• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bc1-2

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Optical packaging technology and characterization of analog PIN-Photodiode (Analog용 PIN-Photodiode의 광 패키징 기술 및 특성 연구)

  • Lee Chang Min;Kwon Kee Young
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.42 no.3 s.333
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2005
  • We fabricated PIN-Photodiodes with a single mode fiber for analog communications and analyzed characteristics of the devices. The fabricated PIN-Photodiode shows a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz, a dark current of 20 p4 a capacitance of 0.48 pF, and the responsivity of 0.9 V/W, a second order distortion of -72 dBc. In this paper, we developed a new optical Packaging technology that is aligning in real-time monitoring of both responsivity and IM2 characteristics. As a result responsivity has been improved by 0.03 V/W, and also U has been improved by $3\~5\;dBc$. On the other hand, failure ratio has been reduced by $3.5\%$.

Prognostic Value of β-catenin Expression in Breast Cancer Patients: a Meta-analysis

  • Zhang, De-Pu;Li, Xiao-Wei;Lang, Jing-He
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.14
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    • pp.5625-5633
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    • 2015
  • Background: ${\beta}$-catenin plays a crucial role in the progression of breast cancer (BC) and a prognostic role of in BC patients has been widely reported. However, controversy still remains. Materials and Methods: Identical search strategies were used to search relevant literature in electronic databases updated to July 1, 2014. Individual hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled HRs with 95%CIs were used to evaluate the strength of association between positive ${\beta}$-catenin expression in different subcellular locations and survival results of BC patients. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. Funnel plots of Begg's and Egger's linear regression test were used to investigate publication bias. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were also assessed. All the work was completed using STATA. Results: A total of 2,204 patients from 12 evaluative studies were finally included. Pooled HRs and 95%CIs suggested that ${\beta}$-catenin expression in cytoplasm/nucleus had an unfavorable impact on both overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.40-2.65) and disease free survival (DFS)/ recurrent free survival (RFS) (HR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.20-2.13) in BC patients. However, here was no significant association between ${\beta}$-catenin expression in the membranes with OS (HR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.42-1.02) or DFS/RFS (HR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.38-1.13). Publication bias was absent in all of the four outcomes. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of this meta-analysis were robust. Conclusions: Positive ${\beta}$-catenin expression in cytoplasm/nucleus rather than in membrane is a significant prognostic factor in patients with BC who have been surgically treated.

Weight Gain and Alcohol Drinking Associations with Breast Cancer Risk in Japanese Postmenopausal Women - Results from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study

  • Nitta, Junichi;Nojima, Masanori;Ohnishi, Hirofumi;Mori, Mitsuru;Wakai, Kenji;Suzuki, Sadao;Fujino, Yoshihisa;Lin, Yingsong;Tamakoshi, Koji;Tamakoshi, Akiko
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.1437-1443
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    • 2016
  • Background: We investigated four factors, height, weight gain since age 20, physical activity, and alcohol drinking, for associations with risk of breast cancer (BC) according to menopausal status, using the latest data of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). Materials and Methods: We confined the analysis to 24 areas available of cancer incidence information, excluding women with a previous diagnosis of BC. Baseline data were collected from 38,610 (9,367 premenopausal, and 29,243 postmenopausal) women during 1988 and 1990. The study subjects were followed-up at the end of 2009, and 273 (84 premenopausal, and 189 postmenopausal) cases of BC were newly diagnosed in 501,907 person-years. The Cox model was used to estimate a hazards ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of BC risk. Results: As a result of the multivariate analysis adjusting for age at baseline survey, age at menarche, number of live births, and, age at first delivery, weight gain since age 20 of 6.7 kg-9.9 kg, and ${\geq}10.0kg$ were significantly associated with increased risk for postmenopausal BC (HR=2.48, 95% CI 1.40-4.41, and, HR=2.94, 95% CI 1.84-4.70, respectively). Significantly increased trend of BC risk was also observed in weight gain since age 20 (p for trend, p<0.001). Amount of ethanol intake per day${\geq}15.0g$ was significantly associated with increased risk for postmenopausal BC in the multivariable-adjusted analysis (HR=2.74, 95% CI 1.32-5.70). Conclusions: Higher weight gain in adulthood and larger amounts of ethanol intake were significantly associated with increased risk of BC in Japanese postmenopausal women. None of the investigated factors were significantly associated with BC risk in Japanese premenopausal women.

SK Telecom의 광대역 통합망(BcN) 서비스

  • Sin Yong-Sik;Park Yong-Gil;Yu Jae-Hwang;Im Jong-Tae
    • Information and Communications Magazine
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.35-46
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    • 2006
  • 광대역 통합망(BcN, Broadband convergence Network)은 유무선 통합, 통신과 방송 융합, 음성 및 데이터의 통합을 통하여 사용자가 원하는 품질과 보안의 정도에 따라 차별화된 광대역 멀티미디어 서비스 제공 및 관리가 가능한 네트워크이다. 본 고는 광대역 통합망의 개념 및 특징을 간략히 설명하고 SK Telecom 주관 UbiNet 컨소시엄의 1단계 (04년${\sim}$05년) 시범 사업을 통해 개발된 BcN 서비스의 내용, 인프라 구조 및 시스템 요구사항 등을 제시한다. 그리고 향후 전개될 2단계 BcN 서비스 및 SKT의 BcN 추진 방향을 제시한다.

Comparison of Bacterial Cellulose Production in a Jar Fermentor Between Acetobacter xylinum BPR2001 and its Mutant, Acetan-Nonproducing Strain EP1

  • BAE SANG OK;SUGANO YASUSHI;SHODA MAKOTO
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.247-253
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    • 2005
  • The bacterial cellulose (BC) production by a wild­strain Acetobacter xylinum BPR2001 and that by its acetan­nonproducing mutant, EPI, were compared in a jar fermentor. EPI produced about $28\%$ less BC than the wild-strain. The apparent difference in the cultivation of the two strains was the viscosity increase in the culture broth that was closely associated with acetan production. Increasing the viscosity of the culture broth of EPI by adding agar led to the formation of relatively small and uniform BC pellets, and BC production consequently became two-fold higher than that in the absence of agar and was almost equal to that by BPR2001. Therefore, acetan has an important role in BC production by inducing physical changes in the culture broth of the wild-type strain.

Comparison of TEMPO BC and MYP Plate Methods for the Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in Various Foods

  • Lee, Da Yeon;Kim, Hee Yeon;Cho, Yong Sun
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.249-253
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    • 2017
  • This study aimed to compare the automated most-probable-number (MPN) TEMPO BC and the quantitative mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin (MYP) plate methods for enumeration of Bacillus cereus in food samples known to be frequently contaminated. Food products that were naturally or artificially contaminated with B. cereus were analyzed by both methods. A difference of less than 1 log (CFU/g) between the two methods was noted in 95.3% samples. There were no significant differences in artificially contaminated products between the two methods in terms of $R^2$ values for sauce products, jorim products, fish products, etc. However, a significant difference was noted for sunsik, fermented soybean products, and products. The linear equation of naturally versus artificially contaminated food was $log_{(TEMPO\;BC)}=0.8453{\times}log_{(MYP\;plate\;agar)}+0.1642$. Statistical analysis of the results showed good agreement between the two methods. Due to growing interest in food safety, the use of the TEMPO BC method may increase. In response to this trend, the results from this study will offer valuable comparative data on the feasibility of existing methods and help develop new approaches for food safety testing.

A Study of Black Carbon Measurement in Metropolitan Area and Suburban Area of the Korean Peninsula Performed during Pre KORea-US Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) Campaign (한반도 수도권 및 준 수도권 지역의 블랙 카본 측정 연구: 한-미 협력 국내 대기질 공동 조사 연구 (KORea-US Air Quality Study, KORUS-AQ) 예비캠페인 기간을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Jeonghoon;Jeong, Byeongju;Park, Da-Jeong;Bae, Min-Suk
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.472-481
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    • 2015
  • Black carbon (BC) aerosols were monitored at the KIST site ($37.603^{\circ}N$, $127.046^{\circ}E$) and Cheonan-KOREATECH site ($36.766^{\circ}N$, $127.281^{\circ}E$) during the pre KORea-US Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) campaign using a couple of Muliti Angle Absorption Photometers (MAAP). BC mass concentrations were presented as $2.14{\pm}1.06{\mu}g/m^3$ and $0.94{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/m^3$ at KIST site (Seoul) and KOREATECH site (Cheonan), respectively. BC mass concentrations measured at KIST and KOREATECH sites from 22:00 on May 22 to 12:00 on May 23, 2015 showed 80% and 72% higher than average BC mass concentrations measured during campaign period, respectively. It indicates both sites could be influenced by a remote source. Similar patterns of BC concentrations between two sites from 20:00 to 24:00 on June 6, 2015 implies that the BC could be transported into both sites and then be stagnant inside the Korean Peninsula. Diurnal variation of BC in weekdays and weekends were also presented for the KIST and KOREATECH sites. Morning rush hour peak was observed at KIST site located in metropolitan area though no distinct morning rush hour peak was not observed at KOREATECH site located in a suburban area. This study revealed transport pathways of BC near the Korean Peninsula using back-trajectory analysis of BC measured both in a metropolitan area and in a suburban area.

Inter-comparison of Two Aethalometers for Aerosol Black Carbon Measurements (대기 에어로졸 검댕입자 측정을 위한 두 aethalometer의 상호비교)

  • Jung, Jung-Hoon;Park, Seung-Shik;Yoon, Kwan-Hoon;Cho, Sung-Yong;Kim, Seung-Jai
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.201-208
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    • 2011
  • Recently, a real-time, pocket-sized aethalometer (microAeth$^{(R)}$ model AE51) has been developed by Magee Scientific Inc. for measuring the concentration of black carbon in the atmosphere. In this study, two aethalometers, models AE-16 and AE-51, which measure the optical absorption of carbon particles at infrared 880 nm, were operated at time interval of 5-min between January 9 and February 10, 2010 at an urban site of Gwangju, to compare the accuracy of black carbon (BC) concentrations reported from the AE-51 model and to investigate reasonable sampling time of filter media in the AE-51. The air samples in the AE-51 and AE-16 models are collected on T60 (Teflon coated glass fiber) filter media (filter spot area: 0.07 $cm^2$) and quartz fiber roll-tape filter (filter spot area: 1.67 $cm^2$), respectively. Real-time measurement results indicate that when the filters were clean, the AE-51 BC was greater than or similar to the AE-16 BC data. However as the filter spots become darker, the AE-16 BC concentrations were higher than the AE-51 BC data and the difference in the BC concentrations from two AE models becomes gradually increased. Relative error in the AE-51 and AE-16 BC concentrations showed significance difference depending on used time of the filter in the AE-51 model, weather pattern, levels of air pollution, etc, ranging from 11.5% (used time of the filter in AE-51: 1,595 min) to 52.5% (used time of the filter in AE-51: 2,085 min). When considering the used time of one filter ticket in the AE-51 model and difference (or relative error %) between AE-16 and AE-51 BC concentrations, it is recommended that the standard sampling time per one filter ticket within the AE-51 model be less than approximately 24 hr (1,440 min) under the normal weather conditions except for severe haze and mist events.

Design and Analysis of Dual Band I/Q Modulator For Wireless LAN (무선랜용 이중대역 I/Q 모듈레이터의 설계 및 특성 해석)

  • Park, Hyun-Woo;Koo, Kyung-Heon
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2008
  • A dual band I/Q modulator which converts baseband input signals to 2.4GHz or 5GHz RF output has been proposed. The dual band I/Q modulator for 2.4GHz and 5GHz wireless LAN applications consists of $90^{\circ}$ phase shifter and wideband mixer. The I/Q modulator showed 15dB conversion loss at 2.4GHz and 16dB conversion loss at 5GHz. The sideband suppression is about 15dBc at 2.4GHz and 16dBc at 5GHz. Measured data shows 8.5% EVM at 2.4GHz, and 10% EVM at 5GHz for QPSK with symbol rate of 11Mbps. A carrier rejection is about 40dBc at 2.4GHz/5GHz band, and the I/Q modulator satisfied the output wireless LAN spectrum mask with baseband input signal.

Comparison of Anti-oxidative Activity in a Single Serving Size of the Commercial Coffees and Teas

  • Kim, Tae-Hun;Lee, Seulgi;Seo, Jin Woo;Bing, Sun Hye;Kim, Jong Im;Kwon, Eui-Ra;Jo, Gune-Hee;Lee, Jae-Myean;Choi, Joon Sig
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.460-469
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    • 2017
  • The aim of this work was to study the comparison of anti-oxidative activity in a single serving size of commercial coffees and teas. Commercial regular coffees and teas, including, brand regular coffees ($BC_A$, $BC_B$, $BC_C$, $BC_D$, and $BC_E$), green tea ($GT_A$, $GT_B$, $GT_C$, and $GT_D$), black tea ($BT_A$, $BT_B$, and $BT_C$), pu-erh tea ($PT_A$, $PT_B$, and $PT_C$), chamomile tea ($CT_A$, $CT_B$, and $CT_C$), peppermint tea ($P_A$, $P_B$, and $P_C$), polygonatum odoratum tea ($POT_A$, $POT_B$, and $POT_C$), and jujube tea ($JT_A$, $JT_B$, and $JT_C$) were assayed for the levels of ascorbic acid, caffeine, total content of polyphenols and flavonoids, and ability to scavenge free radicals, using two in vitro antioxidant assays. The scavenging abilities of $BC_A$ and $BC_C$ were $664.91{\pm}48.87mg$ ascorbic acid equivalent/serving size and $624.36{\pm}16.18mg$ ascorbic acid equivalent/serving size, respectively. The four beverage samples ($BC_A$, $BC_C$, $GT_D$, and $BT_A$) significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular oxidative stress induced by $H_2O_2$. These results suggest that the beverages possess significant radical scavenging ability, which may be due to the presence of antioxidants. Furthermore, the significant reducing level of ROS evidences the potential antioxidant effects of these beverages in human cells.