• Title/Summary/Keyword: Baseline 3

Search Result 2,833, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Effect of Self-Testing Technique on Improvement of Oral Hygiene State (구강위생상태의 개선을 위한 자가검사법의 효과)

  • Kim, Jong-Yup;Park, Joon-Bong;Lee, Man-Sup;Kwon, Young-Hyuk;Herr, Yeek
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
    • /
    • v.29 no.3
    • /
    • pp.715-724
    • /
    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to approve the possibility of clinical application of selftesting technique to confirm the cleanness status of the tooth surface after mechanical toothbrushing. Thirty-two periodontal patients who did not compromise any other systemic diseases were divided into two groups. Control group was instructed only the Bass method for toothbrushing, and then experimental group was demonstrated the Bass method and self-testing technique respectively for plaque control during this experiment. Selftesting technique is composed the comparison of roughness of the labial surface of maxillary central incisor and other toothsurface with touch sense using the tip of tongue. Plaque score and Gingival index were measured as clinical parameters at baseline and 1, 2 and 4 weeks after scaling and root planing. The results were as follows ; 1. Plaque scores and gingival index of 1, 2, and 4 weeks of two groups were statistically significant differences when compared with baseline value (p<0.05). 2. Plaque scores and gingival index of baseline and 1 week between two groups were not significant differences (p<0.05). 3. Plaque scores and gingival index of 2 and 4 weeks of test group were statistically significant difference when compared with control group (p<0.05). From the above results, self-testing technique which decides necessity of additional toothbrushing when tongue tip of subjects touch the maxillary molar buccal surfaces and mandibular molar lingual surfaces nd compares with maxillary anterior labial surfaces after toothbrushing appeared to effect the motivation of subjects. This study suggests that self-testing technique for cleanness after toothbrushing should be effect on the maintenance of oral hygiene when it is applied to clinical practice.

  • PDF

Effect of fluoride varnishes on the surface hardness of bovine teeth under demineralization/remineralization cycling

  • Son, Ju-Lee;Shin, Yoon-Jeong;Jeong, Geon-Hee;Choi, Shin-Jae;Oh, Seunghan;Bae, Ji-Myung
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
    • /
    • v.58 no.6
    • /
    • pp.324-335
    • /
    • 2020
  • We investigated whether fluoride varnishes recover the hardness of bovine teeth under 20 days of demineralization/remineralization cycling. The fluoride varnish groups (two commercial fluoride varnishes [V-varnish (Vericom, Korea) and CavityShield (3M ESPE, USA)] and an experimental fluoride varnish including 5 wt.% NaF were compared with a control group without fluoride varnish. Vickers hardness was measured at baseline, 3 days after immersion in caries-inducing solution, 24 hours after application of a fluoride varnish, and after 10 and 20 days of demineralization/remineralization cycling. Afterward, tooth surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope. After fluoride varnish application and the cycling 10 and 20 days, the experimental varnish group showed the highest hardness, while the CavityShield and the control groups demonstrated the lowest hardness. The experimental varnish group recovered the hardness of the baseline at 24 hours after application of the varnish, while it was recovered after 20 days of the cycling in case of the V-varnish. However, the CavityShield and the control groups did not recover the hardness even after 20 days of the cycling. The experimental fluoride varnish with fast recovery in the hardness of the baseline can be used as an effective fluoride varnish to resist demineralization and to facilitate remineralization.

  • PDF

Analysis of Measurement Errors Using Short-Baseline GPS Positioning Model (단기선 GPS측위 모델을 이용한 관측오차 분석)

  • Hong, Chang-Ki;Han, Soohee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
    • /
    • v.35 no.6
    • /
    • pp.573-580
    • /
    • 2017
  • Precise stochastic modeling for GPS measurements is one of key factors in adjustment computations for GPS positioning. To analyze the GPS measurement errors, Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimators(MINQUE) approach is used in this study to estimate the variance components for measurement types with short-baseline GPS positioning model. The results showed the magnitudes of measurement errors for C1, P2, L1, L2 are 22.3cm, 27.6cm, 2.5mm, 2.2mm, respectively. To reduce the memory usage and computational burden, variance components are also estimated on epoch-by-epoch basis. The results showed that there exists slight differences between the solutions. However, epoch-by-epoch analysis may also be used for most of GPS applications considering the magnitudes of the differences.

Bioavailability of plant pigment phytochemicals in Angelica keiskei in older adults: A pilot absorption kinetic study

  • Correa, Camila R.;Chen, C.Y. Oliver;Aldini, Giancarlo;Rasmussen, Helen;Ronchi, Carlos F.;Berchieri-Ronchi, Carolina;Cho, Soo-Muk;Blumberg, Jeffrey B.;Yeum, Kyung-Jin
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • /
    • v.8 no.5
    • /
    • pp.550-557
    • /
    • 2014
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Angelica keiskei is a green leafy vegetable rich in plant pigment phytochemicals such as flavonoids and carotenoids. This study examined bioavailability of flavonoids and carotenoids in Angelica keiskei and the alteration of the antioxidant performance in vivo. SUBJECTS AND MATERIALS: Absorption kinetics of phytochemicals in Angelica keiskei were determined in healthy older adults (> 60 y, n = 5) and subjects with metabolic syndrome (n = 5). Subjects consumed 5 g dry Angelica keiskei powder encapsulated in gelatin capsules with a low flavonoid and carotenoid liquid meal. Plasma samples were collected at baseline, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h. Samples were analyzed for flavonoids and carotenoids using HPLC systems with electrochemical and UV detection, respectively, and for total antioxidant performance by fluorometry. RESULTS: After ingestion of Angelica keiskei increases in plasma quercetin concentrations were observed at 1-3 and 6-8 hr in the healthy group and at all time points in the metabolic syndrome group compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Plasma lutein concentrations were significantly elevated in both the healthy and metabolic syndrome groups at 8 hr (P < 0.05). Significant increases in total antioxidant performance were also observed in both the healthy and the metabolic syndrome groups compared to baseline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study clearly demonstrate the bioavailability of phytonutrients of Angelica keiskei and their ability to increase antioxidant status in humans.

Status of Profiles and Levels for JVT Video Coding Standard (JVT 동영상 국제표준 프로파일/레벨 동향)

  • 김해광;이상윤
    • Broadcasting and Media Magazine
    • /
    • v.7 no.3
    • /
    • pp.12-18
    • /
    • 2002
  • JVT is an international video coding standard that is being developed jointly by VCEG of ITU and MPEG of ISO. The standardization efforts are targeted mainly for a very high compression ratio. JVT is a general video coding technology that may be used in various application fields. JVT began to work seriously on the profiles and levels issues since Geneva meeting, January 2002. Profiles are sub sets of technical tools from the entire tools and levels limit processing power and memory resources of a decoder As of now, three profiles of Baseline, Main and X (not defined name yet) and hierarchically structured levels are defined in JVT FCD. The profiling issue is very important for the JVT s initial objective of Baseline royalty free policy. Royalty free Baseline profiling is currently under practical hurdles and this issue may impact as one of critical factors on the success of JVT standard.

Climate and Land use Changes Impacts on Hydrology in a Rural Small Watershed (장래 기후변화와 토지이용 변화에 따른 농촌소유역의 수문 영향 분석)

  • Kim, Hak-Kwan;Kang, Moon-Seong;Lee, Eun-Jeong;Park, Seung-Woo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.53 no.6
    • /
    • pp.75-84
    • /
    • 2011
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrologic impacts of climate and land use changes in a rural small watershed. HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model, ver.3) A2 scenario and LARS-WG (Long Ashton Research Station - Weather Generator) were used to generate future climatic data. Future land use data were also generated by the CA-Markov (Cellular Automata-Markov) method. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to evaluate hydrologic impacts. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated with stream flow measured at the Baran watershed in Korea. The SWAT model simulation results agreed well with observed values during the calibration and validation periods. In this study, hydrologic impacts were analyzed according to three scenarios: future climate change (Scenario I), future land use change (Scenario II), and both future climate and land use changes (Scenario III). For Scenario I, the comparison results between a 30-year baseline period (1997~2004) and a future 30-year period (2011~2040) indicated that the total runoff, surface runoff, lateral subsurface runoff, groundwater discharge, and evapotranspiration increased as precipitation and temperature for the future 30-year period increased. The monthly variation analysis results showed that the monthly runoff for all months except September increased compared to the baseline period. For Scenario II, both the total and surface runoff increased as the built-up area, including the impervious surface, increased, while the groundwater discharge and evapotranspiration decreased. The monthly variation analysis results indicated that the total runoff increased in the summer season, when the precipitation was concentrated. In Scenario III, the results showed a similar trend to that of Scenario II. The monthly runoff for all months except October increased compared to the baseline period.

Filtering Performance Analyizing for Relative Navigation Using Single Difference Carrier-Phase GPS (GPS 신호의 단일차분을 이용한 편대위성의 상대위치 결정을 위한 필터링 성능 분석)

  • Park, In-Kwan;Park, Sang-Young;Choi, Kyu-Hong;Choi, Sung-Ki;Park, Jong-Uk
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
    • /
    • v.25 no.3
    • /
    • pp.283-290
    • /
    • 2008
  • Satellite formation flying can provide the platform for interferometric observation to acquire the precise data and ensure the flexibility for space mission. This paper presents development and verification of an algorithm to estimate the baseline between formation flying satellites. To estimate a baseline(relative navigation) in real time, EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) and UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter) are used. Measurements for updating a state-vector in Kalman Filter are GPS single difference data. In results, The position errors in estimated baseline are converged to less than ±1m in both EKF and UKF. And as using the two types of Kalman filter, it is clear that the unscented Kalman filter shows a relatively better performance than the extended Kalman filter by comparing an efficiency to the model which has a non-linearity.

Dietary changes in Vietnamese marriage immigrant women: The KoGES follow-up study

  • Hwang, Ji-Yun;Lee, Hakim;Ko, Ahra;Han, Chan-Jung;Chung, Hye Won;Chang, Namsoo
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • /
    • v.8 no.3
    • /
    • pp.319-326
    • /
    • 2014
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The immigrant population has grown considerably in South Korea since the early 1990s due to international marriages. Dietary changes in immigrants are an important issue, because they are related to health and disease patterns. This study was conducted to compare changes in dietary intake between baseline and follow-up periods. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Two hundreds thirty three Vietnamese female married immigrants. Baseline data were collected during 2006-2009, and the follow-up data were collected during 2008 and 2010. Food consumption was assessed using a 1-day 24-hour recall. RESULTS: The amount of the total food consumed (P < 0.001) including that of cereals (P = 0.004), vegetables (P = 0.003), and fruits (P = 0.002) decreased at follow-up compared to that at baseline, whereas consumption of milk and dairy products increased (P = 0.004). Accordingly, the overall energy and nutrient intake decreased at follow-up, including carbohydrates (P = 0.012), protein (P = 0.021), fiber (P = 0.008), iron (P = 0.009), zinc (P = 0.006), and folate (P = 0.002). Among various anthropometric and biochemical variables, mean skeletal muscle mass decreased (P = 0.012), plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased, (P = 0.020) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased at follow-up (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A long-term follow-up study is needed to investigate the association between changes in food and nutrient intake and anthropometric and biochemical variables in these Vietnamese female marriage immigrants.

Audio Event Detection Based on Attention CRNN (Attention CRNN에 기반한 오디오 이벤트 검출)

  • Kwak, Jin-Yeol;Chung, Yong-Joo
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
    • /
    • v.15 no.3
    • /
    • pp.465-472
    • /
    • 2020
  • Recently, various deep neural networks based methods have been proposed for audio event detection. In this study, we improved the performance of audio event detection by adopting an attention approach to a baseline CRNN. We applied context gating at the input of the baseline CRNN and added an attention layer at the output. We improved the performance of the attention based CRNN by using the audio data of strong labels in frame units as well as the data of weak labels in clip levels. In the audio event detection experiments using the audio data from the Task 4 of the DCASE 2018/2019 Challenge, we could obtain maximally a 66% relative increase in the F-score in the proposed attention based CRNN compared with the baseline CRNN.

Feedback on Baseline Use of Staging Images is Important to Improve Image Overuse with Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer Patients

  • Sawazaki, Harutake;Sengiku, Atsushi;Imamura, Masaaki;Takahashi, Takeshi;Kobayashi, Hisato;Ogura, Keiji
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • v.15 no.4
    • /
    • pp.1707-1710
    • /
    • 2014
  • Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate baseline use and positive rates of staging images (bone scan, CT) in newly diagnosed patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and to improve staging image overuse. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study covered a consecutive series of patients with PCa who underwent stage imaging at our institution between 2006 and 2011. Various clinical and pathological variables (age, PSA, biopsy Gleason score, clinical T stage, positive biopsy core rate) were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis for their ability to predict a positive staging image. All patients were stratified according to the NCCN risk stratification and positive rates were compared in each risk group. Results: 410 patients (100%) underwent a bone scan and 315 patients (76.8%) underwent a CT scan. Some 51 patients (12.4%) had a positive bone scan, clinical T3 and T4 being significant independent predictors. Positive bone scan rates for low-, intermediate-, high-, and very high-risk groups were 0%, 0%, 8.25%, and 56.6%. Some 59 (18.7%) patients had a positive CT scan, with elevated PSA and clinical T3, T4 as significant independent predictors. Low-, intermediate-, high- and very high-risk group rates were 0%, 0%, 13.8% and 80.0%. Conclusions: The incidences of positive staging image in low- and intermediate- risk group were reasonably low. Following feedback on these results, staging in low- and intermediate- risk groups could be omitted.