• 치과방사선
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.459-470
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine whether any difference existed in craniofacial morphology between cleft children and normal subjects. Thirty three measurements of the various regions of cranium and face were obtained from lateral cephalometric radiograms in 40 cleft children(27 males, 13 females) and 40 normal subjects(23 males, 17 females) in our dental hospital from Jan. 1988 to Dec. 1995.The measurements were compared with those in control subjects who had no history of craniofacial abnormalities. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the cranium, the cleft children had singificantly shorter posterior cranial base length(S-Ba) and total antero-posterior cranial base length(N-Ba) (P<0.05). 2. In the upper face, the cleft children had significantly shorter upper anterior facial height(N-ANS) and upper posterior facial height(Ptm'-SNL) (P<0.05). 3. In the lower face, the cleft children had significantly shorter antero-posterior mandibular length(Pog-Ar) and antero-posterior mandibular body length(Pog-Go) (P<0.05). 4. In the facial profile, the cleft children had significantly shorter total facial height(N-Me} and posterior facial height(S-Go) (P<0.05).

• 복식문화연구
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.881-903
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• 2021

This study aimed to analyze adult men's body sizes and shapes and suggest size specifications to provide preliminary data to academia and industries. A total of 814 adult men aged 30-44 were selected from the 7th Size Korea data, and 55 direct upper body measurement and calculation items were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. In individual Individual differences, thickness, circumference, and width were high, and height and length were low. Height above the waist base line and shoulder dimension decreased in early 40s age group, while height below the waist base line declined as age increased. In addition, buttocks shape changes were found in early 40s age group. According to factor analysis, 'upper body and upper-extremity horizontal size', 'torso height and upper extremity length', 'shoulder dimension', 'upper body length' and 'shoulder angle' were derived. Using clustering analysis, four different body types were classified: i) big abdomen with flat chest, ii) slender with big, raised shoulders, iii) dwarfish with small, droopy shoulders, and iv) obese with large shoulders. 'Slender with big, raised shoulders' was a typical body shape among men aged 30-44. In older participants, the 'big abdomen with flat chest' ratio was low, while 'obese with large shoulders' was more common. This study proposed size specifications by body type considering the above characteristics.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

Allometry and basal area equations were developed with various tree measurement variables for the major species; Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis and Larix leptolepis in Korea. For allometry models, the relationships between total height-DBH, crown width-DBH, height to the widest portion of the crown-total height, and height to base of crown-total height were investigated. Multiple regression methods were used to relate annual basal area growth to tree variables of initial size (DBH, total height, and crown width), relative size (relative diameter and relative height) as well as competition measures (competition index, crown class, and live crown ratio).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of flexibility of superstructures and nonlinear characteristics of LRB (Lead Rubber Bearing) isolator on inelastic response of base isolated structures is investigated. To demonstrate the intensity of damage in superstructures, demand response modification factor without the consideration of damping reduction factor, demand RI, is used and the N2 method is applied to compute this factor. To evaluate the influence of superstructure flexibility on inelastic response of base isolated structures, different steel intermediate moment resisting frames with different heights have been investigated. In lead rubber bearing, the rubber provides flexibility and the lead is the source of damping; variations of aforementioned characteristics are also investigated on inelastic response of superstructures. It is observed that an increase in height of superstructure leads to higher value of demand RI till 4-story frame but afterward this factor remains constant; in other words, an increase in height until 4-story frame causes more damage in the superstructure but after that superstructure's damage is equal to the 4-story frame's. The results demonstrate that the low value of second stiffness (rubber stiffness in LRBs) tends to show a significant decrease in demand RI. Increase in value of characteristic strength (yield strength of the lead in LRBs) leads to decrease in the demand RI.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 1984

A denture that shifts easily in response to latterally applied forces can cause a disruption in the border seal or prevent the denture base from Correctly relating to the supporting tissue. The factors that Contribute to stability include ridge height and conformation, base adaptation, residual ridge relationships, occlusion harmony, and Muscle control. These factors can be condensed into the following categories; 1. The relationship of the denture base to the underlying tissue. 2. The relationship of occlusal harmony. 3. The relationship of the denture surface and border to the surrounding muscle. 4. The location of artificial tooth.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2008

A reversed trapezoidal fin with variable fin base thickness is optimized using a two-dimensional analytical method. For the fin base boundary condition, instead of a constant temperature, heat transfer from the inside fluid to the fin base is considered. Heat loss from the fin tip is not ignored. The maximum heat loss, corresponding optimum fin effectiveness, fin length and base height are presented as a function of the fin base thickness, shape factor and volume.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to suggest computer assisted neck-base's landmark identification algorithms and measurement extraction methods from three-dimensional human scan data. So we developed the algorithms for automatic identification of landmarks related to the neck-base types. The subjects were 58 women $18{\sim}24$ years of age. Their body were measured directly and indirectly by using camera and three-dimensional body scanner. They were measured during the months of October in 2001. Based on the characters of classified neck-base types, algorithms for the automatic identification of landmarks and methods of automatic measurement are developed. The three-dimensional automatic measuring program is made by $C^{++}$ language. Using this program, 4 landmarks are identified and 6 items are measured. In the verifying the precision of automatic measurement, the height measurements(cervicale, side neck point, front neck point) were relatively accurate, but neck-base width measurement was measured wide.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2011

Performance of the asymmetric trapezoidal fin with various upper lateral surface slopes is investigated by using the two-dimensional analytic method. For a fin base boundary condition, convection from the inner fluid to the inner wall, conduction from the inner wall to the fin base and conduction through the fin base are considered. Heat loss and fin efficiency are represented as a function of the fin base thickness, base height, inner fluid convection characteristic number, fin tip length and fin shape factor. One of the results shows that heat loss increases while fin efficiency decreases as the fin shape factor increases.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.987-995
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• 2006

A reversed trapezoidal fin with the fluid in the inside wall is analyzed and optimized in this study. As a fin base boundary condition, the heat transfer from inside wall fluid to the fin base is considered. The values of fin base temperature with the variations of inside wall fluid convection characteristic number and fin base length are listed. The heat transfer, fin effectiveness, fin length and fin base height are optimized as a function of fin base length, convection characteristic number ratio, fin shape factor and fin volume.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1980

The interrelationships between growth rates (and size) of the selected cranifacial dimensions and body dimensions (height and weight) were investigated in the longitudinal data of primary school children from 6 to 11 years of age. The data were obtained from serial cephalometric radiographs and health record which were taken at one year interval. Regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The main concludions might be summarized as follows; 1. Size relationships between body height (and weigh) and S-Gn, posterior facial height (s-Go), total mandibular length (Ar-Gn) showed high significant correlation, but no association between body height, weight and anterior cranial base length (S-N). 2. Correlation coefficients between facial dimensions and body height (and weight) were getting lower with age increase. 3. At all age groups, significant prediction equation for some facial dimensions with body height and weight were obtained. 4. In this sample, the growth rates of facial dimensions and body height and weight showed almostly constant during this age period and the growth rate of body height and weight of girls was exceeded that of boys. 5. A relatively high degree of variation between individuals existed in the sample. 6. A positive correlation was found for the relationship between the growth rates of facial dimensions and those of body height (and weight) in boys and girls, but was not found in total samples.