2. The pooled estimates of heritabilities derived from the sire, dam and combined variance components were 0.47~0.52 for age at sexual maturity (SM), 0.07~0.37 for total egg number (TEN), 0.40~0.54 for average egg weight (AEW), 0.18~0.27 for total egg mass (TEM). High heritability estimates were found for SM and AEW. TEN and TEM were estimated to be a lowly heritable traits. Heritability estimates from dam components were higher than those from sire components. These differences might be due to non-additive genetic effect and maternal effect. 3. The estimates of heritabilities and standard errors derived from combined variance components for different degrees of backcross were $0.47\pm0.11$ (BCO), $0.42\pm0.16$ (BC1), $0.51\pm0.29$ (BC2) for TEN, $0.59\pm0.20$ (BCO), $0.43\pm0.17$ (BC1), $0.35\pm0.18$ (BC2) for AEW, $0.28\pm0.12$(BC0), $0.20\pm0.11$(BC1), $0.18\pm0.14$ (BC2) for TEM. Heritability estimates for AEW and TEM were decreased by backcrossing while those for SM and TEN remained constant. Since backcrossing contributes to increased homozygosity, the genetic variation of the traits (AEW and TEM) decreased . 4. The pooled estimates of genetic correlation coefficients were -0.55 between SM and TEN, 0.20 between SM and AEW, -0.29 between TEN and AEW, 0.82 between TEM and TEN, 0.31 between TEM and AEW, -0.42 between TEM and SM. The genetic correlation between TEM and TEN was higher than that between TEM and AEW, and it was suggested that egg mass was strongly affected by egg number. Also, age at sexual maturity(SM) contributes to egg mass(TEM). 5. When backcrossing was carried out successively, the genetic correlation between TEM and TEN increased (BC0：0.79, BC1：0.82, BC2：0.91) but those between TEM and SM decreased (BC0：-0.54, BC1：-0.36, BC2：-0.09) with successive backcrosses.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.857-863
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• 2015

This study characterized the nutrition and taste of commercial salted semi-dried brown croaker Miichthys miiuy (SSD-BC). The mean crude protein content of the commercial SSD-BC was $19.8{\pm}1.7%$ (range, 17.7-23.2%), and the mean crude lipid content was $0.6{\pm}0.3%$ (range, 0.3-1.1%). The total amino acid content ranged from 17.08 to 18.56 g/100 g, except for sample code 5, which was 22.24 mg/100 g and differed significantly from the other samples. The major amino acids in the commercial SSD-BC were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, and lysine. In the commercial SSD-BC, the calcium ranged from 11.1-21.4 mg/100 g, phosphorus from 148.4-209.2 mg/100 g, and magnesium from 12.2-48.2 mg/100 g. Monoenoic acid (37.1-40.3%) was the most common fatty acid, followed by saturated acid (33.9-36.3%) and polyenoic acid (25.1-29.2%). The prominent fatty acids in the commercial SSD-BC were 16:0 (23.9-26.5%), 16:1n-7 (11.3-13.0%), 18:1n-9 (19.7-21.5%), and 22:6n-3 (6.9-10.7%). The mean trichloroacetic acidsoluble nitrogen content was 248.1 (range, 137.2-334.2) mg/100 g. The evaluation demonstrated that the commercial SSD-BC is rich in nutrition and taste.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1991

Cellulase genes from thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp. F204 a potent cellulase complex-producing bacterium, were cloned in Escherichia coli with pUC 19. Plasmids pBC191 and pBC192, isolated from transformants forming yellow zone around colony on the LB agar plate containing 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose and ampicillin, contained 4.6 Kb and 5.8 Kb HindIII fragments, respectively. The 4.6 Kb insert of pBC191 had single sites for BamHI EcoRI, KpnI and pvuII. DNA hybridization and immunodiffusion studies showed that pBC191-encoded cellulase gene was homologous with that of host strain. pKC231, constructed by inserting 4.6 Kb insert of pBC191 at the HindIII site of pKK223-3, E. coli expression vector, and pGC711, constructed by inserting 4.6 Kb insert of pBC191 at the HindIII site of pGR71, E. coli and B. subtilis shuttle vector, had 3.2 times and 2.8 times as much cellulase activity as pBC191, respectively. Substrate specificity analysis showed that cellulases cloned were CMCase.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.452-461
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• 2017

This study was conducted to select an optimal approach to corn waste biochar (BC) application, and to evaluate the effects of combined application of BC and inorganic fertilizer (IF) on corn growth and soil chemical properties in a pot experiment. Corn growth differed with BC application timing and BC application levels. Based on the characteristics of corn growth in pot-based experiments, the selected optimal application conditions of BC were application of $500kg\;10a^{-1}$ at 20 days before sowing. Also, the chemical properties of the tested soil with BC after corn harvesting were significantly improved than those in the other treatments. In particular, soil pH and CEC regardless of application conditions were markedly increased by 0.04~0.19 units and $0.08{\sim}2.58coml_c\;kg^{-1}$ in BC treatments than without BC treatments. Additionally, combined application of BC and IF had greater effects on corn growth than single application of BC. Therefore, the results suggest using properly BC application conditions and a combination of BC and IF for effective corn cultivation in an upland field.