• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.745-749
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• 2017

Climate change and energy security are major factors for future national energy policy. To resolve these issues, many countries are focusing on creating new growth industries and energy services such as smartgrid, renewable energy, microgrid, energy management system, and peer to peer energy trading. The financial and economic evaluation of new energy services basically requires energy savings estimation technologies. This paper presents the baseline load estimation method, which is used to calculate energy savings resulted from participating in the new energy program, using moving average model with heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) adjustment. To demonstrate the improvement of baseline load estimation accuracy, the proposed method is tested. The results of case studies are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed baseline load estimation method.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2014

This paper describes reasonable methods by considering change of outdoor temperature into Customer Baseline Load(CBL) of Demand Resources in Smart Demand Resource Market, which controls peak power demand and maintains reliability of power system. The Smart Demand Resouce Market, which KPX(Korea Power Exchange) implement, is explained and then effects for CBL calculated by considering temperature correction factor are established. Finally, four methods for calculation of CBL are proposed and those results are compared and analyzed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

As global demand for energy, energy prices, and power generation has increased worldwide, the government is turning to supply-oriented electricity supply and demand policies, such as behavior-based energy efficiency programs. In order to measure the implementation effect of the behavior-based energy efficiency program, the energy reduction must be accurately calculated by calculating the customer baseline load.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.324-329
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• 2018

전력 시스템의 환경이 변화함에 따라 새로운 전기 에너지 시장에 대한 수요와 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 특히 수요반응 프로그램을 활용하여 전력 사용 효율을 높이기 위한 노력은 선진국에서 지속적으로 연구되고 있으며 실제 시장으로 운영되고 있다. 본 논문은 수요반응, 마이크로그리드 간 거래, P2P 전력 거래 등 새로운 전력 시장에서 요구되는 기준부하 추정 방법에 대한 연구를 담고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 기준부하추정 방법은 마이크로그리드 수요자원에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 기준부하추정 알고리즘을 선택하게 하였으며, 실제 데이터를 활용하여 제안된 방법의 실효성을 입증하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2009

In this study firstly we survey the calculation method and the characteristics of the way of estimating CBL(Customer BaseLine Load) that is important calculation tool for DRP internationally. Also we analyze the power consumption pattern using the 15 minutes load profiles of about 120,000 customers in domestic. Based on this pattern, we provide the CBL calculation method that can be utilized in DRP to save the cost, and analyze the accuracy of the CBL calculation proposed in this paper through the simulation.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.551_552
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 수요반응 프로그램 설계 시 프로그램의 효과를 평가할 때 사용되는 CBL (Customer Baseline Load)의 추정방법으로 일기보정을 고려한 가중이동평균법 (Weighted Moving Average)을 제시하였다. 또한 제안된 방법을 PJM에서 관리하는 지역 전력 수요 데이터를 이용한 사례연구 수행 결과를 예시하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2016

In the current study, we investigated the longitudinal association between dietary acid load and the risk of insulin resistance (IR) in the Tehranian adult population. This longitudinal study was conducted on 925 participants, aged 22~80 years old, in the framework of the third (2006~2008) and fourth (2009~2011) phases of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. At baseline, the dietary intake of subjects was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores were calculated at baseline. Fasting serum insulin and glucose were measured at baseline and again after a 3-year of follow-up; IR was defined according to optimal cut-off values. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of IR according to the PRAL and NEAP quartile categories. Mean age and body mass index of the participants were 40.3 years old of $26.4kg/m^2$, respectively. Mean PRAL and NEAP scores were -11.2 and 35.6 mEq/d, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to the lowest quartile of PRAL and NEAP, the highest quartile was accompanied with increased risk of IR [odds ratio (OR)=2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.32~5.97 and OR=2.18, 95% CI=1.03~4.61, respectively]. Our findings suggest that higher acidic dietary acid-base load, defined by higher PRAL and NEAP scores, may be a risk factor for the development of IR and related metabolic disorders.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.442-450
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• 2006

Inter-operability between heterogeneous radio access technologies (RATs), in the sense of seamless vertical han-dover (VHO) support with common radio resource management (CRRM) functionalities, has recently attracted a significant research attention and has become a prominent issue in standardization fora. In this paper, we formulate the problem of load balancing between cooperative RAT's as a mathematical program and by trading off a pre-defined delay tolerance per request we propose a vertical handover batch processing (VHBP) scheme. To quantify the performance of the proposed VHBP scheme we compare it with a baseline processing scheme, where each VHO request is processed independently under a number of different network scenarios. Numerical investigations reveal significant net benefits of the proposed scheme compared with the baseline, both in terms of achieved load balancing levels but also with regard to the acceptance rate of the VHO requests.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권8호
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• pp.1342-1348
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• 2008

One important objective of the electricity market is to decrease the price by ensuring stability in the market operation. Interconnected to this is another objective; namely, to realize sustainable consumption of electricity by equitably distributing the effects and benefits of participating in the market among all participants of the industry. One method that can help achieve these objectives is the ^{(R)}$demand-response program, - which allows for active adjustment of the loadage from the demand side in response to the price. The demand-response program requires a customer baseline load (CBL), a criterion of calculating the success of decreases in demand. This study was conducted in order to calculate undistorted CBL by analyzing the correlations between such external or seasonal factors as temperature, humidity, and discomfort indices and the amounts of electricity consumed. The method and findings of this study are accordingly explicated.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2003

There have been many attempts to make kart chassis domestically to lower the price of complete kart. However nobody made a successful chassis due to the lack of understanding the characteristics of kart chassis frame. In this work, a baseline chassis frame under the bending and torsional load is studied. Design target is that the baseline chassis frame is quite adequate not only for the beginners but also for the beginning racers. Results from the analysis are used as a guide to design or modify the baseline chassis with the goal of proper torsional stiffness. Minimum increase in weight is being forced. As a result, the baseline chassis frame was designed, made, and tested. Based on the design results, complete karts are being manufactured by the small 1 size domestic company and these karts are being sold and run in the market.