• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.36-50
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate quantity food production practices in foodservices by analysing the menus of April, 1996, The questionnaire was developed and responded to by 96 dietitians in Sangju, Munkyung, Gumee, Kimchun, and Andong during November, 1996. The survey was performed by simple random samplings. The results were as follosw; 1. Hospitals and industry served food for thirty days and schools for twenty days. Kimchi was a select-menu for hospitals and one side dish for industry and schools. The type of menu was a single use menu which consisted of cooked rice, soups and three side dishes. 2. The most frequently used ingredients were green onions, rice, carrots, onions, Korean radish roots, pork, eggs, glutinous rice, and milk. Kimchis were served most frequently in all food services and cooked rices and soups were next. 3. The age of most of the respondents was 26 to 30.54.2% of subjects were juniou college graduates and 77.1% were single. Fifty seven point three percent of the dietitians lived with family relatives, or friends. 87.5% of the dietitians had been working for 1 to 5 years. 4. Most foodservices were self-operated. The number of meals served was determined by meal coupon counting in hospitals(37.5%), meal board counting in industry(29.2%), and attendance card counting in schools(41.1%) The cost of sales per meal was approximately 2,450 won in hospitals and was approximately 1,100 won in industry and schools. The average number of days per menucycle was 7.4 in hospitals. 10.3 in industry and 25.5 in schools. Hospitals, industry, and schools held about 118, 265 and 263 recipes respectively. The average number of dietitians was 2.6 in hospitals and 1.0 in industry and schools. Except for the number of recipes, the general practices of foodservices were significantly different(P<0.05). 5. In the general quantity food production, food and seasonings measuring was hardly done. the percentage of foodservices using chemical seasonings was higher in hospitals and industry than in schools. the most important concern was taste, Registered cooks were employed in 75% of schools but only 50.0% in hospitals and 20.8% in industry. Most of the dietitians respinded that their cooks skill was not bad. The education of unregistered cooks was performen once or two times a month in hospitals and industry, and in schools performed everyday. The problem when educating cooks was the lack of cooking skill of the dietitians in schools, and the lack of time in hospitals, and the negative attitude toward education in industry. The method for improving cooking in all foodservices was OJT, or the extension of education facilities and the development and dissemination of standard recipes. The frequency of throwing away leftovers was higher in hospitals. But in industry, the frequency of saving leftovers was higher. 6. Though all foodservices have standard recipes, the number that used them was low, Another problem is that standard recipes resulted in leftovers. The inconveniences of using standard recipes were the difficulty of applying standard recipes to various numbers of customers the complication of use, or facility insufficiency.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.34-51
• /
• 2008

인터넷이 일상생활에서 중요한 위치를 차지함에 따라 인터넷에서 발생되는 트래픽의 특성을 밝히는 것은 매우 중요한 연구과제로 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 인터넷 트래픽은 대용량이므로 쉽게 다룰 수 없다. 이러한 문제는 인터넷 트래픽 측정 연구에 가장 큰 장애다 많은 연구자들은 다양한 샘플링 기법을 통해 트래픽을 다를 수 있는 양으로 샘플링하여 분석하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 인터넷 측정 연구에서 사용된 샘플링 기법을 비교 분석하고, 가장 효과적인 샘플링 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구에 비교 사용된 샘플링 기법은 규칙적 샘플링, 단순 랜덤 샘플링, 층화 샘플링이며, 샘플링 단위는 1/10, 1/100, 1/1000을 사용하였다. 분석한 항목은 트래픽 크기 분석, 엔트로피 분석, 패킷 크기 분석이다. 단순 랜덤 샘플링은 무난한 결과를 보였고, (간격을 패킷 개수로 설정한) 규칙적 샘플링은 대상과 샘플링 강도에 상관없이 고른 결과를 보였다. 한편, 간격을 시간으로 설정한 규칙적 샘플링은 매우 좋지 않을 결과를 나타내었다. 전송층 프로토콜을 기준으로 층화 샘플링 수행할 경우 더욱 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 연구 결과를 통해 샘플링 기법이 시간에 따른 트래픽의 흐름을 얼마나 잘 유지하는가가 샘플링 성능을 좌우함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 엔트로피 분석은 샘플링에 강하고, 이상 트래픽 탐지에 매우 적절함이 확인되었다. 그러나 병목 현상에 의한 트래픽 크기 감소는 잘못된 엔트로피 분석 결과를 유발할 수 있음을 발견하였다. 마지막으로, 패킷 크기 분포는 패킷 샘플링 방식이나 강도에 영향을 받지 않음을 발견하였다.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.197-209
• /
• 1996

Bangladesh that is known as the poorest country of the world has the large land of fertile soil and very good environment to live, even though we think she may be very bad to live. People being habituated to that good environment, the population explosion made the people to be starven, but the treatment has been simple support without deep analysis of the root of poverty. As the result it is general that the poverty is severer and severer in spite of continuous support. For the last century Korea changed from the country of poverty and despair to that of development and hope, to be model mid vision of under development countries including Bangladesh. At this point it is necessary to look back the way of development to help them to solve their poverty problem. That is the goal of this project, and this thesis is the result of it. It is evaluated for the 1st 5 years work of the project to apply the result to the next 5 years plan. This project had been proceeded from 1. Jul. 1990 to 30. Jun. 1995 at Chilmari area of Bangladesh, with teaching and training to wake up the mentality of the people, demonstration farming and cooperative association. It was proceeded as the Agriculture project of KDAB(Korean Development Association in Bangladesh, an NGO registered to Bangladesh) supported by Good Neighbors, KOICA and many churches and individuals. Especially the teaching and training work was proceeded as the branch of the Canaan Farmer`s School of Korea with instruction and support. After the basic survey for project, the confirmation of working place and the preparation of training facility, 10 times of long term training(3 months worse, boarding) was completed, with many times of short term training, informal training, demonstration farm, various demonstrating works. The results of the work are understanding of the not of problem by participatory observation, making plan to solve it, getting the trust from the people and beginning the practical work with the trainees for development of economy and living situation. The biggest problem of Bangladesh is being understood losing the desire to solve the poverty problem and the self-confidence to be able to do it. It is the conclusion that after solving the problem of thought and mentality, the education, technology and money can be effective for development. So the 1st 5 year project is evaluated as the basic work to analyse the root of problem, to chance mentality of people and to search income source. The next goal is to promote practical living level of people. For that it is necessary to develope die mentality of people including responsibility and self-confidence by teaching and training, to educate cooperative association and technology for economical development, to proceed integrated rural development work with economical development, educational improvement and reformation of environment. It is very important result that they decided to grow poultry for main economical source of Chilmari area, to do economical development work by joint operation of poultry through cooperative association.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.110-126
• /
• 1995

Korean economy has been developed successfully in the course of implementing the five year economic development plans since 1962. The gap of incomes and quality of life between rural and urban area has been widened and it made rural farm laborers drain to urban areas. Therefore the prevailing situation of labor shortage and wage hike in rural area has made farm management deteriorate in recent years. Under the internal and international unfavorable economic conditions, marginal farm land of 66.5 thousand ha has been idled as of end of 1993. The total area outside agricultural development zone with bad farming conditions including irrigation and drainage, and land consolidation for mechanization were estimated at 360.4thousand ha equivalent to 17.5% of the total farm land area in Korea. Considering the topographical conditions of marginal lands, the effective use of marginal lands should be studied from the view point of public interest rather than from the view point of individual economic conditions. Considering the present agricultural economic settings, such as price decrease, unfavourable benefits of farm products, labour shrotage, free trade of farm products and poor physical condition of marginal lands, the institutional and realistical measures for the effective utilization of idle and marginal land should be studied as soon as possible. Detail land use pattern should be surveyed in the areas outside agricultural development zone and have to be classified as orchard farms, grass land, fish culture farms, lawn and ornamental tree farm, sight seeing and leisure farms for urban peoples, special crops production farms and common farms to be developed for farm mechanization. According to the surveyed results, the expected utilization patterns of the idle and marginal lands could be considerd as village common use, farm land base development, leisure farm development, mutual complementary utilization between urban and rural areas, G't purchase and management, credit supply and new extension services, improvement of cropping patterns and sight seeing and leisure farm patterns. For the successful and reasonable management of the marginal lands, the actions such as institutional improvement, prohibition of idle marginal land, enforcement of activities of farm management committee members and land banking system of RDC including development and utilization systems should be included.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2016

한국의 외국인 근로자 문제는 1988년 서울 올림픽 이후 외국인 근로자수가 급증하면서 본격적으로 제기되기 시작하였다. 이들은 열악한 근무환경과 저임금, 임금체불, 문화적응 등으로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구는 외국인 근로자들의 사회적 자본(사회적 네트워크 및 사회적 지원)과 미디어 이용(한국 및 중국 미디어)이 그들의 문화적응과 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 이들을 고용하는 기업들과 이들을 지원하는 공익단체에 실무적 시사점을 주고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적달성을 위하여 중국인 근로자 273명(조선족 근로자 216명과 한족 근로자 57명)에 대한 설문조사를 근거로 하여 연구가설을 검증하고 이론적이고 실무적인 결과를 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 실증적 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외국인 근로자의 사회적 자본 중 모국인 네트워크, 한국인 네트워크, 가족지원 및 모국인 지원 등의 독립변수가 매개변수인 문화적응에 정의 (+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 또한 이들의 독립변수들은 직무만족에도 정의 (+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 미디어 이용변수 중 한국 미디어는 문화적응과 직무만족에 모두 정의 (+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 매개변수인 문화적응은 모국 네트워크와 직무만족의 관계, 그리고 한국인 네트워크와 직무만족 간의 관계에서 부분매개의 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 문화적응은 가족지원과 직무만족의 관계, 모국인 지원과 직무만족의 관계, 그리고 한국 미디어와 직무만족의 간의 관계에서 완전매개의 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 사회적 자본과 한국 미디어 이용이 문화적응과 직무만족의 중요한 요인임을 확인시켜 주었으며, 문화적응의 변수가 중요한 매개요인으로 나타난 것은 외국인 근로자의 경우에, 문화적응이 매우 중요한 매개관계를 하고 있음을 각인시켜주고 있다.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.261-286
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 오늘날 기업에 관한 부정적 소문인 루머의 영향을 최소화하기 위한 관리 방안을 고찰하는데 목적이 있다. 즉, 기업-소비자동일시 수준에 따른 루머의 신뢰 정도와 그에 따른 확산정도를 파악하고 루머의 신뢰와 확산을 막고자 하는 기업이 루머반박을 했을 경우, 동일시 수준에 따른 반박효과의 차이를 살펴보았다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서는 동일시 수준에 따라 악성루머에 대한 신뢰도 반응 확산의도 차이, 재구매 의도 차이가 있는지 확인해 보았으며, 동일시 수준에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 동일시가 낮은 소비자가 루머에 대한 신뢰도가 높았고, 확산의도 또한 동일시가 낮은 소비자에서 높게 나타났다. 이에 반해, 재구매 의도는 동일시가 높은 소비자에게서 높게 나타났다. 따라서 기업-소비자 동일시 수준에 따라 루머에 대한 반응의 차이와 그 후 태도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로, 기업이 반박기사를 냈을 경우, 동일시 수준에 따라, 반박 기사에 대한 반응이 다를 것이라 보았다. 동일시가 높은 소비자는 동일시가 낮은 소비자 보다 반박기사에 대한 신뢰도가 높게 나타났음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.21-38
• /
• 2014

기업의 상호는 기업의 성공적인 수많은 요인 중에서도 타기업과 경쟁기업을 차별화시키는 무형의 자산으로 기업의 이미지와 강하게 관련되어 있다고 볼 수 있다(Akerlof, 1970). 지금까지 상호변경에 관한 연구는 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 연구와 부정적인 영향을 미치거나 영향을 미치지 않는다는 연구로 대별된다. 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 연구는 상호변경이 투자자의 투자욕구에 영향을 미치거나 미래현금흐름에 대한 투자자의 기대를 변하게 하는 신호로 작용하여 기업가치가 증가한다는 것이다. 상호변경 자체가 기업 내외의 이해 관계자들에게 긍정적인 신호로 작용하여 기업의 미래가치를 높일 수 있고 이러한 신호효과가 신뢰성이 높다면 투자자들의 정보비용을 절감시켜 정보비대칭이 감소함으로서 내재자본비용의 감소를 가져올 수 있다. 한편, 반대되는 연구결과로 부정적인 성과를 오도하기 위해 상호를 변경하는 경우 시장에 악재로 작용할 수 있으며 도리어 상호변경에 수반되는 추가적인 비용으로 인하여 주가에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 연구와 시장균형하에서 상호변경은 기업가치에 어떠한 영향도 미치지 않는다는 연구이다. 상호변경이 기업이미지 개선, 합병 등 과거와의 단절 및 기업이미지 세탁을 위하여 이루어진다면 상호변경 자체에 대해 투자자들은 조심스럽게 받아들일 수밖에 없다. 즉 시장의 관점에서 보면 기업의 상호변경에 대하여 기업의 내재가치 및 이와 관련된 정보의 비대칭성이 크다는 특성을 가지며 새로운 상호로의 교체가 위험을 의미한다면 상대적으로 기업과 기업외부의 이해관계자들과의 정보비대칭이 증가함으로서 정보위험에 대한 대가로 기업의 내재자본비용은 증가할 수밖에 없다. 이렇듯 현재까지 상반된 연구결과가 존재하는 상황에서 본 연구는 2005년부터 2010년까지 국내 유가증권시장 상장기업을 대상으로 상호변경이 내재자본비용에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 분석결과, 상호변경은 내재자본비용에 유의적인 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 상호변경은 경영자와 외부투자자자간의 정보비대칭을 증가시키고 이에 대해 시장에서는 정보위험에 대한 추가적인 위험프리미엄을 요구한다고 볼 수 있다. 결과적으로 상호가 기업에 대한 인지도 및 신뢰성의 척도로 작용하여 상호변경이 투자자들의 정보비용을 절감시키는 효과보다 상호변경을 미래에 대한 불확실성이라는 위험으로 인지하여 추가적인 프리미엄을 요구하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 재활간호학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.180-192
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to survey basic data for management of elderly day care centers. In this study, occupation, leisure life, and food, clothing and habituation, as well as social relationship, health state and behavior, and general characteristics of subjects were examined to identify the factors affecting their cognition, need and preference of the day care centers. The subjects of this study were 392 elderly, aged 60 years or over, living in Gangnung and neighboring districts. Data were collected by educated interviewers from November 4 through November 22, 2002. The subjects were interviewed face to face, one for one after the interviewee's agreements on the survey. The collected data were analysed with logistic regression analysis by SAS (statistical analysis system). Logistic regression analysis was done to identify affecting factors for cognition, need and preference of the elderly day care centers. The major findings are as follows: 1. The factors affecting cognition for the day care centers were analysed. The subjects with an occupation and a lower satisfaction level of living environment and friendship, who were economically secure enough to manage a sudden accident, showed a higher level of cognition of the day care centers. The subjects with a higher level of mental health state and a lower level of IADL also showed a higher level of cognition. On the general characteristics younger female subjects showed a higher level of cognition. 2. The subjects with a lower level of perceived economic condition who did not own their housing and were not economically safe enough to manage a sudden accident, had showed a higher level of need for the day care centers. It showed that the subjects with a high level of mental health state, a bad eye sight and dental condition, a good perceived health condition, and a lower level of IADL, needed the centers. 3. The subjects who had an occupation, however, not capable of making their own daily expenses, and a low occupation satisfaction level, and who did not own their housing, and were economically poor not enough to manage a sudden accident, showed a higher preference for the day care centers. The subjects with higher levels of friendship satisfaction and perceived health condition, not living with their spouse, and a higher education level, showed a higher preference for the centers. In conclusion, the common factors affecting their cognition, need and preference of the day care centers were occupation, economic security enough to manage accidents, and friendship satisfaction level. Especially, the subjects who had an occupation, however, not economically secure enough to manage accidents, and who did not live in their own housing with a good perceived health condition, showed high levels of need and preference for the day care centers. These results can be used as basic data to develop the efficient elderly day care centers, thus contribute to the elderly welfare in a local community.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.401-420
• /
• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22)has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase)-containing mouthwash in human experimental gingivitis. This 3-week clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 2 and 3 weeks, subjects were scored for plaque(Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index and plaque severity index), gingivitis($L{\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and at baseline and 3 weeks of experiment, subjects were scored for plaque(Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index and plaque severity index), tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice dailywithout toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 week of experiment. During 3 weeks' period, the dextranase group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation of Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index, compared to the chlorhexidine and placebo groups, but chlorhexidine group showed the least increase inplaque accumulation of Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 3 weeks of experiment. The dextranase group also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the chlorhexidine as well as the placebo groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the chlorhexidine group, compared to the baseline score and the placebo group since 3 weeks of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 3 weeks in the dextranase group, still less severe than the chlorhexidine group. As for the oral side effect, the dextranase group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the chlorhexidine group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwashin inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, in human experimental gingivitis. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 1988

요소는 박테리아가 가지고 있는 urease에 의해 2분자의 $NH_3$와 1분자의 $CO_2$ 기체를 생성한다. Proteus vulgaris를 $NH_3\;와\;CO_2$ 기체 감응전극에 고정시켜 박테리아 전극을 조립하고, pH, 온도, 완충용액, 박테리아(균)의 양 및 여러가지 방해불질의 영향과 전극의 수명등에 관하여 조사하였다. $NH_{3-}$박테리아 전극은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 pH 7.4인 0.05M phosphate완충용액을 사용하였을 때 직선범위는 $7.0{\times}10^{-4}\;-\;3.0{\times}10^{-2}$M 이었고, 감응 기울기는 116.7 mV/decade였다. 한편, $CO_{2-}$박테리아 전극은 $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, 0.1M phosphate완충용액을 사용하였을 때 $7.0{\times}10^{-4}\;-\;5. 0{\times}10^{-2}$M내에서 감응 기울기는 $45.4{\sim}45.7mV/decade$로 나타났다. 실제 임상적인 응용으로서 요속에 들어 있는 요소를 정량하고 분광광도법과 비교하였다. 결과적으로 이 전극의 경우는 실험과정이 간단하고 편리하여 신속하게 많은 양의 시료 분석이 가능하였다.