• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2008

Antimicrobial stability of grape seed extract ($ActiVin^{TM}$), pine bark extract ($Pycnogenol^{(R)}$), and oleoresin rosemary ($Herbalox^{(R)}$) on the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated in cooked ground beef. When compared to the control, the populations of A. hydrophila were most effectively reduced by 4.06 log CFU/g for 1% $Pycnogenol^{(R)}$ added after cooking at 10 days of refrigerated storage, followed by 3.06 log CFU/g for 1% $Pycnogenol^{(R)}$ added before cooking and 1.36 log CFU/g for $ActiVin^{TM}$. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were observed for $Pycnogenol^{(R)}$ added before and after cooking, respectively. $Pycnogenol^{(R)}$ consists of heat-labile and heat-stable compounds. $ActiVin^{TM}$ and $Pycnogenol^{(R)}$ could be considered for use as multifunctional preservatives in meat and meat products.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1299-1306
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• 2014

Background: Nano-biotechnology is recognized as offering revolutionary changes in various fields of medicine. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles have a wide range of applications. Materials and Methods: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized with an aqueous extract of Pterocladiella (Pterocladia) capillacea, used as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive analysis (EDX). The biosynthesized AgNPs were tested for cytotoxic activity in a human hepatocellular carcinoma ($HepG_2$) cell line cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% antibiotic and antimycotic solution and 2 mM glutamine. Bacterial susceptibility to AgNPs was assessed with Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis [Gram+ve] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli [Gram-ve]. The agar well diffusion technique was adopted to evaluate the bactericidal activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs using Ampicillin and Gentamicin as gram+ve and gram-ve antibacterial standard drugs, respectively. Results: The biosynthesized AgNPs were $11.4{\pm}3.52$ nm in diameter. FT-IR analysis showed that carbonyl groups from the amino acid residues and proteins could assist in formation and stabilization of AgNPs. The AgNPs showed potent cytotoxic activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma ($HepG_2$) cell line at higher concentrations. The results also showed that the biosynthesized AgNPs inhibited the entire panel of tested bacteria with a marked specificity towards Bacillus subtillus. Conclusions: Cytotoxic activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs may be due to the presence of alkaloids present in the algal extract. Our AgNPs appear more bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria (B. subtillus).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2010

소 유방염은 주로 세균 감염에 의한 유선조직에 염증이 생기는 질병으로 유방염의 치료와 억제를 위해서는 1차적으로 세균을 사멸시키는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 소 유방염의 원인이 되는 다양한 세균들에 대한 은 이온의 항균효과와 적용 농도를 측정하였다. 유방염 원인균에 대한 은 이온의 최소 억제 농도 (minimal inhibitory concentrations, MICs)와 최소 살균 농도 (minimum bactericidal concentrations, MBCs)를 측정하였으며, 주사전자현미경 (scanning electron microscopy, SEM)을 이용하여 은 이온에 의한 세균의 형태 변화를 확인하였다. 다양한 유방염 원인균에 대한은 이온의 최소 억제 농도와 최소 살균 농도는 1.9에서 15.6 ${\mu}g$/ml로 세균에 따라 차이가 보였으며, 은이온 처리 후 주사전자현미경 촬영 결과 Staphylococcus aureus와 Escherichia coli의 세포벽이 함몰되거나 파괴되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 유방염 원인이 되는 다양한 원인균에 대해 은이온의 살균 효과와 그 적용 농도를 보여주는 것으로, 소 유방염의 치료와 방어를 위한 임상적인 적용 가능성을 보여주는 것이다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2010

In this study, the antibacterial activities of essential oil from Zanthoxylum schinifolium against four Gram-positive bacteria and six Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. The antibacterial activity of the oils was determined using the agar-well diffusion assay, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration). In particular, essential oil from Z. schinifolium showed higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria. Essential oil from Z. schinifolium displayed large inhibition zones especially against Bacillus cereus (31 mm). At concentrations between 0 and $20\;{\mu}g/mL$ the oils showed an antibacterial effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against nine bacteria ranged from 1.25 to $5\;{\mu}g/mL$. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against eight bacterial ranged from 2.5 to $20\;{\mu}g/mL$, except Shigella sonnei. Furthermore, our finding on the antibacterial activities of essential oils from Zanthoxylum schinifolium validated the use of this plant for medical purposes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2637-2642
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• 2009

In this present paper, we prepared $MWCNT/TiO_2$ composites by using pre-oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different titanium alkoxide precursors in benzene solvent. The composites were comprehensively characterized by BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The photoactivity of the prepared materials, under UV irradiation, was tested using methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. Finally, according to the results of MB removal experiment, it can be considered that the MB degradation infect mainly caused by photocatalytic effect of $TiO_2$. Furthermore, the bactericidal test of the composites was also determined. It was indicated that $MWCNT/TiO_2$ composites with sunlight had greater effectiveness for B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli than any other experimental conditions.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1315-1321
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• 2018

Bacteriocin is ribosomally synthesized by bacteria and inhibits closely related species. In this study we aimed at isolating lactic acid bacteria producing bacteriocin presenting anti-staphylococcal activity. A Lactococcus lactis strain was isolated from kimchi for the purpose and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As preliminary tests, optimal culture conditions, stabilities against heat, solvents, and enzymes treatments, and type of action (bacteriostatic or bactericidal) of the bacteriocin were investigated. The optimal culture conditions for production of the bacteriocin were MRS broth medium and $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ culture temperatures. The bacteriocin was acidic and the activity was abolished by a protease treatment. Its stability was maintained at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 min and under treatments of various organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and chloroform. Finally, the bacteriocin showed bactericidal action against Staphylococcus aureus where 200 AU/mL of the bacteriocin decreased the viable cell count (CFU/mL) of S. aureus by 2.5 log scale, compared with a control (no bacteriocin added) after 4-h incubation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.522-526
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• 1999

S. mutans에 대한 키토산의 항균효과는 그 분자량에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며, 약 30,000의 분자량을 갖는 키토산이 가장 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 키토산 처리에 의해 세포로부터 단백질, 핵산, 2가 양이온 등이 상당량 유출되는 것이 관찰되었으며, 세포내 물질의 유출정도는 키토산의 항균효과와 밀접한 상관성을 보였다. 이러한 세포내 물질의 유출은 양이온성을 띠는 키토산의 아민기와 세포벽내의 음이온 성분과의 강한 결합에 의해 세포벽의 결합력이 약화되면서 생기는 결과로서 추측되었다. 키토산처리에 의해 S. mutans의 세포벽이 원형질로부터 분리되고 세포내 물질이 세포벽 내에서 밖으로 유출되는 현상은 투과전자현미경(TEM)에 의해 확인되었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

강한 산화력에 의하여 살균력을 나타내는 CT(Sodium N-chloro-para toluenesulfonamide, Chloramine-T)의 어류에 대한 독성과 수서 미생물에 대한 살균력을 분석함으로서 우리나라 해산어 양식현장에서 새로운 수산용 소독제로서 응용할 수 있는 가능성을 조사하였다. 우리나라 주 양식어종인 넙치는 해수에서 16 ppm 이상의 CT 농도에 계속 노출되면 48시간 이내에 폐사되는 급성독성을 보여 주었다. 그러나 CT의 세균사멸 효과는 매우 탁월하여 2ppm농도로 15분 이상 해수를 처리하였을 때 인위적으로 첨가시킨 어류질병관련 세균을 모두 사멸시킬 수 있었고 이러한 사멸효과는 세균의 종과는 큰 연관 관계를 보여주지 않았다. 그러므로 CT는 사육수를 통한 세균감염 방지 또는 병어로부터 유출된 병원균의 확산 방지에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 blue green algae(Tetraselmis suecica)에 대한 사멸효과는 10 ppm이상의 농도에서 24시간동안 처리하였을 때 나타남으로서 어류에 대한 급성독성을 나타내는 농도와 매우 근접하였으므로 동 식물성 플랑크톤의 효과적 제거를 위하여서는 상당히 제한적으로 사용되어야 할 것이다. 더구나 CT는 해수중에 유기물질의 농도가 10ppm 정도만 존재하고 있어도 그 살균효과는 급격하게 감소하므로 현장 적용 시에는 이에 관한 충분한 고려가 있어야 할 것이다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1975

This study was divided into two parts. In the first experiment, the in vitro antimicrobial effect was tested in order to evaluate the effect of vapors, and the effectiveness of the nonspecific endodontic medicaments (formocresol, camphorated parachlorophenol and eugenol). In the second experiment, the intracanal effect was tested in vitro under simulated clinical condition. The actual bactericidal effect of the nonspecific endodontic medicaments (formocresol, camphorated parachlorophenol and eugenol) was quantitated. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The zone of inhibition was appeared on the vapors of formocresol only, however there were no zone of inhibition appeared on the vapors of camphorated parachlorophenol and eugenol. 2. Formocresol produced the widest zone of inhibition and eugenol, the next and camphorated parachlorophenol, the narrowest. 3. All of the tested medicaments were vaporized in the root canal. They proved to be the effective antimicrobial activity in the root canal. 4. All of the tested medicaments were showed more bactericidal effect at 72 hours than 48 hours. 5. In comparing with the bactericidal effect of the tested medicaments in the root canal, formocresol was showed the most bactericidal medicament, camphorated parachlorophenol was showed the least. 6. Complete sterilization of the root canal was not achieved in any medicaments applied in this study.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2018

Polyphenon 60 refers to the mixture of catechins present in green tea. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of polyphenon 60 against 4 strains of Streptococcus mutans and 2 strains of Streptococcus sorbrinus, which are the major causative bacteria of dental caries. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of polyphenon 60 for S. mutans and S. sobrinus were determined and the effect of biofilm formation inhibition of that was evaluated. The MBC value of polyphenon 60 against the bacterial strains was 2.5 mg/ml except for one particular strain, S. mutans KCOM 1128 for which the value was 1.25 mg/ml. The results of biofilm formation inhibition assay revealed that polyphenon 60 inhibited biofilm formation more than 90% at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. It was apparent that polyphenon exhibited biofilm formation inhibition activity along with bactericidal effect against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Therefore, it is proposed that polyphenon 60 as one of the components of bactericidal agents could be useful in developing oral hygiene products, toothpaste or gargling solution.