Journal of fish pathology (한국어병학회지)

The Korean Society of Fish Pathology (한국어병학회)
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The dietary effect of medicinal herbs extract and multiple probiotics mixture on the growth performance, innate immune response and antibacterial activity of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

  • Hwang, Yo-Sep (Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST)) ;
  • Bang, Seok Jin (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Kang, Tae Yun (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Choi, Jae Hyeok (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Jung, Sang Mok (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Kang, In Sung (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Jeon, Se young (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Park, Kwan Ha (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Choi, Sanghoon (Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University)
  • Received : 2019.06.05
  • Accepted : 2019.06.20
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

The study investigated the dietary effects of medicinal herbs extract and multiple probiotics mixture on the growth performance, innate immune response and antibacterial activity of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Tilapia were divided in four groups. The first is a fish group fed a basal diet added with 40% medicinal herbs extract (MHE). The second is a fish group fed a basal diet supplied with $2{\times}10^8CFU/g$ of 2 Bacillus sp, 2 Lactobacillus sp and 2 Yeast sp, respectively (PB). The third group was fed with a mixture of probiotics (2 Bacillus sp, 2 Lactobacillus sp and 2 Yeast sp) with the medicinal herbs extract added in basal diet (MHE+PB). The fourth group was fed only a basal diet (C). In a non-specific immune parameters analysis, respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity (PA), alternative complement pathway activity ($ACH_{50}$) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the group MHE+PB compared to other groups. Both PB and MHE groups showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity compared to the control C group, whereas no significant differences were observed in PA, $ACH_{50}$ and SOD activity compared to the control group. In challenging test, fish were administered with Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) on 30 days after feeding with each experimental diet and viable E. tarda cell reduction was checked over 21 days post injection. MHE+PB group showed a significantly (p<0.05) reduced E. tarda cells compared to other groups. No significant antibacterial difference (p>0.05) was observed between PB and MHE only treated group. Compared to the control, a significant antibacterial difference (p<0.05) appeared in PB but not in MHE (p>0.05). The results suggest that the probiotics and MHE mixture could be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of fish diseases caused by E. tarda.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Respiratory burst activity of HK leukocytes from tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. The absorbance was measured by micro plate reader at 620nm. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.

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Fig. 2. Phagocytic activity (A) and phagocytic index (B) of HK leukocytes from tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.

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Fig. 3. Lysozyme activity in serum of tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. The absorbance was measured by micro plate reader at 405 nm. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point

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Fig. 4. SOD activity in serum of tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. The absorbance was measured by micro plate reader at 405 nm. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.

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Fig. 5. ACH50 activity in the serum of tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 28 days. The absorbance was measured by micro plate reader at 405 nm. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.

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Fig. 6. Antibacterial effect of tilapia fed the control diet (control), medicinal herbs extract diet (MHE), probiotics diet (PB), and medicinal herbs extract and probiotics mixture diet (MHE+PB) for 30 days. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=5). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point.

Table 1. Universal primers for probiotics 16S rRNA

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Table 2. Output of BLAST for probiotics supplemented in fish diets

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Table 3. Effects of dietary medicinal herbs extract and probiotics on the weight gain, percent weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio in tilapia. Data represent the mean ± S.D. (n=6). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in different groups of the same time point

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