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Simulation of YUV-Aware Instructions for High-Performance, Low-Power Embedded Video Processors (고성능, 저전력 임베디드 비디오 프로세서를 위한 YUV 인식 명령어의 시뮬레이션)

  • Kim, Cheol-Hong;Kim, Jong-Myon
    • Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.252-259
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    • 2007
  • With the rapid development of multimedia applications and wireless communication networks, consumer demand for video-over-wireless capability on mobile computing systems is growing rapidly. In this regard, this paper introduces YUV-aware instructions that enhance the performance and efficiency in the processing of color image and video. Traditional multimedia extensions (e.g., MMX, SSE, VIS, and AltiVec) depend solely on generic subword parallelism whereas the proposed YUV-aware instructions support parallel operations on two-packed 16-bit YUV (6-bit Y, 5-bits U, V) values in a 32-bit datapath architecture, providing greater concurrency and efficiency for color image and video processing. Moreover, the ability to reduce data format size reduces system cost. Experiment results on a representative dynamically scheduled embedded superscalar processor show that YUV-aware instructions achieve an average speedup of 3.9x over the baseline superscalar performance. This is in contrast to MMX (a representative Intel#s multimedia extension), which achieves a speedup of only 2.1x over the same baseline superscalar processor. In addition, YUV-aware instructions outperform MMX instructions in energy reduction (75.8% reduction with YUV-aware instructions, but only 54.8% reduction with MMX instructions over the baseline).

The Effect of Optokinetic Stimulation with Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement to Chronic Hemispatial Neglect: A Pilot Study (완곡 추적 안구운동을 동반한 시운동자극이 만성 편측무시에 미치는 영향 : 예비연구)

  • Shin, Jae-Yong;Yoo, Eun-Young
    • Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 2016
  • Objective: This study aim is to identify whether 30minutes optokinetic stimulation(OKS) with smooth pursuit eye movement can alleviate chronic hemispatial neglect. Methods: We applied optokinetic stimulation with smooth pursuit eye movement to 2 chronic hemispatial neglect patients. experimental duration was total 4weeks - 1week baseline, 2weeks OKS intervention, 1week 2nd. baseline. The intervention was 10 OKS sessions (30min each, 1session daily, from Monday to Friday) over a period of 2weeks. The neglect test carried out 3 times a week every other day. The OKS was provided on the screen when patient sat in front of the screen(13.5 inch). The OKS video that the 24 yellow squares moving coherently from the right to the left side. Patients were instructed to perform smooth pursuit eye movement without head and neck movement. Results: As a result of the OKS for 2weeks, the degree of neglect trends to decrease on both 2 cases compared to baseline A. The degree of the neglect of subject 1 tended to increase the at the baseline A. In contrast, the subject 2 showed that tendency that the degree of the neglect declined additionally at the baseline A. Conclusions: We identified that 30 minutes optokinetic stimulation with sooth pursuit eye movement is effective intervention method for chronic hemispatial neglect.

Comparison of Cold Pack and Capsaicin Application in Temporomandibular Disorder Treatment (측두하악장애 치료에 있어 냉찜질과 capsaicin적용에 관한 비교)

  • Lim, Hyun-Dae;Lee, You-Mee
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.219-225
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    • 2007
  • This investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of pain control temporomandibular disorders with clinical application of capsaicin cream. 20 healthy subjects without systemic diseases were measured in current perception threshold and pain tolerance threshold with Neurometer(R) CPT/C (Neurotron, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland, USA) after cold pack, 0.025% capsaicin and 0.075% capsaicin cream application. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The current perception threshold of C-fiber was significantly higher to the baseline on. There were significantly increased in C- fiber current perception threshold of 0.025% capsaicin cream and 0.075% capsaicin cream application comparison to cold pack. 2. There was significantly increased in pain tolerance threshold of cold pack and 0.075% capsaicin application comparison to one of baseline as Aβ-fiber, There was significantly higher after cold pack and 0.025% capsaicin cream application than baseline as Aδ-fiber. In C-fiber case, 0.025% capsaicin application's was significantly increased than baseline one. 3.There were significantly higher C-fiber of 0.075% capsaicin application than baseline in visual analogue scale marking pain level of pain tolerance threshold.

Socket preservation using deproteinized horse-derived bone mineral

  • Park, Jang-Yeol;Koo, Ki-Tae;Kim, Tae-Il;Seol, Yang-Jo;Lee, Yong-Moo;Ku, Young;Rhyu, In-Chul;Chung, Chong-Pyoung
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.227-231
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The healing process following tooth extraction apparently results in a pronounced resorption of the alveolar ridge. As a result, the width of alveolar ridge is reduced and severe alveolar bone resorption occurs. The purpose of this experiment is to clinically and histologically evaluate the results of using horse-derived bone mineral for socket preservation. Methods: The study comprised 4 patients who were scheduled for extraction as a consequence of severe chronic periodontitis or apical lesion. The extraction was followed by socket preservation using horse-derived bone minerals. Clinical parameters included buccal-palatal width, mid-buccal crest height, and mid-palatal crest height. A histologic examination was conducted. Results: The surgical sites healed uneventfully. The mean ridge width was 7.75±2.75mm at baseline and 7.00±2.45mm at 6 months. The ridge width exhibited no significant difference between baseline and 6 months. The mean buccal crest height at baseline was 7.5±5.20mm, and at 6 months, 3.50±0.58mm. The mean palatal crest height at baseline was 7.75±3.10mm, and at 6 months, 5.00±0.82mm. There were no significant differences between baseline and 6 months regarding buccal and palatal crest heights. The amount of newly formed bone was 9.88±2.90, the amount of graft particles was 42.62±6.57, and the amount of soft tissue was 47.50±9.28. Conclusions: Socket preservation using horse-derived bone mineral can effectively maintain ridge dimensions following tooth extraction and can promote new bone formation through osteoconductive activities.

Role and Clinical Importance of Progressive Changes in Echocardiographic Parameters in Predicting Outcomes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

  • Kyehwan Kim;Seung Do Lee;Hyo Jin Lee;Hangyul Kim;Hye Ree Kim;Yun Ho Cho;Jeong Yoon Jang;Min Gyu Kang;Jin-Sin Koh;Seok-Jae Hwang;Jin-Yong Hwang;Jeong Rang Park
    • Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.85-95
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    • 2023
  • BACKGROUND: The prognostic utility of follow-up transthoracic echocardiography (FU-TTE) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is unclear, specifically in terms of whether changes in echocardiographic parameters in routine FU-TTE parameters are associated with cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: From 2010 to 2017, 162 patients with HCM were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Using echocardiography, HCM was diagnosed based on morphological criteria. Patients with other diseases that cause cardiac hypertrophy were excluded. TTE parameters at baseline and FU were analyzed. FU-TTE was designated as the last recorded value in patients who did not develop any cardiovascular event or the latest exam before event development. Clinical outcomes were acute heart failure, cardiac death, arrhythmia, ischemic stroke, and cardiogenic syncope. RESULTS: Median interval between the baseline TTE and FU-TTE was 3.3 years. Median clinical FU duration was 4.7 years. Septal trans-mitral velocity/mitral annular tissue Doppler velocity (E/e'), tricuspid regurgitation velocity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left atrial volume index (LAVI) at baseline were recorded. LVEF, LAVI, and E/e' values were associated with poor outcomes. However, no delta values predicted HCM-related cardiovascular outcomes. Logistic regression models incorporating changes in TTE parameters had no significant findings. Baseline LAVI was the best predictor of a poor prognosis. In survival analysis, an already enlarged or increased size LAVI was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in echocardiographic parameters extracted from TTE did not assist in predicting clinical outcomes. Cross-sectionally evaluated TTE parameters were superior to changes in TTE parameters between baseline and FU at predicting cardiovascular events.

A Comparative Study on the Balance of Musculoskelectal System between Long-Term Employed Male Taxi Drivers and General People - through Moire Topography (장기근속 남성 택시기사와 일반인의 근골격계 균형에 관한 비교 연구 - 모아레 체형측정법을 통해)

  • Lim, Sang-Hoon;Park, Dong-Su;Lee, Kyung-Moo;Jeong, Su-Hyeon;Kim, Soon-Joong
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.141-151
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of long-term taxi driving posture on the balance of musculoskelectal system. Methods : The author practiced Moire topography by using IBS-2000 for 30 male taxi drivers and general people. Then we measured difference of contour lines, difference of shoulder joint height, interval between vertical baseline of pelvis and vertical baseline of neck, ratio of thoracic curve and lumbar curve, difference of width between right and left through Moire topography. After we statistically analyzed difference of Moire topography's data between long-term employed male taxi drivers and general people. Results : 1. Taxi drivers, difference of contour lines in scapular, lumbar, gluteal region was bigger than general people and significant difference(p<0.05) was observed between subject group. 2. Taxi drivers, diference of shoulder joint height was more large than general people and significant difference(p<0.01) was observed between subject group. 3. Taxi drivers, diference of interval between vertical baseline of pelvis and vertical baseline of neck was more large than general people and significant difference((p<0.05) was observed between subject group. 4. Taxi drivers, ratio of thoracic curve was more large than general people and ratio of lumbar curve was more less than general people and significant difference(p<0.05) was observed between subject group. Conclusions : According to above results long-term taxi driving posture might cause musculoskelectal system unbalance.

Establishment of Baseline Emission Factor of Methane in Korean Rice Paddy Soil (국내 벼 논에서 메탄 기본배출계수 개발)

  • Kim, Gun-Yeob;Jeong, Hyun-Cheol;Ju, Ok-Jung;Kim, Hee-Kwon;Park, Jun-Hong;Gwon, Hyo-Suk;Kim, Pil-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.359-365
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    • 2013
  • BACKGROUND: Methane (CH4) emission is calculated using the default CH4 emission factor as recommended by the International Panel on Climate Change(IPCC guidelines). However, the default emission factor has been derived using including the data from other countries having different soil and environmental conditions and may not reflect the real CH4 emission rates in Korea. The objective of this study was to estimate the baseline emission factor of CH4 in Korean paddy soils during rice cultivation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Methane emission patterns were characterized in four different paddy soils across country for a consecutive 3 years during the rice cultivation period. Rice plants were cultivated under continuous flooding and fertilized using the recommended chemical fertilization in Korea (NP2O5K2O=90-45-57kg/ha). The mean CH4 emission rate was 2.32 kg CH4/ha/day and the uncertainty of the investigated data was 21.7%, with a valuable error range at 1.82-2.82 kg CH4/ha/day with a 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSION(S): Conclusively, the Korean paddy soils' baseline emission factor of CH4 is approximately 2.32 kg CH4/ha/day and can be used to estimate the CH4 emissions more exactly.

Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model to Modify Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Police Officers in Iran: A Quasi-experimental Study

  • Saffari, Mohsen;Sanaeinasab, Hormoz;Jafarzadeh, Hassan;Sepandi, Mojtaba;O'Garo, Keisha-Gaye N.;Koenig, Harold G.;Pakpour, Amir H.
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.53 no.4
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    • pp.275-284
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: Police officers may be at a greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population due to their highstress occupation. This study evaluated how an educational program based on the health belief model (HBM) may protect police officers from developing CVD. Methods: In this single-group experimental study, 58 police officers in Iran participated in a 5-week intervention based on HBM principles. Outcomes included changes in scores on an HBM scale, time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), body mass index (BMI), blood lipid profile, blood glucose, and blood pressure. The intervention consisted of 5 HBM-based educational sessions. Follow-up was conducted at 3 months post-intervention. The paired t-test was used to examine differences between baseline and follow-up scores. Results: All aspects of the HBM scale improved between baseline and follow-up (p<0.05), except the cues to action subscale. Self-efficacy and preventive behaviors improved the most. BMI decreased from 26.7±2.9 kg/㎡ at baseline to 25.8±2.4 kg/㎡ at follow-up. All components of the lipid profile, including triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, showed significant improvements post-intervention. Blood glucose and blood pressure also decreased, but not significantly. Nearly 25% of participants who were not physically active at baseline increased their physical activity above or beyond the healthy threshold. Conclusions: A relatively brief educational intervention based on HBM principles led to a significant improvement in CVD risk factors among police officers. Further research is needed to corroborate the effectiveness of this intervention.

Effects of Professional Toothbrushing and Instruction in the Elderly: A Randomized Trial

  • Jo, Eun-Deok;Kim, Eun-Sol;Hong, Hae-Kyung;Han, Gyeong-Soon
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.305-311
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of providing toothbrushing by professionals as part of oral hygiene education for the elderly. We randomly visited 12 centers in the metropolitan city and analyzed the data of 114 participants among 310 early registrants aged >65 years, who participated in the study at all 3 time points. The subjects were categorized into an experimental group (odd-numbered visits) and a control group (even-numbered visits). Oral hygiene practices were provided for both experimental and control groups, but professional toothbrushing was performed in a different manner in the experimental group. Differences in plaque index (PI) according to the subjects' general characteristics and oral health status were assessed using the t-test, and the effect of PI difference between the experimental and control groups was assessed by repeated measure two-way analysis of variance. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factors affecting the PI. At baseline, the mean overall PI was 61.82. In both experimental and control groups, the PI significantly reduced from the baseline (p<0.01). At 5 weeks, the experimental group showed a decrease of 27.16 points from the baseline, and the 10-week PI was similar to the 5-week PI. The control group showed a decrease of 14.87 points from the baseline, and the PI increased by 5.74 points at 10 weeks. PI-related factors were gender and self-xerostomia. The PI was lower in the female group and the group with self- xerostomia (p<0.01). It is important to select an appropriate method to educate elderly subjects on proper removal of dental plaque and to habituate correct behavior, which requires inclusion of a direct toothbrushing intervention by a specialist.

Effects of Coordinative Locomotor Training Program on Low Extremity Strength, Balance and Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer: Single-Subject Design (CLT프로그램이 암 환자의 하지 근력, 균형 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향: 단일사례설계)

  • Hwang, Jeong-Keun;Park, Jang-Seong;Lim, Jae-Heon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.47-59
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    • 2017
  • PURPOSE: This study was to identify the effect of a coordinative locomotor training (CLT) programs on lower extremity strength, balance, and quality of life of a cancer patients. METHODS: Subjects were instructed in CLT programs. The CLT programs consisted of sprinter and skater pattern movements performed for 30 minute three day per week for two weeks. CLT programs performed the arms and legs alternately and step up the steps on the stairs. The timed sit to stand test (TSTS) and one leg standing test (OLST) were used to test lower extremity strength. The star excursion balance test (SEBT) was used to measure balance; and the functional assessment of cancer therapy - general (FACT-G) for measuring the quality of life throughout the sessions. RESULTS: Participants showed enhanced strength compared to first baseline, as measured by TSTS (14.58%). Balance was improved compared to the first baseline as measure by OLST with open eyes (30.3%), OLST with closed eyes (114.81%), SEBT (43.76%). The increase of strength and balance were maintained in a second baseline session. There was no change for quality of life between first baseline and intervention period. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the CLT program is a useful exercise program that can help improve the physical activity of cancer patients who have a reluctance to move by positively affecting cancer patients' balance and leg strength.