• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.56-68
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• 2024

This study aimed to derive the concept and types of school outdoor spaces in Seoul. The research results showed that the concept of school outdoor space can be viewed as an outdoor activity space in schools that secures the value of integrated public life and communal life, including "behavioral rights, walking rights, living rights, urban rights, landscape rights (viewing rights), and nature experience rights." It can also be defined as a basic educational space that reflects the value of education, which is the basic function of schools and the characteristics of the community. As a result of the analysis based on the general types of outdoor spaces, it was found that the outdoor spaces of Seoul schools can be divided into three major categories: walking space (movement function), educational space (educational activities), and rest and other spaces (other services). Based on this, outdoor spaces were categorized and subcategorized to serve as the basis for policy implementation. These classifications are characterized by 1) simplifying the classification of spaces by function into three (movement functions, educational activities, and other services) to enable the use of outdoor spaces for integrated purposes; 2) reflecting the complex use of spaces by subdividing educational spaces focusing on major activities, and in particular, discovering complex spaces due to the three-dimensionalization of buildings; and 3) enabling spatial-level planning and facility element-level access according to school characteristics. It is characterized by applying the recent trends and systems of general outdoor space projects to the current situation of schools.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

The Earth's surface temperature still continues to rise, and extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves, drought, and precipitation have been repeated every year. It is reported that international communities attribute the main cause of the Earth's surface temperature rise to the excessive use of the fossil energy. Recently, the damage caused by climate change is getting worse, and the place where we live is suffering the most. Cities have been continuously growing not only meeting the basic functions of human habitation, work and leisure but also being places for various economic and social activities. But Cities, the victims of climate change, have grown only considering human needs and convenience rather than predicting their physical and ecological systems(Albedo effects, urban microclimate, resources and energy of the circulatory system, etc). In other words, the cities offer the cause of the problems of climate change, and even worsen the extreme weather phenomena without coping with them. Therefore, it is urgent priorities to protect the climate, to prevent the causes of the extreme weather phenomena and to enhance the adaptive capacity for the worse weather events. This study is to derive the concept for adapting to these climate changes which can make cities escape from exposure to these climate change impacts and make themselves safer places to live. And it analyzes some European cities and present developing models to implement planning methods. In this study, the concept of the climate adaptive cities will be suggested to prepare the adaptation measures for urban planners, and climate change adaptation models will be presented by analyzing some preliminary cases.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.871-880
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to explore preservice earth science teachers' understanding of volcanic systems using a modified version of InVEST Volcanic Concept Survey (InVEST VCS, Parham et al., 2010). Results showed that participants' understanding of volcanic concepts was rather limited. Questions requiring only basic content knowledge (e.g., terminology associated with volcano) received high scoring responses, while questions requiring higher order thinking and deeper conceptual connections as the mechanics of volcanic eruption received low scoring responses. Specifically, the prediction of hazards and impacts on the environment appeared to be poorly understood. VCS results can be applied to improve the subject content knowledge as well as the pedagogical knowledge that instructors may use when they assess students' understanding of volcanism within a solid conceptual framework.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1435-1439
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• 2004

Most recently, CP(Cellular Phone) has been one of the most important technologies in the IT(Information Tech-nology) field, and it is situated in a position of great importance industrially and economically. To produce the best CP in the world, a new technological concept and its advanced implementation technique is required, due to the extreme level of competition in the world market. The RT(Robot Technology) has been developed as the next generation of a future technology. Current robots require advanced technology, such as soft computing, human-friendly interface, interaction technique, speech recognition, object recognition etc. unlike the industrial robots of the past. Therefore, this paper explains conceptual research for development of the RCP(Robotic Cellular Phone), a new technological concept, in which a synergy effect is generated by the merging of IT & RT. RCP infra consists of $RCP^{Mobility}$ $RCP^{Interaction}$, $RCP^{Integration}$ technologies. For $RCP^{Mobility}$, human-friendly motion automation and personal service with walking and arming ability are developed. $RCP^{Interaction}$ ability is achieved by modeling an emotion-generating engine and $RCP^{Integration}$ that recognizes environmental and self conditions is developed. By joining intelligent algorithms and CP communication network with the three base modules, a RCP system is constructed. Especially, the RCP mobility system is focused in this paper. $RCP^{Mobility}$ is to apply a mobility technology, which is popular robot technology, to CP and combine human-friendly motion and navigation function to CP. It develops a new technological application system of auto-charging and real-world entertainment function etc. This technology can make a CP companion pet robot. It is an automation of human-friendly motions such as opening and closing of CPs, rotation of antenna, manipulation and wheel-walking. It's target is the implementation of wheel and manipulator functions that can give service to humans with human-friendly motion. So, this paper presents the definition, the basic theory and experiment results of the RCP mobility system. We confirm a good performance of the RCP mobility system through the experiment results.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.117-123
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• 2020

This study intended to develop the Performance Evaluation system for the modern pentathlon such as an Olympic sporting event. The performance evaluation index system for the modern pentathlon was developed by Microsoft Excel 2016 with Visual Basic for Application that it is able to be understandable for the practical field in sport. Consequently, the system for the performance evaluation index is able to be developed within the concept of performance analysis of sport such as a notational analysis of sport. And the performance indicators for the performance evaluation index were selected by the skills to make successful outcomes. Finally, the simulation with big data gathering by the developed system would be requested that systematic reviews on successful outcomes in other sporting events would be necessary.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.563-574
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• 2016

This paper is a research on the curriculums of network and digital creation tools among SW education in order to apply them to SW curriculum in education fields. For doing so, a curriculum model was developed by extracting main key words through the analyses of domestic and foreign SW curriculum, and reorganization of concept understanding and learning activity elements was made so as to be fit to characteristics of each curriculum. And curriculums were remodeled by curriculum such like concept understanding was focussed in network, activities in digital creation tools and its validity was suggested through expert verification by composing contents elements based on the results. Also, this model was proposed so that each school could recompose it easily by combining contents elements of other curriculums. Therefore, the suggested model could be utilized as a basic research data in applying domestic SW curriculum standard model.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-85
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• 2017

Objectives : In relation to Qi and Humor, the paper makes a new suggestion of the Mechanism of Qi and Humor. The paper's objective is to establish a theoretical framework of the Mechanism of Qi and Humor with an aim of providing useful insights on understanding the symptoms of illness displayed by Taeumin.. Methods : A number of materials from Lee Je Ma's Dongyisusebowon, Dongyisusebowon sasangchobonkwon, and texts within Dongmuyoogo that deal in Qi and Humor will be reviewed. Results : Along with the Mechanism of Water and Food, the Mechanism of Qi and Humor is a comprehensive concept that sustains life activities. In more detail, the Mechanism of Qi and Humor can be considered as a mechanism that takes a more active role in controlling the elements that composes the body. Conclusions : Through a basic research on the Mechanism of Qi and Humor, the paper pondered the possibility of Taeumin's symptoms of illness. Based on this result, future theoretical studies on the Mechanism of Qi and Humor should lead to the research of Taeumin's symptoms of illness.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to reveal the prevalence of Mibyeong and its symptoms including fatigue, pain, sleep disturbance, dyspepsia, depression, anxiety and anger by using the national survey. Methods : Questionnaires were collected by Gallup Korea. Participants were chosen through stratified sampling method based on area, gender and age. Questionnaire was designated to confirm the recognition, managing of Mibyeong, investigation of life habit, medical history, basic information, QoL questionnaires (Short Form-12, EuroQol-5D) and understanding of Mibyeong medical service conditions. Generally all questionnaires were used for survey the Mibyeong status in public except QoL questionnaires. Questionnaires were fulfilled by professional surveyor as face to face interview. Descriptives was used for data analysis and the results were expressed as percentage ratios (%) Results : 1,101 of people were acquired in this study. Eighty point two (80.2%) percent of participants did not know the concept of Mibyeong accurately even though 80.6% complained of Mibyeong related symptoms. Among them, fatigue was accounted for the highest response (70.7%)in this study. Sixty point four percent of participants identified non-smoking, stop drinking, eating habits and sleeping habits as a way to manage their Mibyeong related symptoms. In addition, exercising (60.8%), visiting medical institution (58.4%) and taking health functional food (52.7%) were presented. Only 23.1% among people with symptoms Mibyeong visited medical facilities. Moreover, the quality of life was found to be significantly correlated with health status. Conclusions : This study could contribute to express the importance of announcing the concept of Mibyeong and status to Korean public. Moreover, more Mibyeong studies should be conducted in the future to evaluate the Mibyeong status objectively.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.1
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• pp.267-303
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• 1999

The visual humor can be regarded as an original source for creative ideation. There are several types of humor. for example,'wit, satire, irony and so on. These can be motivations of developing an up-to-date idea. Wit differs from most humor in being purely intellectual, rather than relying on incongruities that come up naturally in many situations. The humor of words contains pun, hyperbole, repetition, and comparison or contrast. Especially in case of pun, it can be most important type of humor for making analytical and humorous effects visually. Pun, meaning the humor of double meaning, furnish us with much of our humor. The concept of pun is the most valuable for creating the visual humor by substituting, combining and manipulating symbols. There are essentially three distinct categories of puns : the literal pun, the suggestive pun, and the comparative pun. All types of puns belong to one of these three groups. The definitions are simple to understand and easy to apply for creating the visual humor, In order to develop a better conceptual model, (this researcher) reexamine the concept of humor, the relationship of humor to various types of message processing, and the relationship of humor to various aspects of message. This thesis. is primarily concerned with basic theories of humor such as concepts of humor, types of humor and analysis of humor. And this contains the research of humor's communications effects and theory of humor response with literature reviews. Modem theories of humor response generally fall into three major schools : Incongruity theories, Superiority theories and Arousal (Relief theories. Together these three approaches address the cognitive-perceptual, affective-evaluative and psycho-dynamic dimensions of a subject's humor response. The literature research of humor and humor response theory in communications and visual communications can help the visual application of humor concepts and usefulness of visual humor appeals. This research agreed that the humor and visual humor must be very effective at being as a means for the advertising expression, not for the purpose itself. In addition, this research is aimed at studying significations and usefulness of visual humor through semiotic approaches in the near future. Then it can be essencial research for the appropriate situational uses of humor related to media, product, and audience factors, such as nationality, age, standard of living, sexuality, and so on.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.298-306
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• 2005

Objectives : To develop measurement scales of Internet addiction, and propose a Korean Internet Addiction Index (K-IAI) and classification criteria for Internet addiction from the threshold scores developed. Methods : The identification of the concept of 'Internet addiction' was based on the literature review. To select the scales, an exploratory factor analysis was applied. A construct validation was tested by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a structured equation model (SEM). In testing the validity of the classification criteria, ANOVA and non-recursive models with SEM were applied. Results : Out of 1,080 questionnaires distributed, 1,037 were returned,; a response rate of 96%. The Cronbach-$\alpha$ of all items was over 0.75. Using an exploratory factor analysis in the condition of a 6 factor constrain as the study model proposed, 23 of the initial 28 items were identified. In testing the discriminant and convergent validity of the selected 23 scales using CFA with SEM, the Internet addiction model explained about 93% of all variances of the data collected, and all the latent variables significantly explained the designated scales. A K-IAI was proposed using the T-scores of the sum of all factor averages. In the classification of users, the basic concept was a twostandard deviation approach of the K-IAI as the criteria of MMPI. The addiction group had a score ${\geq}70$ in the K-IAI, the pre-addiction group between ${\geq}50$ and <70, and the average user group <50. The Internet use times of the classified groups were statistically different in the ANOVA and multiple comparisons. Conclusions : The K-IAI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring Internet addiction. Moreover, the taxonomy of the groups was also verified using various methods.