• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

The study investigated the dietary effects of medicinal herbs extract and multiple probiotics mixture on the growth performance, innate immune response and antibacterial activity of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Tilapia were divided in four groups. The first is a fish group fed a basal diet added with 40% medicinal herbs extract (MHE). The second is a fish group fed a basal diet supplied with $2{\times}10^8CFU/g$ of 2 Bacillus sp, 2 Lactobacillus sp and 2 Yeast sp, respectively (PB). The third group was fed with a mixture of probiotics (2 Bacillus sp, 2 Lactobacillus sp and 2 Yeast sp) with the medicinal herbs extract added in basal diet (MHE+PB). The fourth group was fed only a basal diet (C). In a non-specific immune parameters analysis, respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity (PA), alternative complement pathway activity ($ACH_{50}$) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the group MHE+PB compared to other groups. Both PB and MHE groups showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity compared to the control C group, whereas no significant differences were observed in PA, $ACH_{50}$ and SOD activity compared to the control group. In challenging test, fish were administered with Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) on 30 days after feeding with each experimental diet and viable E. tarda cell reduction was checked over 21 days post injection. MHE+PB group showed a significantly (p<0.05) reduced E. tarda cells compared to other groups. No significant antibacterial difference (p>0.05) was observed between PB and MHE only treated group. Compared to the control, a significant antibacterial difference (p<0.05) appeared in PB but not in MHE (p>0.05). The results suggest that the probiotics and MHE mixture could be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of fish diseases caused by E. tarda.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2020

Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection results in a common upper respiratory disease associated with oral ulceration in cats. Although FCV infection has been reported in cats worldwide, the biologic and genetic features of South Korean FCV are unclear. We aimed to investigate the biological and genetic features of South Korean FCV isolates. Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were used to isolate FCV from 58 organ homogenate samples. The FCV isolates were confirmed by cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Viral genetic analysis was carried out with VP2 gene and complete genomes of FCVs. Five viruses propagated in CRFK cells were confirmed to be FCVs. The FCV17D283 isolate showed the highest viral titer of 107.2 TCID50/mL at 36 h post-inoculation. Korean FCV isolates did not grow well in Vero, BHK-21, A72, or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The FCV17D03 and FCV17D283 isolates had the highest genetic similarity (80.1% and 86.9%) with the UTCVM-H1 and 14Q315 strains, which were isolated in the United States and South Korea in 1995 and 2014, respectively. We isolated five FCVs from cats and detected important genetic differences among them. FCV isolates did not show any virulent effects in mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.338-345
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• 2021

Zizania latifolia has long been used as a tea for both edible and medicinal purposes. However, research into the use of Z. latifolia as a high value-added edible material is lacking. In a previous study, we confirmed that tricin is the major component in Z. latifolia. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of a Z. latifolia extract (ZLE). Toxicity tests of ZLE or tricin on HepG2 cells revealed no toxicity due to ZLE or tricin at all concentrations used. The reduction in cell viability by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) was suppressed by treatment with ZLE or tricin. In addition, ZLE or tricin effectively inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (generation of hydrogen peroxide, alkoxy free radicals, and peroxyl free radicals by t-BHP) and oxidative damage. ZLE or tricin treatments also increased the protein expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which are known as antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that the protective effect of ZLE is related to activation of tricin. Taken together, the results indicate that Z. latifolia can be developed as a functional food material for improving liver function.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.534-542
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• 2021

Objective : While balanced crystalloid (BC) could be a relevant fluid regimen with buffer system compared with normal saline (NS), there have been no studies on the optimal fluid for surgery of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA). This study aimed to compare the effects of fluid regimens between NS and BC on the metabolic and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for UIA. Methods : This study was designed as a propensity score matched retrospective comparative study and included adult patients who underwent UIA clipping. Patient groups were categorized as NS and BC groups based on the types of pre-operative fluid and the amount of fluid administered during surgery. The primary outcomes were defined as electrolyte imbalance and acidosis immediately after surgery. The secondary outcomes were the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and duration from the end of the operation to extubation. Results : A total of 586 patients were enrolled in this study, with each of 293 patients assigned to the NS and BC groups, respectively. Immediately after surgery, serum chloride levels were significantly higher in the NS group. Compared to the NS group, the BC group had lower incidence rates of acidemia (6.5% vs. 11.6%, p=0.043) and metabolic acidosis (0.7% vs. 4.4%, p=0.007). As compared to NS group, BC group had significantly shorter duration from the end of the operation to extubation (250±824 vs. 122±372 minutes, p=0.016) and length of stay in ICU (1.37±1.11 vs. 1.12±0.61 days, p=0.001). Throughout multivariable analysis, use of BC was found to be significant factor for favorable post-operative results. Conclusion : This study showed that the patients who received BC during UIA clipping had lower incidence of metabolic acidosis, earlier extubation and shorter ICU stay compared to those who received NS. Therefore, using BC as a peri-operative fluid can be recommended for patients who undergo surgery for UIA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2021

Far-infrared rays (FIR) are known to have various effects on atoms and molecular structures within cells owing to their radiation and vibration frequencies. The present study examined the effects of FIR on gene expression related to glucose transport through microarray analysis in rat skeletal muscle cells, as well as on mitochondrial biogenesis, at high and low glucose conditions. FIR were emitted from a bio-active material coated fabric (BMCF). L6 cells were treated with 30% BMCF for 24 h in medium containing 25 or 5.5 mM glucose, and changes in the expression of glucose transporter genes were determined. The expression of GLUT3 (Slc2a3) increased 2.0-fold (p < 0.05) under 5.5 mM glucose and 30% BMCF. In addition, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (ΔΨm) increased 1.5- and 3.4-fold (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), respectively, but no significant change in expression of Pgc-1a, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was observed in 24 h. To analyze the relationship between GLUT3 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis under FIR, GLUT3 was down-modulated by siRNA for 72 h. As a result, the ΔΨm of the GLUT3 siRNA-treated cells increased 3.0-fold (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group increased 4.6-fold (p < 0.001). Moreover, Pgc-1a expression increased upon 30% BMCF treatment for 72 h; an effect that was more pronounced in the presence of GLUT3. These results suggest that FIR may hold therapeutic potential for improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic diseases associated with insufficient glucose supply, such as type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.403-413
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• 2020

While searching for useful microorganisms, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera which can be used as cosmetic materials were divided from Jeju island's traditional fermented foods. In this study, blackcurrant extract which contains a large amount of anthocyanin glycosides was fermented with S. fibuligera. HPLC analysis was performed to analyze the components of blackcurrant extract (BE) and fermented blackcurrant fruit extract (FBE). As a result, bio-conversion of delphinidin and cyanidin were able to be identified. In order to verify the anti-oxidant effect of BE and FBE, we investigated radical scavenging ability with DPPH and ABTS. In addition, to confirm anti-inflammatory effect, we investigated inhibition effect of nitric oxide (NO) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and inhibition effect of the expression of inflammatory-related proteins (iNOS, COX-2) by western blot analysis. As a result, as FBE has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, we suggest that it might be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2021

Background: Many anionic phytoncides exist in the forest. Purpose: This study aimed to measure and investigate the number of negative ions in aerosol composition in Samdasu Forest, Jeju. Methods: We counted the number of negative ions in the aerosol with an anion meter at 17 points in the Samdasu forest area. Results: The average number of negative ions measured at 17 points in the aerosol of the Samdasu forest area was 719.7 ions/cm³, the temperature was 25.2℃, the humidity was 80.9%, the altitude was 503 m, and the wind speed was 0.6 m/sec. When looking at the content of anion number in the air quality in order, the highest place was waterfall-entrance-course R-course B- pine forest- course exit> exit wetland. The highest altitude of the collection point was in the order of pine forest-course R-course exit-waterfall-course B- exit wetland-entrance. The elevation difference in elevation was statistically significant. There was no correlation between altitude and anion content. It could be seen that the air quality fluctuates from time to time. Conclusions: A large amount of anionic phytoncide was contained in the air quality in Samdasu Forest in the over results. Therefore, Samdasu Forest is a helpful area as a place to visiting. The visit to the Jeju region, which has a high content of anionic phytoncide, has provided essential information that it has beneficial conditions for health management.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2022

Pest control treatment was carried out using an unmanned automatic pesticide spraying system that can spray pesticides on crops while moving autonomously to control pests in vegetable greenhouse. As a result of examining the control effect on tomato and strawberry on thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) pests, 85.6% of yellow flower thrips were found in tomatoes and 87.5% in strawberries, and 81.7% (tomato) and 80.6% (strawberry) of greenhouse whitefly. In addition, the control effect according to the pesticide treatment method showed a control effect of 81.7% of the chemical spraying treatment by manpower and 83.9% of the automatic moving pesticide spraying treatment (F=22.1, p < 0.001). When comparing the control effect between the two treatment sections, there was no significance, but the automatic transfer spraying treatment showed a 2.2% higher effect. On the other hand, as a result of comparing the spraying time of the drug, the automatic unmanned control sprayer had a spraying time of 5 min/10a, which took about 25 min less than the conventional manpower spraying time of 25-30 min/10a. Based on these results, it was judged that the automatic transfer spraying method could be usefully used for efficient pest control in the facility greenhouse during the peak period of development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.283-291
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• 2022

Due to the impact of COVID-19, untact performances where performance videos are recorded, edited and distributed have begun to be activated in a non-face-to-face environment. Performance halls are supporting untact performance services such as video production and broadcasting so that performances can be viewed through online platforms. Therefore, this study intends to study the satisfaction and continued use intention of the untact performance service in the concert hall for experts who have experience using the untact performance service in the concert hall. A total of 9 hypotheses were rejected and 10 hypotheses were adopted as a result of developing and analyzing a research model suitable for the untact performance service of the concert hall by fusion of the information system success model and the expectation inconsistency model. Excluding content quality, it was found that in both system quality and service quality, inconsistency occurs through the comparison of expectations and performance after expectations arise. This positive discrepancy affects satisfaction, and the higher the satisfaction, the higher the intention to continue using it. This study is a basic study on the untact performance service and is expected to provide a new perspective for quality improvement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.77-86
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• 2021

A method of constructing a war simulation based on Bayesian Inference was proposed as a method of constructing heterogeneous historical war data obtained with a time difference into a single model. A method of applying a linear regression model can be considered as a method of predicting future battles by analyzing historical war results. However it is not appropriate for two heterogeneous types of historical data that reflect changes in the battlefield environment due to different times to be suitable as a single linear regression model and violation of the model's assumptions. To resolve these problems a Bayesian inference method was proposed to obtain a post-distribution by assuming the data from the previous era as a non-informative prior distribution and to infer the final posterior distribution by using it as a prior distribution to analyze the data obtained from the next era. Another advantage of the Bayesian inference method is that the results sampled by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method can be used to infer posterior distribution or posterior predictive distribution reflecting uncertainty. In this way, it has the advantage of not only being able to utilize a variety of information rather than analyzing it with a classical linear regression model, but also continuing to update the model by reflecting additional data obtained in the future.