• 제목/요약/키워드: Basic organic chemistry

검색결과 157건 처리시간 0.025초

Quantitative Analysis of Trace pp'-DDE in Corn Oil by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry : Uncertainty Evaluations

  • 김병주;김달호;최종오;소헌영
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제20권8호
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    • pp.910-916
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    • 1999
  • A current interest in chemistry concerns traceability of analytical measurements to the International System of Units (SI) and the proper estimation of their uncertainties in accordance with the internationally agreed guide provided by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) is regarded as a primary method, which make the measurement results traceable to SI units without significant empirical correction factors. Our laboratory, as the national standards institute of Korea, participated in an intercomparison of environmental analysis, pp'-DDE in corn oil, which was organized by the CCQM under supervision of the CIPM to test feasibility of IDMS as a primary method for the trace analysis of organic compounds. In this report, we provide basic equations used for the calculation of the concentration of the analyte in a sample and a precise description of the processes for the evaluation of the uncertainties of the measurement results. Also, we report the experimental conditions adopted to improve the accuracy of the IDMS measurement. The principles contained in ??Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement'' provided by ISO are followed for the uncertainty evaluation.

$Cd(SOCCH_3)_2Lut_2$를 이용한 CdS 나노입자의 용이한 합성 방법 및 광학적 특성 (One-pot Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles by Using $Cd(SOCCH_3)_2Lut_2$ Precusor and Their Optical Characteristics)

  • 장승현
    • 통합자연과학논문집
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.285-288
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    • 2009
  • A synthetic route for 12 metal thiocarboxylate complex, $Cd(SOCCH_3)_2Lut_2$ [Lut = 3,5-dimethylpyridine (lutidine)], were investigated for their potential to act as precursors for the formation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. $Cd(SOCCH_3)_2Lut_2$ were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Thermal decomposition of $Cd(SOCCH_3)_2Lut_2$ is expected to undergo thiocarboxylic anhydride elimination to give stoichiometric cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and removes the organic supporting ligands cleanly. Prepared cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were characterized by fluorescence and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and displayed an emission band at 500 nm with an excitation wavelength of 360 nm.

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Hydrosilylation of Photoluminescent Porous Silicon with Aromatic Molecules; Stabilization of Photoluminescence and Anti-photobleaching Properties of Surface-Passivated Luminescent Porous Silicon

  • Sohn, Honglae
    • 통합자연과학논문집
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.147-154
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    • 2021
  • A luminescent porous silicon sensor, whose surface was passivated with organic molecule via hydrosilylation under various conditions, has been researched to measure the photoluminescence (PL) stability of porous silicon (PSi). Photoluminescent PSi were synthesized by an electrochemical etching of n-type silicon wafer under the illumination with a 300 W tungsten filament bulb during the etching process. The PL of PSi displayed at 650 nm, which is due to the quantum confinement of silicon quantum dots in the PSi. To stabilized the photoluminescence of PSi, the hydrosilylation of PSi with silole molecule containg vinyl group was performed. Surface morphologies of fresh PSi and surface-modified PSi were obtained with a cold FE-SEM. Optical characterization of red photoluminescent silicon quantum dots was investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectrometer.

P123-Templated Co3O4/Al2O3 Mesoporous Mixed Oxides for Epoxidation of Styrene

  • Jung, Mie-Won;Kim, Young-Sil
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.316-320
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    • 2012
  • $Co_3O_4$, $Al_2O_3$ and $Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ mesoporous powders were prepared by a sol-gel method with starting matierals of aluminum isopropoxide and cobalt (II) nitrate. A P123 template is employed as an active organic additive for improving the specific surface area of the mixed oxide by forming surfactant micelles. A transition metal cobalt oxide supported on alumina with and without P123 was tested to find the most active and selective conditions as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reaction of styrene epoxidation. A bBlock copolymer-P123 template was added to the staring materials to control physical and chemical properties. The properties of $Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ powder with and without P123 were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), a Bruner-Emmertt-Teller (BET) surface analyzer, and $^{27}Al$ MAS NMR spectroscopy. Powders with and without P123 were compared in catalytic tests. The catalytic activity and selectivity were monitored by GC/MS, $^1H$, and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy. The performance for the reaction of epoxidation of styrene was observed to be in the following order: [$Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ with P123-1173 K > $Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ with P123-973 K > $Co_3O_4$-973 K>$Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$-973 K > $Co_3O_4$/$Al_2O_3$ with P123-1473 K > $Al_2O_3$-973 K]. The existence of ${\gamma}$-alumina and the nature of the surface morphology are related to catalytic activity.

Characteristics of Plasma Polymer Thin Films for Low-dielectric Application

  • Cho, S.J.;Boo, J.H.
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.124-124
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    • 2011
  • This study investigated the interaction of varied plasma power with ultralow-k toluene-tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) hybrid plasma polymer thin films, as well as changing electrical and mechanical properties. The hybrid thin films were deposited on silicon(100) substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. Toluene and tetraethoxysilane were utilized as organic and inorganic precursors. In order to compare the electrical and the mechanical properties, we grew the hybrid thin films under various conditions such as rf power of plasma, bubbling ratio of TEOS to toluene, and post annealing temperature. The hybrid plasma polymer thin films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindenter, I-V curves, and capacitance. Also, the hybrid thin films were analyzed by using ellipsometry. The refractive indices varied with the RF power, the bubbling ratio of TEOS to toluene, and the annealing temperature. To analyze their trends of electrical and mechanical properties, the thin films were grown under conditions of various rf powers. The IR spectra showed them to have completely different chemical functionalities from the liquid toluene and TEOS precursors. Also, The SiO peak intensity increased with increasing TEOS bubbling ratio, and the -OH and the CO peak intensities decreased with increasing annealing temperature. The AFM images showed changing of surface roughness that depended on different deposition rf powers. An nanoindenter was used to measure the hardness and Young' modulus and showed that both these values increased as the deposition RF power increased; these values also changed with the bubbling ratio of TEOS to toluene and with the annealing temperature. From the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) results, the thickness of the thin films was determined before and after the annealing, with the thickness shrinkage (%) being measured by using SEM cross-sectional images.

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Ultralow-n SiO2 Thin Films Synthesized Using Organic Nanoparticles Template

  • Dung, Mai Xuan;Lee, June-Key;Soun, Woo-Sik;Jeong, Hyun-Dam
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제31권12호
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    • pp.3593-3599
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    • 2010
  • In an original effort, this lab attempted to employ polystyrene nanoparticles as a template for the synthesis of ordered and highly porous macroporous $SiO_2$ thin films, utilizing their high combustion temperature and narrow size distribution. However, polystyrene nanoparticle thin films were not obtained due to the low interaction between individual particles and between the particle and silicon substrate. However, polystyrene-polyacrylic acid (PS-AA) colloidal particles of a core-shell structure were synthesized by a one-pot miniemulsion polymerization approach, with hydrophilic polyacrylic acid tails on the particle surface that improved interaction between individual particles and between the particle and silicon substrate. The PS-AA thin films were spin-coated in the thickness ranges from monolayer to approximately $1.0\;{\mu}m$. Using the PS-AA thin films as sacrificial templates, macroporous $SiO_2$ thin films were successfully synthesized by vapor deposition or conventional solution sol-gel infiltration methods. Inspection with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the macroporous $SiO_2$ thin films consist of interconnected air balls (~100 nm). Typical macroporous $SiO_2$ thin films showed ultralow refractive indices ranging from 1.098 to 1.138 at 633 nm, according to the infiltration conditions, which were confirmed by spectroscopy ellipsometry (SE) measurements. This research shows how the synthetic control of the macromolecule such as hydrophilic polystyrene nanopaticles and silicate sol precursors innovates the optical properties and processabilities for actual applications.

리튬 이차전지용 고체전해질 개발 동향 (Research Trend of Solid Electrolyte for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries)

  • 서순성;이철우;김건
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2012
  • 최근 리튬이차전지는 높은 에너지 밀도와 고용량화되어 급속도로 발전하고 있다. 그 중에서도 친환경 수송 장치의 전기자동차가 주목 받고 있는데 이를 위해서는 리튬이차전지의 많은 성능개선이 요구된다. 현재 리튬이차전지는 '하이브리드 전기자동차 (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV)'에 실제 적용되고 있으며 이를 위해서 높은 용량, 긴 수명, 그리고 안전성 확보가 반드시 필요하다. 하지만현재 리튬이차전지에서 리튬이온의 이동을 위해 사용하는 유기전해액의 과열 및 과충전 상태에서 폭발의 위험성을 가지고 있기에 높은 안전성을 가진 고체전해질로의 대체가 시급하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 리튬이차전지의 안정성 및 성능 개선을 위한 고체전해질의 연구 동향과 출원된 특허 및 논문에 대하여 논의하고자 한다.

쑥 추출물(抽出物)의 밭토양중(土壤中) 요소분해(尿素分解), 질산화(窒酸化) 작용(作用) 억제효과(抑制效果) (Inhibition of Urea Hydrolysis and Nitrification in Upland Soils by Artemisia asiatica Extracts)

  • 임선욱;신명호;박현준;김민균
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.392-399
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구에서는 합성 요소억제제나 질산화억제제와는 달리 쑥(Artemisia asiatica)과 같은 천연물에 의한 토양중 요소분해와 질산화작용에 대한 저해효과를 검토하고저 하였다. 이를 위 위하여 쑥의 열수추출액과 유기용매 분획추출물을 준비하여 밭토양에 처리하였고 2일, 5일 동안 배양후에 요소태질소와 암모늄태질소, 질산태 질소를 측정하고 요소분해균과 urease 효소활성에 대한 각 추출액과 분획추출물의 영향도 검토하였다. 이번 실험을 통하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 쑥잎의 열수추출액은 요소분해를 미약한 수준으로 촉진하였으나 반면 질산화작용은 억제하였고, 쑥잎 열수추출액을 0.5ml, 3.0 ml를 가하였을 때 질산태 질소함량은 무처리구에 비하여 각각 65.2%, 68.8% 줄어들었다. 쑥잎의 유기용매 분획추출물 중, chloroform분획을 제외한 모든 분획물이 요소분해에 대해 저해효과를 나타내었고 chloroform/methanol 분획을 2.0 ml 가했을 때, 잔존한 요소태질소 함량은 무처리구의 5.8배로 요소분해억제효과가 가장 좋았다. 한편 유기용매 분획추출물들의 질산화작용 억제효과 유무는 불명확 하였다. urease activity의 경우, 요소분해율이 무처리구와 비교시 97.5%에서 99.50%로 높게 나타났기 때문에 분획물이 urease의 활성을 저해하지 않는 것으로 생각되었다. 요소분해 bacteria 수는, 쑥의 chloroform 분획을 처리한 경우를 제외하고 모든 처리에 의해 감소하였다 (적요 2의 결과와 일치). 이로서 요소분해 저해효과는 urease의 활성을 저해하기 보다는 요소분해균을 저해하기 때문에 나타나는 것으로 생각되었다. 각 추출물 성분에 대한 예비시험과 박층 chromatogram을 통해, 그 조성이 복잡하고 다양한 화합물들이 요소분해와 질산화작용 억제과정에 관여할 것으로 추측되며 이를 분획 또는 단일활성 물질을 추적하여 그 효과를 확인할 일이다.

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도시 소각로 시설의 고형 쓰레기 연소 후 생성된 바닥재 시료에 대한 다이옥신과 퓨란류의 분석 (Analysis of Dioxins and Furans from Bottom Ash Produced in an Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator)

  • 장윤석;홍종기;김진영
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제39권7호
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    • pp.513-523
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    • 1995
  • 다이옥신은 환경에 미량으로 존재하며 직접, 간접적인 경로를 통해 인체로 들어와 심각한 문제를 일으키는, 화학적으로 안정하고 잔류성과 독성이 강한 오염물질이다. 쓰레기 처리를 위한 소각로 시설은 다이옥신에 대한 대기오염의 주원인으로 알려져 있는데 연소시 소각로내에서와 배기가스 제어과정 중 다이옥신이 발생되는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 쓰레기 소각로에서 연소 후 생성된 바닥재 시료를 채취하여 다이옥신과 퓨란류를 조사하였다. 시료의 전처리는 EPA방법을 개선하여 불필요한 과정을 생략하면서 높은 회수율을 유지하였고 최종 정량은 고분해능 기체 크로마토그래피/고분해능 질량분석기(HRGC/HRMS)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 바닥재 시료를 분석한 전체 다이옥신의 양은 8.05 ng/g, 퓨란은 4.75 ng/g정도이었으며 2,3,7,8-TCDD는 6.93 pg/g이 검출되었고 염소원자 가 6~7개 치환된 다이옥신과 퓨란이 가장 많이 검출되는 경향을 볼 수 있었다.

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타임으로부터의 플라보노이드 화합물의 추출 조건 최적화 (Optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoid compounds from Thyme (Thymus vulgaris Libiatae))

  • 박윤진;이주미;인만진;채희정
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제63권1호
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    • pp.111-116
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    • 2020
  • 타임, 바질, 로즈마리 등 20종의 허브 식물에 대한 80% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성을 분석하였다. 탐색 대상 허브 식물 중 타임 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 6.90±0.02 mg CAE/100 g로 높은 값을 보였으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 1.71±0.19 mg NE/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 또한 DPPH radical 소거능은 93.14±0.23%로 매우 높은 수준의 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. 타임으로부터 플라보노이드를 추출하기 위하여 용매로서 물, 에탄올, 메탄올, 헥산 중 추출수율이 높은 헥산을 추출용매로 선정하였다. 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 타임 추출물의 최적화 추출조건으로 추출온도는 35.9 ℃, 농도는 1.63%, 시간은 192분이었다. 예측된 조건으로 제조한 타임 n-헥산 추출물의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 예측 값의 96.3%로 반응표면분석법에 의한 추출조건 최적화의 신뢰성이 검증되었다. 이상의 최적화된 추출 조건은 플라보노이드의 생산을 위한 타임의 용매추출 조건으로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.