• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.269-275
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• 1998

톡소포자충과 네오포자충 (Neospora caninum)의 충체 항원으로 톡소포자충 양성 혈청 및 톡소포자충증 환자의 혈청과 ELISA, western blot 및 면역형광법을 실시하였다. ELISA에서는 172명의 톡소포자충 양성 혈청에서 12명 （6.7％）이 두 항원에 모두 반응하였으며, 톡소포자충 음성인 110명의 혈청에서 1명이 네오포자충과 반응하였다. 교차반응을 보인 12 명의 혈청을 western blot으로 확인하였을 때, 톡소포자충 항원과는 다양한 양상으로 반응하였으나, 30 kDa (SAG1)과 22 kDa (SAG2) 항원과 강하게 반응하였다. 네오포자충과의 반응은 급격히 감소하였으나, 세 경우에서 43 kDa 단백질과 반응하였으며, 음성 혈청군의 1명도 43 kDa 단백질과 반응하였다. 면역형광법에서는 모든 양성 혈청이 톡소포자충의 세포막에 표지되었으나, 네오포자충과의 반응은 세포막, 세포 내 소기관, 혹은 둘 다를 표지하였다. 이로써, 톡소포자충과 네오포자충의 항원적 교차반응과 사람 혈청에서 네오포자충에 대한 항체의 존재를 확인하였으며, 네오포자충에 의한 인체감염 가능성에 대해서는 추후 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또, N. caninum의 우리말 이름을 네오포자충으로 제안한다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1977

항균제(抗菌劑)로 치료(治療)한 환자(患者)와 항균제(抗菌劑)를 투여(投與)받지 않은 의사(醫師) 및 학생군(學生群)으로부터 총(總) 665주(株)의 E. coli를 분리(分離)하여 약제내성(藥劑耐性) 및 R Plasmid의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)했다. 분리주(分離株)의 약(約) 25-41%가 chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin sulfisomidine 및 ampicillin(AP)에 내성(耐性)이었고 9.5%가 kanamycin에 내성(耐性)이었으며 nalidixic acid에 내성(耐性)인 균주(菌株)는 극히 드물었다. 내성주(耐性株)는 의사(醫師) 및 학생군(學生群)에서보다 환자군(患者群)에서 월등(越等)히 높았다. 4 또는 그 이상(以上)의 약제(藥劑)에 내성(耐性)인 다제내성주(多劑耐性株)는 의사(醫師) 및 학생군(學生群)보다 환자군(患者群) 분리주(分離株)에서 월등(越等)히 많은 반면 3제(劑) 또는 그 이상(以上)의 약제(藥劑)에 내성(耐性)인 균주(菌株)의 빈도(頻度)는 3군(群) 분리주(分離株) 사이에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 4제(劑) 또는 그 이상(以上)의 약제(藥劑)에 내성(耐性)인 균주(菌株)를 보유(保有)하고 있는 사람은 의사(醫師) 및 학생군(學生群)보다 환자군(患者群)에서 그 빈도(頻度)가 높았다. 거의 대부분(大部分)의 약제(藥劑) 내성주(耐性株)는 모든 내성(耐性) 특히 AP 내성(耐性)을 접합(接合)에 의하여 약제감수성(藥劑感受性)인 E. coli에 전달(傳達)했다. 다제내성(多劑耐性)을 가지는 균주(菌株)는 그 근원(根源)에 관계(關係)없이 더 높은 빈도(頻度)로 약제내성(藥劑耐性)을 전달(傳達)하는 경향(傾向)이 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.818-824
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• 2003

전국에 분포되어 있는 우수메주를 일반분석 및 관능평가를 통해 선발하고 선발된 메주의 우수 균주를 분리 동정하여 형태학적 생육특성을 조사하였다. 지역별 메주의 성분분석 결과, 수분함량은 7.2∼28.8%, 조단백질 함량은 32.7∼42.3%의 범위를 나타내었다. 아미노태질소 함량은 경북지역의 메주가 770.8 mg%이었고, 전북지역 메주가 239.9 mg%로 가장 낮았다. 각 지역에서 생산된 메주로 만든 된장의 유리아미노산 함량은 전북 된장이 4,169.6 mg%, glutamic acid는 경북이 499.4 mg%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 그리고 메주의 관능검사 결과 경북지역에서 수거한 메주가 색상, 외관, 종합적 품질평가에서 타지역과 유의성(p<0.05) 있게 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 경북지역 메주에서 분리한 균의 형태학적 특성은gram 양성, 호기성 간균이며 운동성이 있었다. 세포의 지방산 조성중 주요 성분의 함량은 $C_{15:0}$ anteiso 지방산이 30.7%, $C_{15:1}$ iso 지방산이 28.9%, $C_{17:0}$ anteiso 지방산이 13.3%,그리고 $C_{17:0}$ iso지방산이 11.2%를 나타내었다. 이 균주의 identification coefficient는 표준균주와 같은 0.653을 나타내었으며, Bergey의 매뉴얼과 지방산 profile에 따라서 분석한 결과 B. licheniformis NH20으로 동정되었다. B. licheniformis NH20의 최적 생육 온도는 32$^{\circ}C$, 최적 초기 pH는 7.0, 최적 염도는 2%, 그리고 배양시간은 9시간이었다. 9시간이었다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2011

Purpose: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most important diabetic complications because it increases the risk of amputations. Moreover, it lowers the quality of patients' life and increases the social medical expenses. Authors analyzed risk factors of intractable diabetic foot ulcer using retrospective study. Materials and Methods: From January 2007 to December 2010, 40 patients who could not achieve complete healing despite more than 12 weeks of proper management among who had been diagnosed and treated as diabetic foot ulcer at our hospital were included and evaluated retrospectively. We compared the risk factors between two groups who were finally treated by amputation and non-amputation. Results: The sample was composed of 31 male patients (77.5%) and 9 female patients (22.5%). Comorbidity including hypertension and hyperlipidemia were 77.5% and 80% each. By Wagner classification, 30 patients (80%) had ulcerative lesion over the grade 3. From bacteriology results, 29 patients (72.5%) had polybacteria infection. 35 patients (87.5%) had neuropathy and 26 patients (65%) had vascular stenosis at least one level. The mean initial ankle-brachial index and toe-brachial index were 0.982 and 0.439. In comparison between amputation group and non-amputation group, ulcer severity, number of stenotic vessel and initial ankle-brachial index/toe-brachial index had statistical significance. Conclusion: The most commonly risk factor of intractable diabetic foot ulcer was peripheral neuropathy reaching 87.5% of cases. In comparison with non-amputation group, ulcer severity according to Wagner classification, number of stenotic vessel and initial ankle-brachial index/toe-brachial index were demonstrated as a risk factor of amputation in intractable diabetic foot ulcer.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.232-235
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• 2011

Clostridium (C.) difficile 은 사람뿐만 아니라 동물에서도 새롭게 출현한 중요한 병원체로 인식되어 왔다. 제주도에서 설사 증상이 있는 132두의 돼지 직장 분변 및 냉동 결장을 대상으로 C. difficile 균체의 독소 A, B 유전자를 검출하기 위한 중합효소연쇄반응을 실시하였다. 그 결과 포유자돈 2두 이유자돈 2두 및 육성단계 돼지 1두 등 총 5두의 돼지에서 독소 A 및 B에 대하여 양성반응을 나타내었다. PCR 결과는 돼지 대장의 조직학적 병변과 일치하였다. 병리조직학적 소견으로 독소 양성 돼지의 맹장과 결장에서는 점막하직 및 장막의 부종이 관찰되었다. 점막의 병변은 국소적인 상피세포의 괴사, 부분적인 탈락 및 장벽의 괴사까지 다양하였다. 세균 검사 결과 4두 (80%)는 Salmonella typhimurium과 혼합감염되어 있었다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.211-226
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• 1986

To understand the pathogenesis of anicteric leptospirosis with severe pulmonary hemorrhage occured in Korea, the microbiological and pathological features were observed in the experimentally induced leptospirosis in guinea pigs infected with a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans isolated from the patient at Wonju, Korea, and the results are summarized as follows. 1. The main pathological features were widespread hemorrhages, especially affecting lung, skeletal muscles, retroperitoneal and perirenal adipose tissues. The hemorrhages accompanied inflammatory process especially of vasculitic pattern as well as occasional coagulation necrosis in the liver, skeletal muscle, and myocardium. The main inflammatory cells were of plasma cell even in the fairly early stage of the infection. 2. Those pathologic changes were more exaggerated in the inoculation site. 3. Within 144 hours of infection, the longer the infection time, the more antigens were observed in the tissues, and the severer the pathologic changes. 4. Leptospiral antigens were detected at first by indirect immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase technics. As the infection time extended, the antigens were observed in all of the tissues examined except in the skeletal muscle. The shape of the antigens was spiral or thread-like within 72 hours of infection. As the infection progressed, they became fragmented and granular. 5. Leptospires were detected in the blood within 144 hours of infection by darkfield microscopic examination. Thereafter, none was observed. 6. Antibody to leptospires were detected as early as 72 hours of infection. In summary, the virulent strain of L. interrogans used in this experiment induced widespread hemorrhages with inflammatory reaction especially in lung, skeletal muscles, and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. With these findings, it is suggested that the direct toxic effect of leptospires might playa great role in the pathogenesis of this infection.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1994

최근 7월부터 9월사이 고수온기에 경남일대의 육상수조식 넙치양식장에서 8균주의 Staphylococcus epidermidis를 분리하여 이들의 생물학적 및 생화학적 특성을 알아보았다. 분리균주는 BHIA, HIA, Staphylococcus No. 110 및 ETGP에서 잘 발육하였으며, 식염농도 2.0~3.0%, $30^{\circ}C$ 전후 그리고 pH는 7.0 전후에서 발육상태가 좋았다. 또한 DNase, coagulase에는 전 균주가 음성이었으며, 용혈성은 FSJ-2균주만이 약한 음성을 나타내었고, ureas 양성, novobiocin 저항성에는 음성을 나타내었다. 탄수화물의 분해능에서 전 균주는 가스를 생산하지 않았고 혐기적 조건하에서 포도당과 maltose를 분해하였으며 mannitol은 FSJ-19균주만이 약하게 분해한 것을 제외하고는 전 균주가 음성이었다. 호기적 조건하에서 전 균주는 포도당, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose 및 dextrin을 분해하였다. 분리균주의 임상적인 주요 특성에서 8개의 균주는 4가지의 다른 biotype code를 나타내었으며, 약제 감수성 그룹에서도 4가지의 다른 패턴을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology에 기재된 S. epidermidis의 coagulase, urease, DNase, $\beta$-galactosidase, novobiocin 저항성 및 포도당의 혐기적 분해성과 잘 일치하였고, 또한 Mickelsen et al.(1985)이 기재한 biotype과 약재 감수성 패턴이 잘 일치하여 본 분리균을 S. epidermidis로 동정하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2010

The present study was to investigate the source of contamination during semen processing for in vitro uses. In the present study, frozen semen was prepared from liquid semen in our laboratory for in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiments due to lack of fresh semen. Antibiotics were added in the frozen semen extender (kanamycin and gentamicin) and in vitro culture (IVC) medium (gentamicin) for further inhibiting growth of microorganisms. Nevertheless, proliferations of microorganisms were observed in IVC culture drop during culturing of IVF embryos using frozen semen. Randomly 3 samples were taken from the liquid semen, frozen semen and egg yolk. Contaminated IVC medium, frozen-thawed semen, liquid semen and egg yolk were cultured in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar medium. Whitish colonies were detected in contaminated IVC drop, frozen-thawed semen samples and egg yolk but no colonies were formed in liquid semen samples. Gram-negative and rod-shaped identical bacteria were found in both frozen-thawed semen sample and contaminated IVC drop and egg yolk samples. Enterobacter cloacae were confirmed by API 20E kit according to manufacturer's instruction with identification value (% ID) 94.3% and T index 0.88. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) by using ampicillin, amikacin, cephalothin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin test. Among them Enterobacter cloacae were resistant to ampicillin, amikacin, cephalothin, gentamicin, kanamycin but susceptible to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. From these findings it could be suggested that this contamination sources might be from egg yolk.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The rotavirus-induced diarrhea of human and animal neonates is a major public health concern worldwide. Until recently, no effective therapy is available to specifically inactivate the rotavirion particles within the gut. Passive immunotherapy by oral administration of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) has emerged of late as a fresh alternative strategy to control infectious diseases of the alimentary tract and has been applied in the treatment of diarrhea due to rotavirus infection. The purpose of this concise review is to evaluate evidence on the properties and performance of anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for prevention and treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in human and animal neonates. A survey of relevant anti-rotavirus IgY basic studies and clinical trials among neonatal animals (since 1994-2015) and humans (since 1982-2015) have been reviewed and briefly summarized. Our analysis of a number of rotavirus investigations involving animal and human clinical trials revealed that anti-rotavirus IgY significantly reduced the severity of clinical manifestation of diarrhea among IgY-treated subjects relative to a corresponding control or placebo group. The accumulated information as a whole depicts oral IgY to be a safe and efficacious option for treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in neonates. There is however a clear need for more randomized, placebo controlled and double-blind trials with bigger sample size to further solidify and confirm claims of efficacy and safety in controlling diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection especially among human infants with health issues such as low birth weights or compromised immunity in whom it is most needed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1972

There are many kinds of microscopes suitable for general studies; optical microscopes(OM), conventional transmission electron microscopes (TEM), and scanning electron microscopes(SEM). The optical microscopes and the conventional transmission electron microscopes are very familiar. The images of these microscopes are directly formed on an image plane with one or more image forming lenses. On the other hand, the image of the scanning electron microscope is formed on a fluorescent screen of a cathode ray tube using a scanning system similar to television technique. In this paper, the features and some applications of the scanning electron microscope will be discussed briefly. The recently available scanning electron microscope, combining a resolution of about $200{\AA}$ with great depth of field, is favorable when compared to the replica technique. It avoids the problem of specimen damage and the introduction of artifacts. In addition, it permits the examination of many samples that can not be replicated, and provides a broader range of information. The scanning electron microscope has found application in diverse fields of study including biology, chemistry, materials science, semiconductor technology, and many others. In scanning electron microscopy, the secondary electron method. the backscattererd electron method, and the electromotive force method are most widely used, and the transmitted electron method will become more useful. Change-over of magnification can be easily done by controlling the scanning width of the electron probe. It is possible. to continuously vary the magnification over the range from 100 times to 1.00,000 times without readjustment of focusing. Conclusion: With the development of a scanning. electron microscope, it is now possible to observe almost all-information produced through interactions between substances and electrons in the form of image. When the probe is properly focused on the specimen, changing magnification of specimen orientation does not require any change in focus. This is quite different from the conventional transmission electron microscope. It is worthwhile to note that the typical probe currents of $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-12}\;{\AA}$ are for below the $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-7}\;{\AA}$ of a conventional. transmission microscope. This reduces specimen contamination and specimen damage due to heatings. Outstanding features of the scanning electron microscope include the 'stereoscopic observation of a bulky or fiber specimen in high resolution' and 'observation of potential distribution and electromotive force in semiconductor devices'.