• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the putter head movement during the putting strokes. Highly skilled 5 golfers(less than 3 handicaps) and 5 novice golfers(having no golf experience) participated in this study. A target distance was 3 m. Movements of the putter head were recorded at 60 Hz with two video cameras. The results showed that the novice golfers moved the club significantly longer than the expert golfers(p<.0001). Accoring to a movement time, novice golfers moved their club significantly faster than the expert golfers(p<0.001). Novice golfers could not control the club head effectively, and could not hit the ball correctly. Based on the impact zone movement, sweet spot of novice golfers moved faster(along the line of putt), higher(along the vertical line), and wider(along the side to side line) than that of expert golfers.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate how image magnification in dental panoramic radiography is influenced by object position. Five metal balls (4 mm in diameter, 2 for the anterior and 3 for the posterior region on the right side) were placed above alveolar crest of dry skull considering extraction socket and dental arch. Dry skull was radiographed using OP-100D (Instrumentarium Imaging Co., Tuusula, Finland) at proper and displaced position along the sagittal and transverse plane at 3 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm, 12 mm and 15 mm using special mount which can control precise movement. Images were stored in DICOM files and were measured by ruler equipped within INFINITT PACS software (Infinitt Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea). The mean horizontal magnification was 1.224-1.439 and mean vertical magnification was 1.286 - 1.345 at proper position. Vertical magnification resulted in less variation (1.245-1.418) than horizontal magnification (0.798-6.297) according to the sagittal and transverse displacements. Head positioning is important for linear measurement on panoramic radiography and inclusion of standard object (for instance, metal ball) is helpful to anticipate exact magnification of panoramic radiographs at various location.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 2009

It is very important to verify generated setup errors in cancer therapy by using a high energy radiation and to perform the precise radiation therapy. Specially, the verification of treatment position is very crucial in special therapies like fractionated stereotatic radiotherapy (FSRT). The FSRT uses normally high-dose, small field size for treating small intracranial lesions. To estimate the developed FSRT system, the isocenter accuracy of gantry, couch and collimator were performed and a total of inaccuracy was less than ${\pm}1mm$. Precise beam targeting is crucial when using high-dose, small field size FSRT for treating small intracranial lesions. The EPID image of the 3mm lead ball mounted on the isocenter with a 25mm collimator cone was acquired and detected to the extent of one pixel (0.76mm) after comparing the difference between the center of a 25mm collimator cone and a 3 mm ball after processing the EPID image. In this paper, the radiation treatment efficiency can be improved by performing precise radiation therapy with a developed video based EPID and FSRT at near real time

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-168
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• 2005

It examined the doubt point which AED motive relates until now, the AED should have bought a life how, present address of our country site pre-hospital care, comparison it tried to observe the advanced nation instance back. Gist of this research the AED important cold region once compared to informed to how many cardiac arrest patient, against him the what kind of preparation wanted informing the necessary cold region. It soaks simultaneously but the AED motive is widely supplied distant in future and it is generality and it is feeble but it wanted doing one morning. The habit difference of an American who does of course meat diet mainly and a Korean is many and it compares in the United States and the cardiac arrest patient comparison occurs holds a point few. To become Western anger but and be caused by with thin dietary life, stanching bleeding cung, with the fact that the heart attack is increasing rapidly with the hyperextension. It is a talk which anyone it knows all. The major league most Choi huy Sub in condition will catch the ball which floats and the multi co-player and to collide when falling down, the medical device which is committed with emergency aid is AED motive. From the United States subway station and the shopping which are a public place on the baseball field outside the jar which it will drive, the museum and the school, easily there is it will be able to discover the AED from the court of justice back. The Pittsburg university the students per the individual $30 the core phyey were receiving the smallness lifestyle alcoholic beverage and a AED motive actual training with mercy of degree. From the United States distant in future the AED motive is sold even from the retail store and. From our country like this plan government offices temporary disposal education from from 119 fire fighters emergency structure company in fire fighting government employee and nursing must magnify a former enterprise rainy spell in summer multi temporary disposal education with the head which it will burn with the head. This plan in early rising will be able to become fixed in Korea it forecasts with the fact that. The research which it sees it leads and like the United States to some day become fixed even from our country to believe and suspicion it is not and in the people in approach ease one AED supply plan fire fighting government employees stand in the first and feed with the fact that must be positive at this enterprise they become.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2014

Objective : The objective of this study is to develop a Qigong exercise program to reinforce musculoskeletal system of seniors appropriate for physical strength and conditions of seniors aged 65 years or above based on health Qigong exercise of oriental medicine. Method : Qigong exercise motions that can improve strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance of seniors were developed by primarily performing literature review of Qigong experts on the fields like oriental medicine, Qigong exercise, physical education and health science and secondarily using motion training for increased validity of motions. Results : The Qigong exercise program for musculoskeletal system of seniors was designed with 12 motions repeated 8 times and 20 minutes per session, including shoulder exercises (alternate turning of left and right shoulders, turning both arms back and forth, holding and lifting elbow to put it aside), waist exercises (wrapping the head with hands to bow, twisting waist while looking at the tip of hand, large spinning of ball, putting hands together to pull back), and knee exercises (going up a down while lifting a rock, balancing the body while lifting a knee, lifting and spreading knees while drawing circle with arms, raising both arms to the side while lifting heels, breathing). Conclusion : Once the effects of Qigong exercise for musculoskeletal system of seniors developed in this study are tested, the program is expected to contribute to development of Qigong exercise, a core part of oriental medicine health improvement project.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.62-78
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• 2002

In this paper, we describe a system that can interact with agents in the virtual space incorporated in the system. This system is constructed by an analysis system for analyzing human gesture and an interact system for interacting with agents in the virtual space using analyzed information. An implemented analysis system for analyzing gesture extracts a head and hands region after taking image sequence of an operator's continuous behavior using CCD cameras. In interact system, we construct the virtual space that exist an avatar which incarnating operator himself, an autonomous object (like a Puppy), and non-autonomous objects which are table, door, window and object. Recognized gesture is transmitted to the avatar in the virtual space, then transit to next state based on state transition diagram. State transition diagram is represented in a graph in which each state represented as node and connect with link. In the virtual space, the agent link an avatar can open and close a window and a door, grab or move an object like a ball, order a puppy to do and respond to the Puppy's behavior as does the puppy.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan powder addition on the strengthening of conventional glass ionomer cement. Two types of chitosan powders with different molecular weight were mixed with conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC): low-molecular weight chitosan (CL; 50~190 kDa), high-molecular weight chitosan (CH; 310~375 kDa). The chitosan powders (CL and CH) were separately added into the GIC liquid (0.25-0.5 wt%) under magnetic stirring, or mixed with the GIC powder by ball-milling for 24 h using zirconia balls. The mixing ratio of prepared cement was 2:1 for powder to liquid. Net setting time of cements was measured by ISO 9917-1. The specimens for the compressive strength (CS; $4{\times}6mm$), diametral tensile strength (DTS; $6{\times}4mm$), three-point flexure (FS; $2{\times}2{\times}25mm$) with flexure modulus (FM) were obtained from cements at 1, 7, and 14 days after storing in distilled water at $(37{\pm}1)^{\circ}C$. All mechanical strength tests were conducted with a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc test. The mechanical properties of conventional glass ionomer cement was significantly enhanced by addition of 0.5 wt% CL to cement liquid (CS, DTS), or by addition of 10 wt% CH (FS) to cement powder. The CL particles incorporated into the set cement were firmly bonded to the GIC matrix (SEM). Within the limitation of this study, the results indicated that chitosan powders can be successfully added to enhance the mechanical properties of conventional GIC.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.73-99
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• 2009

There are three assassination and treatening cases in this thesis introduced as analysis data. They are shooting accidents of the U.S.A's President Reagun (1981,3.30), and the President Park Jeong Hee of South Korea(1974.8.15), assassination of the Prime Minister Lavin of Israel (1995.11.4) In March 30, 1981, there was an accident where criminal, Hinckley, fired ball cartridges right before the President Reagan got into the car to move to White House after completing the announcement of Hilton Hotel of Washington. As a result, the chest of president was shot and public information secretary and safeguard were wounded. In August, 15, pm 10:23, where the 29th 8.15 independent anniversay event was being celebrated by the people at the National theater in Jangchungdong, Seoul, the criminal Moon Sekwang fired ball cartridges, he failed to assassinate the President Park Jeong Hee of Korea, but shot the First lady Yuk Young Soo. She was wounded right part of head and died. In November 4, Saturday, pm 22:00 the Prime Minster Lavin had finished the supporting event of Middle Asia's Peace project and was taking on the car when he was killed by the criminal Amir's shooting, The accidents left very important lesson from the aspect of security analysis and it has been frequently used as a material for the education and training of safeguard organization. In Korea, as well as Presidential Security Service, national security departments have selected it as an important model for the subjects such as 'Security Analysis, 'Security Practice' and 'Security Methodology'. In the performance of security duty, security skill is the most important matter. Moreover, it has a close relationship with politics, society and culture. The purpose of this study is to analyze and reevaluate the case, which has been treated as a usual model from the aspect of security analysis, beyond its introduction. Attempted assassination of President Reagan was evaluated as a positive success example because of its rapid response of adjacent guards to evacuate Reagan, who is a guard target, within 10 seconds after the shot. When comparing it to President Kennedy Assassination of 1963, it was evaluated that guards were significantly specialized. In the study, however, it was possible to found many problems such as carelessness of guard, who is in charge of external area of event place, idle attitude for frequently used event place, confusion of wireless communication, risk of wireless security disclose, insufficient provision of compulsory record file, insufficient profiling of dangerous person and unsecured hospital and first-aid room.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2020

Purpose: Zirconia fixed partial dentures with mandibular 2^nd premolar and 2^nd molar as abutments are fabricated and then the effects of inter-abutment distance on fracture resistance of zirconia fixed partial dentures is studied. Materials and Methods: The materials used in this study are Cameleon S zirconia block and S2 zirconia block, which are divided into CS Group and S2 Group applying different inter-abutment distance for each material, and the sintered zirconia fixed partial denture was luted to the epoxy resin die using a temporary luting cement, and then the fracture resistance was measured by placing a 6 mm diameter hardened steel ball on the occlusal surfaces of the pontics and applying pressure at a cross head speed of 1.0 mm/min on a universal testing machine with a load cell of 5.0 kN. Results: The fracture resistance of zirconia fixed partial dentures is not significantly affected by inter-abutment distance The fracture resistance of zirconia fixed partial dentures in CS Group was significantly higher in 15 mm of inter-abutment distance than in 13 mm and 17 mm of inter-abutment distance (P < 0.05). The fracture resistance of zirconia fixed partial dentures in S2 Group was not significantly different between the three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The fracture resistance of zirconia fixed partial dentures with mandibular 2^nd premolar and 2^nd molar as abutments does not significantly affected by the inter-abutment distance.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.55-58
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to get information about water retention characteristics of horticultural substrates used in Korea determined by European standard method. Water retention curves were prepared at water volume (v/v, %) in relation to -10 cm, -50 cm, -100 cm water pressure head. Water retention curves showed different properties depending upon the type, the place of origin, particle size, and manufacturing processes of substrates. Peat and coir had easily available water content in the range of 30-40% and showed high water holding capacity, water buffering capacity, and aeration for plant growth. However, bark, sawdust and rice hull showed low water holding capacity about below 10%. The easily available water content of perlite and clay ball was low about 0.1-13.8%, whereas that of vermiculite and rockwool granulate was high about 25.9-52.0%. Understanding water retention characteristics of growing substrates is very important in cstablisliing optimum condition for plant growth. Further study on water retention curves for more substrates, mixture and growing media is needed.