• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1150-1158
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• 2009

현재 영상의학과에서 사용되는 촬영장비는 질환을 가지고 있는 환자와의 접촉이 불가피 하기 때문에 병원균이 존재 할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 영상의학과 촬영실에서의 세균 오염도를 측정하고, 검출된 세균들을 소독(물, Tissue Cleaner, 70% 알코올)하여 소독 전 후 세균의 감소율을 비교함으로써 병원감염예방에 있어 소독제 사용의 중요성과 병원감염관리의 인식을 높이고자 한다. 영상의학과 촬영실에서의 세균 오염도를 측정 하였을 때 여러 가지 세균들이 검출되었다. 영상의학과 촬영실내를 소독할 때 물이나 Tissue Cleaner, 환기 보다는 70% Alcohol을 사용하여 소독을 실시하는 것이 세균 사멸 및 병원감염 예방부분에 있어 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 세균을 사멸시키기 위해 보다 좋은 소독제를 개발하여야 하며, 병원 내 각종 의료 장비는 언제나 오염될 가능성이 있으므로 기구에 대한 소독 및 멸균을 실시하여 병원감염으로 인해 환자에게 2차 감염을 유발되지 않도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.420-429
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• 2018

Soil stabilization is a soil remediation technique that reduces the mobility of heavy metals in soils. Although it is a well-established technique, it is nonetheless essential to perform a follow-up chemical assessment via a leaching test to evaluate the immobilization of heavy metals in the soil matrix. Unfortunately, a standard chemical assessment is not sufficient for evaluation of the biological functional state of stabilized soils slated for agricultural use. Therefore, it is useful to employ a pyrosequencing-based microbial community analysis for the purpose. In this study, a recently stabilized site in the proximity of an exhausted mine was analyzed for bacterial diversity, richness, and relative abundance as well as the effect of environmental factors. Based on the Shannon and Chao1 indices and rarefaction curves, the results showed that the stabilized layer exhibited lower bacterial diversity than control soils. The prevalence of dominant bacterial populations was examined in a hierarchical manner. Relatively high abundances of Proteobacteria and Methylobacter tundripaludum were observed in the stabilized soil. In particular, there was substantial abundance of the Methylobacter genus, which is known for its association with heavy metal contamination. The study demonstrated the efficacy of (micro)biological assessment for aiding in the understanding and post-management of stabilized soils.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2018

Accurate and rapid detection of bacterial plant pathogen is the first step toward disease management and prevention of pathogen spread. Bacterial plant pathogens Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn), Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Pss), and Rathayibacter tritici (Rt) cause Goss's bacterial wilt and blight of maize, Stewart's wilt of maize and spike blight of wheat and barley, respectively. The bacterial diseases are not globally distributed and not present in Korea. This study adopted comparative genomics approach and aimed to develop specific primer pairs to detect these three bacterial pathogens. Genome comparison among target pathogens and their closely related bacterial species generated 15-20 candidate primer pairs per bacterial pathogen. The primer pairs were assessed by a conventional PCR for specificity against 33 species of Clavibacter, Pantoea, Rathayibacter, Pectobacterium, Curtobacterium. The investigation for specificity and sensitivity of the primer pairs allowed final selection of one or two primer pairs per bacterial pathogens. In our assay condition, a detection limit of Pss and Cmn was $2pg/{\mu}l$ of genomic DNA per PCR reaction, while the detection limit for Rt primers was higher. The selected primers could also detect bacterial cells up to $8.8{\times}10^3cfu$ to $7.84{\times}10^4cfu$ per gram of grain seeds artificially infected with corresponding bacterial pathogens. The primer pairs and PCR assay developed in this study provide an accurate and rapid detection method for three bacterial pathogens of grains, which can be used to investigate bacteria contamination in grain seeds and to ultimately prevent pathogen dissemination over countries.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.665-672
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• 2013

영상의학과에는 다양한 질병을 가진 환자들이 검사를 받는 곳으로 병원감염의 교차 오염이 될 가능성이 큰 부서이다. 특히 자기공명영상(MRI)검사는 다른 검사에 비해 검사시간이 오래 걸려 교차오염에 더욱더 노출이 될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 MRI검사장비의 소독실태를 파악하고, 환자와 접촉이 가장 많은 Head coil, 환자 고정용 Block, 밀폐된 공간인 Bore에서의 세균분포도를 파악 하였다. MRI 검사장비의 소독실태는 MRI실 근무자 150명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 세균분포의 파악은 10 곳의 의료기관에서 측정하였다. MRI 장비의 세균 분포도결과 Staphylococcus, 등의 다양한 세균들이 발견되었다. MRI실 소독실태 파악결과 Head coil, Block, Bore의 소독은 잘 시행되는 것으로 나타났으며, 소독의 시기는 아침에 1회 소독을 가장 많이 시행 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 감염관리자에 따른 소독의 유, 무와 소독의 시기에서는 MRI실 검사자가 감염관리 할 때 잘 시행되는 것으로 나타났다. 환자를 검사한 후 교차오염을 방지하기 위하여 바로 적절한 소독제로 소독을 실시하여 교차오염을 방지하여야 할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2011

Mastitis is characterized by physical, chemical and bacteriological changes in the milk and pathological changes in the glandular tissue of the udder and affects the quality and quantity of milk. The bacterial contamination of milk from the affected cows render it unfit for human consumption and provides a mechanism of spread of diseases like tuberculosis, sore-throat, Q-fever, brucellosis, leptospirosis etc. and has zoonotic importance. Somatic cell count (SCC) is a useful predictor of intramammary infection (IMI) that includes leucocytes (75%) i.e. neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, erythrocytes and epithelial cells (25%). Leucocytes increase in response to bacterial infection, tissue injury and stress. Somatic cells are protective for the animal body and fight infectious organisms. An elevated SCC in milk has a negative influence on the quality of raw milk. Subclinical mastitis is always related to low milk production, changes to milk consistency (density), reduced possibility of adequate milk processing, low protein and high risk for milk hygiene since it may even contain pathogenic organisms. This review collects and collates relevant publications on the subject.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2017

In this study, the bacterial contamination level of equipments and devices in the nuclear medicine department of a university hospital was investigated. CNS was detected from the sample collected from the door opening button of the nuclear medicine department. Bacillus sp. was detected from the table and CNS with Bacillus sp. were detected from the control button at the PET-CT room no.1. Also, CNS was detected from the table and the control button at the PET-CT room no.2. In the distribution room no.1, CNS and Bacillus sp. were detected while CNS being detected from the distribution room no.2 and CNS with Bacillus sp. being detected from the distribution room no.3. In the injection room, Enterrococcus faecium and Pontoea sp. were detected. On the table of the ecsomatics room, Pontoea sp. was detected. Bacillus sp. was detected from the inside of the syringe Pb shield and CNS was detected from the outside. Enterrococcus faecium was detected from the Gamma camera table and Bacillus sp. was detected from the door grip. On the chair at the patient waiting room, Pseudomonas aeruginosa abd Bacillus sp. were detected. Therefore, it was understood that infection should be prevented by securely sterilizing examination devices after each examination, maintaining cleanliness by regular sterilization of waiting chairs and such objects with a number of direct contacts with patients, and infection education for the features of nuclear department.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic increased awareness regarding the importance of hand hygiene in infection prevention. Although social distancing and vaccination are the strongest ways to prevent infection, personal hand hygiene is the most basic and easiest way to maintain public health. However, in addition to hand washing using running water, sanitizing tissues, and disinfection products are convenient for hand hygiene, especially outdoors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the appropriateness of individual hand hygiene methods. In this study, we investigated the degree of hand hygiene offered by various hygiene products and hand drying methods for maintaining hand hygiene. Methods: An LED UV light kit was used for fluorescent observation of hand contamination. Bacteria from the hands were cultured to compare the degree of hand hygiene offered by various hygiene products. Bacteria were cultured in a hand-shaped medium dish to identify areas vulnerable to hand hygiene. Moreover, the degree of hand hygiene was observed according to the drying method using bacterial cultures. Results: We confirmed that hand washing under running water with antibacterial soap, sanitizing with alcohol gel disinfectant, and wiping with antibacterial wet wipes was effective for hand hygiene compared to washing under running water alone. However, for all hygiene products, a large number of bacteria were detected on the fingertips. We verified that natural drying, rather than rubbing, is effective in maintaining hand hygiene. Conclusion: These results suggest that hand hygiene products and drying methods are critical in hand hygiene management. Therefore, these results provide a basis for determining whether an individual's hand hygiene management method is appropriate.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2021

To analyze prevalence of mycotoxins, a total of 74 feedstuff samples were collected from silos (n=37) and hoppers (n=37) in nine pig farms. Six mycotoxins were tested with commercialized ELISA kits. All samples were contaminated with four or more mycotoxins. Zearalenone was detected in all of the tested samples. Ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol and H-2/HT-2 toxin were detected in more than 90% of the samples. And also, fumonisin was positive in 89.2% of the samples from the silos, 75.2% from the hoppers, respectively. On the other hand, aflatoxin was detected in about 40% of the samples. When the behavior of lactating sows was observed, possible mycotoxicosis was suspected. It was confirmed that their feedstuffs were contaminated with high levels of mycotoxins such as ochratoxin and T-2/HT-2 toxin. After cleaning the feedline, the clinical symptoms in sows suspected with mycotoxicosis were disappeared. Although mycotoxin concentration in most of the feedstuffs was below the acceptance level, these data indicate that what are required is more monitoring and continuous management for mycotoxins in pig feedstuffs.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine airborne bioaerosols such as bacteria and fungi in the kitchens of restaurants, and to assess the effects of thermal factors on the levels of the bioaerosols. Methods: Air samples were taken from kitchens of nine restaurants. An Anderson type air sampler was used for sampling and measurements. Petri dishes filled with a microbiological culture medium (trypticase soy agar for bacteria and Sabouraud dextrose agar for fungi) were used as the sampling surface. Results: The levels of bacterial aerosol measured were $10-10^3CFU/m^3$ and fungal aerosol $10-10^2CFU/m^3$, respectively The mean values of air temperature and relative humidity in the kitchens were $24.6^{\circ}C$ and 46.4%, respectively. Overall, the levels of bacterial aerosol varied by the restaurant type, and fungal aerosol by the business period (p < 0.05). The main effect of air temperature and interaction effect of air temperature and relative humidity onto the bacterial level were significant (p < 0.05), whereas the effects were not significant onto the fungal level. Conclusions: The results indicate a wide variation in the levels of bioaerosols among different kitchens. The observed differences in bioaerosol levels in the kitchens reflect different periods of use. The interactions of air temperature and relative humidity onto the bacterial level suggest that constant attention should be paid to avoid peaks of contamination during the summer season.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2017

Background: The study was conducted to investigate the distributions of faecal bacteria in commercial oriental medicine herb products. Methods and Results: A survey was conducted on the microbial contamination levels and antimicrobial specificity of Bacillus cereus and other microbes using 106 oriental medicine herb products on sale in Seoul. Pouring and isolation methods such as standard plate counts were used to identify the bacteria. The isolated bacterias included coliforms, Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp.were identified by using gram staining and an API (analytical profile index) kit. Antimicrobial drugs discs were determined by CLSI (clinical and laboratory standards institute). Conclusions: The bacterial isolates present in the herbal medicines included 98 coliforms, 45 Bacillus spp., 29 Enterococcus spp., and 2 Listeria spp. Among these, there were nine Bacillus cereus strains, one Enterococcus faecium strain, and one Enterococcus faecalis strain present. The 9 Bacillus cereus strains were tested for susceptibility to 36 types of antibiotics products by the disc diffusion method. The strains showed resistance to 13 of these antibiotic products and semi-resistance to 5 antibiotic products. On the basis of these results, any oriental medicine herb product can be assumed to be contain resistant or semi-resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, we suggest prescribing guidelines and special management for the use of antibiotics in farms producing oriental medicine herb products.