• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2001

The Arctic consists of numerous sedimentary basins containing voluminous natural resources and two of the world's major oil and gas producing areas. The western Siberia Basin in the Arctic region has the largest petroliferous province with an area of 800 ${\times}$ 1,200 km and produces more than 60% of total Russian oil production. The North Slope of Alaska produces about 20% of the U.S. output, i.e., 11% of the total U.S. consumption. Being small compared to those regions, the Canadian Northwest Territories and the Pechora Basin in Russia produce only fair amount of oil and natural gas. There are also many promising areas in the northern continental shelf of Russia. In addition to Russia, Svalbard and Greenland have been investigated for oil and gas. Gas hydrates are widespread in both permafrost regions and arctic continental shelf areas. The reserves of gas hydrates in the Arctic Ocean are about 20${\sim}$32% of total estimated amounts of gas hydrates in the world ocean. Mineral mining is well developed, especially in Russia. The major centers are located around the Kuznetsk Basin and Noril'sk. They are major suppliers of gold, tin, nickel, copper, platinum, cobalt, iron ore, coal as well as apatite. There are also some minings of lead-zinc in Alaska and Arctic Canada.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.689-706
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• 2009

It is usual to prioritize the spatial variables that influence housing location by a few specialist's experienced knowledge or intuition. Multiple regression techniques were used to evaluate the spatially prioritized relationships between housing density and seasonal solar intensity parameters for a total of 134 house locations. Solar radiation and duration of sunshine on winter solstice was the most important predictor of house density located in intermontane basin. In contrast to the typical theory, elevation, slope and accessibility to road were not a dominant determining factor upon the dependent variable of house density. A clear verification has been made for the hidden assumptions for the arrangement of typical Korean housing in intermontane basin that its approach is found to be more appropriate in avoiding shadow conditions, rather than exploring the ideal landform location.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2019

By applying the method of SAR interferometry to X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image of COSMO-SkyMed, detailed motion patterns of five glaciers in the Parlung Zangbo River basin, Tibetan Plateau, in January 2010 have been derived. The results indicate that flow patterns are generally constrained by the valley geometry and terrain complexity. The maximum of $123.9ma^{-1}$ is observed on glacier No.1 and the minimum of $39.4ma^{-1}$ is found on glacier No.3. The mean values of five glaciers are between 22.9 and $98.2ma^{-1}$. Glaciers No.1, No.2, No.4 and No.5 exhibit high velocities in their upper sections with big slope and low velocities in the lower sections. A moraine lake accelerates the speed of mass exchange leading to a fast flow at the terminal of glacier No.3. These glaciers generally move along the direction of decreased elevation and present a macroscopic illustration of the motion from the northwest to the southeast. The accuracy of DEM and registration conditions of DEM-simulated terrain phases has certain effects on calculations of glacier flow direction and velocity. The error field is relatively fragmented in areas inconsistent with the main flow line of the glaciers, and the shape and uniformity of glacier are directly related to the continuous distribution of flow velocity errors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.15-34
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• 2021

Syntaxonomy and Synecology on Quercus variabilis forests in Daecheong-dam basin was carried out using the methods of Braun-Blanquet phytosociology. 6 syntaxa classified as species compositions described were Quercus variabilis community, Platycarya strobilacea-Quercus variabilis community(typicum subcommunity, dictamnus dasycarpus subcommunity), Quercetum variabili-serratae, Zelkova serrata-Quercus variabilis community and Dendranthema boreale-Quercus variabilis community. All syntaxa were shown habitat environmental conditions including steep inclination of more than 30°, high rock exposure rate of more than 50% and South-facing slope. These communities excepting Dendranthema boreale-Quercus variabilis community classified as natural vegetation were identified as low emergence rate of annual plants and species compositions composed native species, so it was confirmed that relatively natural succession were proceeding well. Quercetum variabili-serratae and Dendranthema boreale-Quercus variabilis community distributed forested hillslope of open water edge were representative Quercus variabilis syntaxa in Daecheong-dam basin.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.10-20
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• 2005

The change of stream creation has a very sensitive effect on runoff analysis model using the divergence characteristic of stream. Therefore, in this study, the threshold area of stream creation was examined the change characteristic of topographical parameters. The subject basin of the research was the upper basin of the Kumho water gage station which is located in the middle of the Kumho river. The 1:25,000 numerical geography which was constructed $10{\times}10m$ mesh was used. The range of investigation of topographical parameters are number of stream order, length, area, slope, basin relief, sinuosity ratio, drainage density and total stream length etc. It was found from the result of analysis that the threshold value of 1st order stream has a very big effect on topographical parameters of basin. It was found that the threshold area of stream creation was under $0.10km^2$, the parameters showed a big change but showed a very small change over $0.10km^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2001

One of the basic tasks in hydrological analysis is to delineate drainage basins and channel networks. Characteristics of channel networks and drainage basin parameters have been used widely in hydrologic calculation and modeling. DEMs(Digital Elevation Models) are generally used to automatically map the channel networks and to delineate drainage basins. This paper presents an effort to analyze basin characteristics using various DEMs. The quantitative analysis of channel networks begins with Horton's method of classifying stream according to Horton orders in hydro-geomorphy. HGSIS(Hydro-Geo-Spatial Information System) is possible to extract parameters. Usually, hydrologists. surveyors and GSIS researchers have some difficulties in accessing satellite images and in extracting DEMs from them. Therefore, the extracted DEMs from contours of digital map is widely used to have the basic works of hydrological analysis. This study presents proper DEMs to calculate Horton's orders, width function, drainage area, main channel length, total channel length, basin elevation and basin slope at digital map of 1:25,000 scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 1995.12a
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• pp.22-32
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to estimate not only the watershed soil loss but also its temporal changes of Kyungan River basin, the study area, due to the land development. To analyze the soil loss of the river basin, USLE was employed. GIS and remote sensing were also utilized to estimate the soil loss. The data for this analysis consist of a series of thematic map and remotely sensed data. The remotely sensed images for this study are Landsat TM(Oct, 28, 1997 & Sep. 22, 1992), In Kyungan River basin, not only the detection of temporal changes of land use and GVI, but also the estimation of soil loss provided very significant factors that affect to the watershed environment quality. The management of the factors of vegetative cover, slope steepness and length were the keys to reduce soil loss and solve conservation and protection issues of Kyungan River basin. GIS application with USLE to the watershed analysis allows the planner to recognize sensitive sites and to plan strategies to minimize soil loss.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2001

Song stream is located in the upstream of the Namhan River. Normal times, the stream flows down to the east sea through the drainage pipe but at rainy season, it flows to the Namhan River. There are large stock farm, leisure town and cultivated land in this basin. The pollutants from these contamination source cause eutrophication at lake Doam and deterioration of water quality in namdai stream. In this case, this study was carried out to evaluate water quality and environmental capacity as well as economical efficiency of each industry. The basin shape factor of subject stream was 0.315, slope is higher than usual basin. The BOD, T-N and T-P productive contamination loading from each contamination source was 2,690, 974 and 194 kg/day, respectively, and major contamination source was stock farm and cultivated land. Annual BOD, T-N, T-P distribution(median value) of Song stream showed 1.0~2.2 mg/L, 3.16~5.85 mg/L and 0.024~0.197 mg/L Doam lake showed 1.1~1.9, 2.51~3.89 and 0.042~0.114 mg/L, respectively. Being compared of water quality at main stream between past and present, it showed that the water quality has improved since last five years. BOD improvement rate was 8~50%. Run off loading of BOD, T-N, T-P was 366, 1129, 17.2 kg/day, and run off rate was 13.6%, 86.2%, 11.3% respectively. Finally, the result of productivity survey of each industry, leisure town, cultivated land and large stock farm was 118, 46, 50 billion won, per T-P 1kg productive, and productivity portion was 100, 39, 42% respectively, and the highest economical efficiency industry was leisure facilities.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.6 no.1_2 s.7
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• pp.20-24
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• 1998

Expert system is one type of artificial intelligence softwares that incorporate problem-solving knowledges and experiences of human experts by use of symbolic reasoning and rules about a specific topic. In this study, an expert system, PLAYMAKER2, is used to interpret sedimentary facies and depositional settings of the sedimentary sequence. The original version of the expert system, PLAYMAKER, was developed in University of South Carolina in 1990, and modified into the present PLAYMAKER2 with some changes in the knowledge-base of the previous system. The late Cenozoic sedimentary sequence with maximum 10,000 m in thickness, which is located in the Korean Oil Exploration Block VI-1 at the southwestern margin of the Ulleung Basin, is analysed by the expert system, PLAYMAKER2. The Cenozoic sedimentary sequence is divided into two units-lower Miocene and upper Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments. The depositional settings and sedimentary facies of the Miocene sediments interpreted by PLAYMAKER2 in terms of belief values are: for depositional settings, slope; $57.4\%$, shelf; $21.4\%$, basin; $10.1\%$, and for sedimentary facies, submarine fan; $35.7\%$, continental slope; $26.3\%$, delta; $16.1\%$, deep basinplain; $6.1\%$ continental shelf; $3.2\%$, shelf margin; $1.4\%$. The depositional settings and sedimentary facies of the Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments in terms of belief values we: for depositional settings, slope; $59.0\%$, shelf; $22.8\%$, basin; $7.0\%$, and for sedimentary facies, delta; $24.1\%$, continental slope; $22.2\%$, submarine fan; $17.3\%$, continental shelf; $7.0\%$, deep basinplain; $4.8\%$, shelf margin; $2.6\%$. The comparison of the depositional settings and sedimentary facies consulted by PLAYMAKER2 with those of the classical interpretation from previous studies shows resonable similarity for the both sedimentary units-the lower Miocene sediments and the upper Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments. It demonstrates that PLAYMAKER2 is an efficient tool to interpret the depositional setting and sedimentary facies for sediments. However, to be a more reliable system, many sedimentologists should work to refine and add geological rules in the knowledge-base of the expert system, PLAYMAKER2.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.2 s.163
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• pp.151-160
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• 2006

In this study, threshold runoff which is a hydrologic component of flash flood guidance(FFG) is estimated by using Manning's bankfull flow and Geomorphoclimatic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph(GcIUH) methods on Han River watershed. Geographic Information System(GIS) and 3' Digital Elevation Model database have been used to prepare the basin parameters of a very fine drainage area($1.02\~56.41km^2$), stream length and stream slope for threshold runoff computation. Also, cross-sectional data of basin and stream channel are collected for a statistical analysis of regional regression relationships and then those are used to estimate the stream parameters. The estimated threshold runoff values are ranged from 2 mm/h to 14 mm/6hr on Han River headwater basin with the 1-hour duration values are$97\%$ up to 8mm and the 6-hour values are $98\%$ up to 14mm. The sensitivity analysis shows that threshold runoff is more variative to the stream channel cross-sectional factors such as a stream slope, top width and friction slope than the drainage area. In comparisons between the computed threshold runoffs on this study area and the three other regions in the United States, the computed results on Han River watershed are reasonable.