• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 1999

To develope wild flower collected from Chollabuk-do area resource plant species were investigated from May 1996 to April 1997. This study was focussed to make the basic data for better quality of breeding species from wild flower species and to keep proper gene pool for development with competitive power internationally in future. There was 131 species blooming in spring season(34.7%), 219 species in summer(58.1%), 25 species in autumn(6.6%) and 2 species in winter(0.5%), respectively. Flower color of all the plants was 26 kinds in diverse, among them, white flowers were occupied dominantly of 28.9%, yellow flowers, 20.7%, violet flowers, 16.4% and red purple flowers, 7.9%, respectively. Transplanted wild flower plants at the garden in the study area frequently were Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum, Hemerocallis fulva, Iris nertschinskia, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Pulsatilla koreana, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum, Taraxacum platycarpum, Chrysanthemum boreale, Liriope platyphylla and Lycoris radiata. Twenty-six species of wild flowers such as Cymbidium goeringii, H. fulva, L. radiata, C. zawadskii var. latilobum, etc. were collected from their habitat and being selling at the market or road side. Total 343 taxa of wild flowers to prevent carrying out to foreign countries and to improve better quality were selected and recommended in this study, for example, they were 41 taxa of Compositae plant, 25 of Rosaceae, 20 of Liliaceae and 18 of Ranunculaceae in order. Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Cypripedium japonicum, C. macranthum, Calanthe discolor, Dicentra spectabilis, Ilex cornuta, Stewartia koreana, Abeliophyllum distichum, Forsythia saxatilis and Campanula glomerata var. dahurica should be protected as wild flowers because their numbers are decreasing remarkably, belong to rare species, being at a crisis to extinct species and important plants for research materials.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.864-875
• /
• 2015

This study investigated the sanitary characteristics of commercial salted semi-dried convict grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus (SSD-CG) and longneck croaker Pseudotolithus typus (SSD-LC) and suggested standards for salted semi-dried fish (SSD-F), based on the domestic standards for salted mackerel (Scomber japonicus or kwamegi) and salted dried yellow corvenia (Pseudosciaena manchurica), and sanitary characteristics of commercial SSD-F. For the commercial SSD-CG and SSD-LC, respectively, the moisture content ranged from 64.6-76.1 and 65.7-77.5%, salinity from 2.7-8.2 and 1.5-4.9%, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) from 22.1-88.2 and 13.5-87.4 mg/100 g, peroxide value (POV) from 17.2-195.0 and 28.5-190.2 mEq/kg, and viable cell counts from 6.1-8.4 and 5.4-7.2 log (CFU/g). No Escherichia coli was detected in six kinds of SSD-CG or three kinds of SSD-LC. The standard for controlling the quality of SSD-F is the moisture content (>68%), salinity (>3%), VBN content (>50 mg/100 g), POV (>60 mEq/kg), viable cell counts (>$10^6$ CFU/g), E. coli (>MPN/100 g), and others. Using the established standards, no commercial SSD-F passed. The chemical, microbial, and other results for commercial SSD-F suggest that provisions for controlling the quality of high-quality SSD-F should be established.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2014

Eggs development and early life history of the endangered Korean dwarf loach, Kichulchoia brevifasciata (Teleostei: Cobitidae) was investigated to provide basic information regarding biological characteristics and restoration. Adult fish specimens were sampled using a spoon net at Geurnsan-myeon, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea from June to July 2011. Since, spawning characteristics were analyzed, and females were induced to spawn by injecting Ovaprim (0.5 mL/kg) and their eggs were artificially fertilized with sperms by the dry method in the laboratory. Total length of mature female were 46~76 mm with GSI $9.6{\pm}3.77%$, and total length of mature male was 42~52 mm with GSI $3.5{\pm}1.04%$. Sex ratio (♂/♀) was 0.10, and there were no secondary sexual characteristics. The number of mature eggs was averaged $60{\pm}28.7$ per female. The lemon yellow eggs were slightly adhesive $1.46{\pm}0.07mm$ in diameter. The embryo hatched approximately 66 h after fertilization at $25^{\circ}C$, and the hatched larvae were averaged $5.5{\pm}0.07mm$ in total length (TL). At 6 days after hatching, the larvae averaged $9.0{\pm}0.29mm$(TL) and their yolk sac was completely absorbed. At 17 days after hatching, they entered the juvenile stage and reached $12.6{\pm}0.24mm$ (TL). At 80 days after hatching, the band patterns and external form of the juveniles were similar to those of adults, and they averaged $33.0{\pm}2.19mm$(TL).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2012

We investigated environmental characteristics of the tidal flat oyster aquafarms to clarifyeffects of the tidal flat environmental factors on growth and mortality of the tidal flat oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Net Bag Rack Culture System in two districts in Western Korea. In this study, we have carried out the basic environmental investigation on growth of the single tidal flat, water quality and sediments, etc. in Taean and Seosan districts, Choongcheongnam-do, where the single tidal flat oyster aquaculture have been performed by the net bag rack culture system. In June 2011 when the final survey carried out at the two districts in western Korea, the mortality in Seosan district was higher than that in Tae-an district. Judging from the results of growth and mortality of the single tidal flat oysters investigated at two sites of Jinsan-ri in Taean and Chang-ri in Seosan districts, two results of Taean district showed higher growth and lower mortality than those of Seosan district. It is assumed that the proper acceptable density possible for growth of the tidal flat seeds and the secure of economics, in case of plastic cultivate net with the size of $50{\times}80cm$, are about 200 individuals. In this study, It was clarified that selection of the suitable sites, the input into the net bag of high quality oyster seeds and selective dispersion in the optimal density of the single tidal flat oyster have an effect on growth and mortality of the tidal flat oyster.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.66-77
• /
• 2019

The present study investigated pine trees, which forms a major plantation species in Korea, with the objective of improving the survival rate of pine trees after planting. Growth responses and characteristics were assessed by controlling the level of fertilizer application, which is a basic controlling the growth of pine seedlings, to identify the optimal fertilization treatment. Pine tree seedlings were grown in 104 containers and were examined 8 weeks after planting. Stem height and were measured at 4-week intervals. In terms of fertilization treatment for 1-0 pine seedlings, the treatment group with gradually-increasing fertilizer concentration ($500{\rightarrow}1000{\rightarrow}1000{\rightarrow}1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) had the biggest increase in stem height and diameter at the root. The survey results indicated that the increased concentration treatment group and the gradually-increasing concentration treatment group had more growth compared with that in the fixed concentration treatment group. The gradually-increasing concentration treatment group ($500{\rightarrow}1000{\rightarrow}1000{\rightarrow}1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) had the highest total dry matter production. Nine weeks after fertilization, the tips of the pine leaves turned yellow in the fixed concentration treatment group ($3000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). The same phenomenon was observed in the treatment group in which the concentration was increased to $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, and in the gradually-increasing concentration treatment group, when the concentration was raised up to $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. We concluded that the optimal fertilization conditions for producing healthy pine 1-0 seedlings involve fertilizing once a week with Multifeed 19 at $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the seedling period, Multifeed 19 at $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the rapid growth period, and Multifeed 32 at $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the maturation period.