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Implementation and Analysis of Performance Estimation Model of H.264/AVC Baseline Profile Decoder (H.264/AVC Baseline Profile Decoder의 성능 예측 모델의 구현과 분석)

  • Moon, Kyoung-Hwan;Song, Yong-Ho
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.108-123
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    • 2007
  • As H.264/AVC standard has proven to be a key technology of multimedia application, many researches to improve H.264/AVC standard are actively conducted. Those researches are conducted in various ways such as algorithm analysis and improvement or structure enhancement for reducing bottlenecks of performance. Even though targets and directions of those studies are not the same, performance of H.264/AVC standard is commonly analyzed in the early phase. In analysis phase, potential problems with H.264/AVC standard are identified and the most critical problem which has serious effects on performance is determined. Therefore, analysis phase is one of the important steps to decide overall directions and targets of the research. This research proposes a mathematical model which can be used in the early performance analysis phase to estimate performance in conducting research of improving the performance of H.264/AVC Baseline Profile decoder. The proposed model is designed by considering many variables of H.264/AVC decoder operation so that it is easy to predict its performance according to changes in each element.

Experimental Assessment on Accuracy of Kinematic Coordinate Estimation for CORS by GPS Medium-range Baseline Processing Technique (GPS 상시관측소 동적 좌표추정을 위한 중기선해석 정확도의 실험적 분석)

  • Cho, Insoo;Lee, Hungkyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.79-90
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    • 2016
  • The study has purposed in evaluating experiences for achievable accuracy and precision of time series at 3-D coordinates. It has been estimated from the kinematic medium-range baseline processing of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) for the potential application of crustal displacement analysis during an earthquake event. To derive the absolute coordinates of local CORS, it is highly recommended to include some of oversea country references, since it should be compromised of an observation network of the medium-range baselines within the length range from tens of kilometers to about 1,000 kilometers. A data processing procedure has reflected the dynamics of target stations as the parameter estimation stages, which have been applied to a series of experimental analysis in this research at the end. From the analysis of results, we could be concluded in that the subcentimeters-level of positioning accuracy and precision can be achievable. Furthermore, the paper summarizes impacts of satellite ephemeris, data lengths and levels of initial coordinate constraint into the positioning performance.

Effect of Prune Supplementation on Dietary Fiber Intake and Constipation Relief (건자두 제품의 보충이 식이섬유 섭취량 및 변비증상에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Young-Hee;Yon, Mi-Yong;Hyun, Tai-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.426-438
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to examine bowel habits, dietary habits, and nutrient intake of constipated adults, and the effects of prune products on relieving constipation symptoms. Fifty one adults with self-reported constipation (mean age 23 years, range 19-41 years, 10 males and 41 females) participated in this study. After a baseline survey on bowel habits and dietuy habits, participants were asked to consume at least 50 g of prune and 200 ml of prune juice per day during a 4-week period in addition to usual diet. Nutrient intake was estimated by a 24 hour recall at the baseline and once every week by diet records during the intervention. Data were analyzed after classifying the subjects into mild constipation group and severe constipation group by the severity of the symptoms. During the intervention, the subjects with mild constipation consumed 56 g of prunes (about 5.6 fruits) and 200 ml of prune juice, and the subjects with severe constipation consumed 59 g of prunes (about 5.9 fruits) and 207 ml of prune juice. Average intakes of energy, dietary fiber and water of the subjects in the mild constipation and severe constipation group increased during the intervention compared to the baseline. Average dietary fiber intake of the mild constipation and severe constipation groups significantly increased from 12.5 g and 11.6 g at the baseline to 18.5 g and 16.8 g after consuming prune products, respectively. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the number of bowel movements, a decrease of defecation time, a change to a softer stool consistency, and a decrease of abdominal pain during defecation. Seventy two subjects answered that prune products were effective to improve their overall constipation symptoms. Our data show that supplementation of prune products is effective to provide energy, dietary fiber and water, and to relieve constipation symptoms for constipated adults.

Different Influence of Negative and Positive Spillover between Work and Life on Depression in a Longitudinal Study

  • Lee, Dong-Wook;Hong, Yun-Chul;Seo, Hwo-yeon;Yun, Je-Yeon;Nam, Soo-hyun;Lee, Nami
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.377-383
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    • 2021
  • Background: This study investigated the longitudinal associations between the degrees of positive and negative spillover in work-life balance (WLB) at baseline and reports of depressive mood at a 2-year follow-up in Korean women employees. Methods: We used a panel study design data of 1386 women employees who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families in both 2014 and 2016. Depressive mood was measured using the "10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale." Associations between the positive and negative spillover in WLB at baseline and reports of new incidence of depressive mood at 2-year follow-up were explored using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Negative spillover in WLB at baseline showed a significant linear association with reports of depressive mood at 2-yearfollow-up after adjusting for age, education level, marital status, number of children, and positive spillover (P = 0.014). The highest scoring group in negative spillover (fourth quartile) showed a significant higher odds ratio of 1.95 compared with the lowest scoring group (first quartile; P = 0.036). Conclusion: Positive spillover in WLB showed a U-shaped association with depression. The degrees of positive and negative spillover in WLB among Korean women employees at baseline were associated with new incidence of depressive mood within 2 years. To prevent depression of female workers, more discrete and differentiated policies on how to maintain healthy WLB are required.

A Study of Changes in Body Shape, Temperament, Symptoms and Sasang Constitutional Values Using the Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire (KS-15) : 5 Year Follow Up (사상체질 진단설문지(KS-15)를 이용한 외형, 성정, 병증의 추적관찰 및 체질값 변화 연구 : 5년 추적)

  • Kyoungsik Jeong;Bok-Nam Seo;Yunyoung Kim;Eunsu Jang
    • Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2024
  • Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare between baseline and follow up data after 5 years about the change of Sasang constitutional value. Methods Cohort data of educational personnel in D University was used. Korean Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire was used to compare Sasang value including body shape, temperament, and pathological symptoms in baseline with those of follow up. Paired t test, chi-square test, correlation analysis and cohen's kappa coefficient was used. Results Total 150 subjects participated in this analysis. Taeeumin, Soeumin and Soyangin was 71, 46 and 33 respectively. Height decreased in follow-up, and weight increased, accordingly body mass index increased(p<.05). The score of nocturia was significantly increased, and the temperature of drinking water was significantly decreased. The consistency rate of the Sasang constitutional values in KS-15 between baseline and follow up was 76%, and the kappa value was 0.607. Compared to the expert's diagnosis, the agreement rate was 66.7% in baseline and 69.3% in follow up. Conclusion As times goes by, Sasang Constitutional phenotype, such as body mass index, nocturia, and temperature of drinking water, and accordingly, the predicted value of Sasang constitution may be changed. Those who use Sasang constitutional type and therapy in clinics should consider these factors.

Effect of scaling and root planing on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis

  • Al-Hamoudi, Nawwaf;Alsahhaf, Abdulaziz;Deeb, Modhi Al;Alrabiah, Mohammed;Vohra, Fahim;Abduljabbar, Tariq
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.74-82
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP were included in the study. Full-mouth plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed. The GCF was collected, and its volume and levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 were assessed. These parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after SRP. The sample size was estimated, and comparisons between groups were performed. P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Thirty-six electronic cigarette users (47.7±5.8 years old) and 35 non-smokers (46.5±3.4 years old) with CP were included. At baseline, there were no differences in plaque index (PI), PD, CAL, MBL, and GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 between electronic cigarette users and nonsmokers. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in PI, gingival index (GI), PD, CAL, and MBL in electronic cigarette users compared to baseline, while there were significant reductions in PI, GI, and PD among non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in both groups (P<0.05) compared to baseline. The increases in GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in non-smokers (P<0.05) than in electronic cigarette users at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Levels of GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 increased after SRP in electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRP was more profound in non-smokers than in electronic cigarette users.

Effects of Perceptual Motor Program on Visual Motor Integration Skill and Motor Skill of a Child With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Single Subject Research Design (지각운동프로그램이 주의력결핍과잉행동장애아동의 시각운동통합기술과 운동기술에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Seung-ju;Gu, Kippeum;Kim, Kyeong-Mi
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.21-32
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    • 2017
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of a perceptual motor program in promoting visual motor and motor control outcomes in a child with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) who is enrolled in an elementary school. Methods : The subject is 8-year-old boy who was diagnosed with ADHD but did not receive medication. Research design is a single-subject A-B-A(follow-up). Baseline and follow-up phase were 3 sessions and intervention phase were 8 sessions. After performing 40 minutes of free play on the baseline A and follow-up A, we used the copying subtest of the Korean Development Test of Visual Perception 2 (K-DTVP-2) for evaluating visual motor integration skill and the rope jumping subtest for motor skill. After providing the perceptual motor activity in intervention phase B, copying and ropejumping were performed. Results : The standard scores of the Copying for measuring visual motor integration skill were poor at an average of 4.7 points at baseline phase A, but maintained an average of 9.6 points at intervention phase B and an below average of 7.7 points at the follow-up phase A. In the Rope jumping for the motor skill, it was increased by 4.3 times in the baseline phase A and 5.9 times in the intervention phase B, but slightly decreased by 5 times in the follow-up phase A. Conclusion : This study suggests that perceptual motor program has a positive effect on visual motor and motor function of ADHD children.

Stabilization of Thermo Electromotive Force of Power Type Shunt Resistor for Mass Storage Secondary Battery Management System (대용량 이차전지 관리 시스템용 전력형 션트저항의 열기전력 안정화)

  • Kim, Eun Min;Lee, Sunwoo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.376-380
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    • 2017
  • In this paper, we prepared a metal alloy resistor with stable thermal electro motive force (thermal EMF) as well as a low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) by adjusting the manganese proportion from 3 to 12 wt% in the Cu-Mn-Ni alloy. Composition of the fabricated metal alloy was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The TCR of each sample was measured as 44.56, 40.54, 35.60, and 31.56 ppm for Cu-3Mn-2Ni, Cu-5Mn-2Ni, Cu-10Mn-2Ni, and Cu-12Mn-2Ni, respectively. All the resistor samples were available for the F grade (±1 of the allowable error of resistance) high-precision resistor. All the samples satisfied the baseline of high thermal EMF (under 3 mV at 60C); however, Cu-3Mn-2Ni and Cu-5Mn-2Ni satisfied the baseline of low thermal EMF (under 0.3 mV at 25C). We were thus able to design and fabricate the metal alloy resistor of Cu-3Mn-2Ni and Cu-5Mn-2Ni to have low TCR and stable thermal EMF at the same time.

A Technique to Efficiently Place Sensors for Three-Dimensional Robotic Manipulation : For the Case of Stereo Cameras (로봇의 3차원 작업을 위한 효율적 센서위치의 결정기법 : 스테레오 카메라를 중심으로)

  • Do, Yong-Tae
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.80-88
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    • 1999
  • This paper deals with the position determination problem of stereo camera systems used as a sensor for 3D robotic manipulation. Stereo cameras having parallel rays of sight and been set up on the same baseline are assumed. The distance between the sensor and the space measured is determined so as to get insensitive parameters to the uncertainty of control points used for calibration and to satisfy the error condition set by considering the repeatability of the robot. The baseline width is determined by minimizing the mutual effect of 3D positional error and stereo image coordinate error. Unlike existing techniques, the technique proposed here is developed without complicated constraints and modelling process of the object to be observed. Thus, the technique of this paper is more general and its effectiveness is proved by simulation.

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The effect of plaque control (tooth brushing instruction) for oral health improvement on periodontitis patients (치주질환자 구강관리능력 향상을 위한 치면세균막관리(잇솔질교육)에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Seol-Hee
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.293-301
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : The aim of the trial was to study the effect of plaque control(tooth brushing instruction) for oral health improvement on periodontitis patients. Methods : 30 patients(35~65 years) with advanced periodontal disease were subjected to a baseline examination including assessment of oral hygiene status(O'leary index), gingival condition(bleeding). the assessment were repeated after 2, 4, 6 weeks. cognitive, behavioral and clinical outcomes were assessed in the primary care setting by questionnaire and clinical oral examination. Results : The oral hygiene status expressed as the individual mean percentage of tooth surfaces with plaque 59.3% at baseline and 21.2% after 6 weeks(p<0.001). The gingival bleeding status expressed as the individual mean point of interdental papilla 3.8 at baseline and 1.9 after 6 weeks(p<0.001). Also, the patients self-assessment about correct tooth brushing behavior was 3.9(5-point likert scales), satisfaction of plan practices 4.1(5-point likert scales), efficacy of tooth brushing instruction 8.7(10-point likert scales). Patients wanted to continuous participation. Conclusions : A verification of effect after individualized oral health instruction and repeated dental plaque control represented to significance on plaque control score, oral care practice and oral health recognition. The important oral care step against periodontal disease is to establish good oral health habits. Also, oral health behavior recognition is more important for the practice of oral health. Therefore professional plaque control and tooth brushing instruction absolutely need in improving oral health.