• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1975

A total of 119 raw milk samples from ten dairy farms were examined for total bacterial count, and 739 quarter milk samples of 118 dairy cows of 14 herds were examined for mastitis. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean of total bacterial counts of the 119 raw milk samples was 132,000 per ml. The total bacterial counts of 81 samples (68.1%) were under the standard of 100,000 per ml and those of the 38 samples (31. 9%) were over the standard. The number of bacteria showed a tendency to increase in summer. 2. One hundred and ninety five quarters (26.4%) of 98 cows (52.7%) were proved to be infected with mastitis. Clinical mastitis was found at 7 qtarters (3.5%) of 5 cows (5.0%). 3. Staphylococcus (44.9%) and Streptococcus (26.7%) were two main causative organisms of mastitis. Coliform bacteria (4.6%), Pseuedomonas spp. (4.6%), yeasts (1. 3%) and corynebacterium sp. (0.7%) were also isolated from the infected quarters. 4. The isolates were more sensitive to chloramphenicol ((96.1%), leukomycin (78.8%), streptomycin (75.5%) and tetracycline (72.4%). On the other hand, they were less sensitive to colistin (11.0%), oreandomycin (18.1%), sulfisoxazole (24.6%), penicilline (27.6%), kanamycin (43.3%) and erythromycin (49.7%). Especially the strains of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the infected quarters were resistant to almost all the drugs examined.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2008

A total of 142 samples comprising vegetables, soil, and water collected from different agricultural farms (five provinces) were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria (aerobic plate count [APC]), Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The average of total APC in all the samples ranged from $4.72{\times}10^5$ to $8.62{\times}10^8\;CFU/g$ (mL). The prevalence of B. cereus, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. spp., and S. aureus for all samples was 17.60%, 2.11 %, 1.4%, 0%, and 2.11 % respectively, and their counts averaged to $4.87{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ (mL), $4.34{\times}10^3\;CFU/g$ (mL), $2.15{\times}10^2\;CFU/g$, 0 CFU/g, and $3.12{\times}10^3\;CFU/g$ respectively. Among the 3 different types of samples, 6 vegetables (10.34%), 24 soil (38.70%), and 3 water (13.64%) samples were found to be positive for bacterial pathogens. The result showed that the occurrence of bacterial pathogen in the samples analyzed was low. Further time to time monitoring and need to wash of raw agricultural products is recommended.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1972

Estrous and non-estrous rabbits were inoculated with E. coli or Streptococcus pyogenes, and the mixture of the two organisms, and bacterial count and histopathological studies of uterine horns were made to observe the effects of estrogen on the resistance of the uterus to bacterial infection. The results obtained were summarized as followings; 1. Four hours after inoculation of bactoria into uterine horn, the number of organisms was significantly lower in estrous rabbits than in non-estrous regardless of the kind of organisms inoculated. 2. The highest reduction rate of the organisms among the three bacterial inoculation groups was found in estrous rabbits inoculated with E. coli, and the lowest reduction rate was with Streptococcus pyogenes. 3. Histopathological changes of uterine horns induced five days after bacterial inoculation were observed. In estrous rabbits, a mild inflammatory reaction was found in Streptococcus pyogenes group, but a slight inflammatory reaction and only a negligible inflammatory reaction were observed in mixed bacteria group, and in E. coli group respectively. In non-estrous group, however, a marked inflammatory reaction was observed in Streptococcus pyogenes group, a moderate inflammatory reaction and a slight inflammatory reaction were observed in the mixed bacterial group and E. coli group, respectively.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1980

어육 연제품의 부패에 관여하는 세균의 보급원이 되고있는 부원료의 미생물 오염 실태를 알기 위하여 어육 소시지 가공공장과 시중에서 채취한 녹말, 각종 향신료 및 조미료 20종에 총 시료수 59점에 대하에 생균수, 대장균군, 분변계대장균, 곰팡이 및 효모, 내열균, 호기성 아포형성균(중온 및 고온균), 혐기성 아포형성균(중온 및 고온균), 혐기성 황화수소변패 아포형성균을 조사하였다. 1. 부원료 중 녹말, 후추, 고추가루, 양파, 마늘, 생강, 육즙, 프랑크 등은 일반세균 및 포자형성균의 오염이 높았으며 시판품이 가공공장의 것보다 세균함량이 많았다. 2. 생균수가 높았던 시료는 내열균, 호기성 아포형성 중온균 및 고온균의 함량이 높았다. 3. 가공공장의 후추와 육즙, 시판품의 후추, 고추가루, 양파, 마늘 등은 외국의 세균관계기준을 초과하고 있다. 4. 생균수는 가공공장의 후추, 밀가루, 양파, 마늘이 $10^4$~$10^{5}$ /g이었고 시판의 후추, 고춧가루, 양파, 마늘이 $10^{5}$ ~$10^{7}$ /g이였으며 후추정유와 색소에서는 검출되지 않았다. 5. 대장균군이 검출된 시료는 생균수의 함량이 높았던 종류들이며 후추, 고추가루를 제외한 다른 시료에서는 분변계대장균이 검출되지 아니하였다. 6. 곰팡이 및 효모는 가공공장의 녹말, 밀가루, 후추가 140~460/g이었고 시판하는 후추와 고추가루는 $10^3$/g이였으며, 다른 시료에서는 검출되지 아니 하였다. 7. 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 끓인 후 55$^{\circ}C$에서 배양한 혐기성 황화수소변패 아포형성균은 본 실험에 제공된 어느 시료에서도 검출되지 않았다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2002

본 연구는 실험방법이 간단하고 분석비용이 저렴하며, 단시간내에 세균수를 측정할 수 있는 현장적용 가능한 방법을 확립하기 위하여 냉장우육의 총균수를 표준평판배양법과 배양온도를 25$^{\circ}C$, 30$^{\circ}C$, 35$^{\circ}C$ 별로 레자주린 환원색과 환원시간을 측정하여 상관관계를 산출하였다. 연구결과를 보면, 총균수(25$^{\circ}C$/72시간, Y)와 레자주린 환원시간(X)과의 상관계수는 RRT (Resazurin reduction test) 배양온도가 25$^{\circ}C$와 30$^{\circ}C$, 환원색은 청색에서 분홍색으로 변할 때가 각각 -0.95와 -0.94로서 가장 높았다. 상관계수와 환원시간을 감안할 때 RRT 배양온도는 30$^{\circ}C$가 적합하였으며, 이때 회귀방정식은 Y = -0.4386X+7.7870이었으며, 돼지고기의 총균수가 $10^2$, $10^3$, $10^4$cfu/$cm^2$일 경우 검사시간은 13.2시간, 10.9시간, 8.6시간이었다. 총균수(30$^{\circ}C$/72시간, Y)와 레자주린 환원시간(X)과의 상관계수는 RRT 배양온도가 30$^{\circ}C$, 환원색은 청색에서 분홍색으로 변할 때가 -0.93으로서 가장 높았다. 이때 회귀방정식은 Y=-0.4171X+7.5540이었으며, 돼지고기의 총균수가 $10^2$, $10^3$, $10^4$ cfu/$cm^2$일 경우 검사시간은 13.3시간, 10.9시간, 8.5시간이었다. 총균수(35$^{\circ}C$/48시간, Y)와 레자주린 환원시간(X)과의 상관계수는 RRT 배양온도가 30$^{\circ}C$, 환원색은 청색에서 분홍색으로 변할 때가 -0.93으로서 가장 높았다. 이때 회귀방정식은 Y=-0.3514X + 6.7513이었으며, 돼지고기의 총균수가 $10^2$, $10^3$, $10^4$cfu/$cm^2$일 경우 검사시간은 13.5시간, 10.7시간, 7.8시간이었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-43
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• 1995

Dry rehydratable film (Petrifilm) method was compared with the standard pate count (SPC) method for estimation of total bacteria in ginseng products. Ginseng products (7 sample) was analyzed for total count by the SPC, and Petrifilm methods, respectively. In the case of ginseng tea, ginseng extract, ginseng extract pill, ginseng powder capsule, and ginseng extract tea, they showed non-significant values at the 1% level. However, the values of ginseng powder and tablet showed significant at the 1% level. These results generally indicate the suitability of the dry rehydratable film methods as alternatives to the SPC method for estimating of total bacteria in ginseng product samples except to ginseng powder and ginseng tablet.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1558-1562
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• 2007

To elucidate the influence of pipe materials on the VBNC (viable but nonculturable) state and bacterial numbers in drinking water, biofilm and effluent from stainless steel, galvanized iron, and polyvinyl chloride pipe wafers were analyzed. Although no HPC (heterotrophic plate count) was detected in the chlorinated influent of the model system, a DVC (direct viable count) still existed in the range between 3- and 4-log cells/ml. Significantly high numbers of HPC and DVC were found both in biofilm and in the effluent of the model system. The pipe material, exposure time, and the season were all relevant to the concentrations of VBNC and HPC bacteria detected. These findings indicate the importance of determining the number of VBNC cells and the type of pipe materials to estimate the HPC concentration in water distribution systems and thus the need of determining a DVC in evaluating disinfection efficiency.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.263-266
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• 1999

In examining bacterial growth on glass surfaces immersed in sea water, we found serious differences between enumeration methods. Therefore, we compared various methods and found sonication and direct count methods were superior to other methods. Since the direct count method was not suitable for long-term investigation, we chose the sonication method and confirmed that sonication periods 8 times for 30 seconds was optimal for the detachment of bacteria from glass surfaces.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2024

Objectives: Oral bacterial samples included subgingival, supragingival, and saliva plaques. As the diversity and number of microorganisms deffer depending on the area of the oral cavity and the method used, an appropriate and reliable collection method is important. The present study investigated oral bacterial sampling methods. Methods: Supragingival dental plaque was collected from the buccal and lingual tooth surfaces of study participants using sterilized cotton swabs. Plaques were collected from the subgingival area using a sterilized curette. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted using MagNA Pure 96 DNA and Viral NA low-volume kits. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the PowerCheck^TM Periodontitis Pathogens Multiplex Real-time PCR kit. Results: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum of the orange complex were not observed in the subgingival biofilms of all study participants. For Porphyromonas. gingivalis, a significant correlation was observed between supragingival, subgingival, and total tooth surface biofilms. Compared to the supragingival and subgingival biofilmss, total tooth surface biofilm exhibited the highest bacterial count when the inswabbing method was used. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the supragingival swab method is recommended for oral bacterial research.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2006

서울시 송파구 가락동에 위치한 가락 농수산물 도매 시장에서 구입한 건포류 32건(오징어류 14건, 명태류 10건, 쥐치포 4건, 대구포 그리고 조개류 각각 2건씩)을 조사한 결과를 보면, 그 평균치가 수분 17.28%, 회분 4.92%, 일반 세균수 $1.1{\times}10^7$ CFU/ml, 대장균군수 $9.0{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml, 그리고 포도상구균수 $5.4{\times}10^6$ CFU/ml로 각각 나타났다. 분리 동정된 111주를 살펴보면, 72주의 대장균군속균에서는 21주의 Pantoea spp, 14주의 Enterobacter cloacae, 그리고 13주의 Ranella aquatilis 등이 주로 나타났고, 포도상구균속균 12주 중에서는 Staphylococcus xylosus가 4주로 가장 많았다.