• 환경생물
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2011

Bacterial contamination of beach sand was examined in April, June, July, and August. Twenty four topsoil and subsoil samples were taken from the 1m and 5m points from the coastline in three Busan beaches (Haeundae, Gwanganli, and Songjeong). The 5m points from the coastline showed higher coliform contamination than 1 m points. July showed the highest bacterial contamination on beaches among surveyed months. Coliform contamination in the subsoil was higher than that of the topsoil. The bacterial contamination of 5m points of topsoil and subsoil in June except the Songjeong Beach was higher than those of July and August. We investigated Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus cereus. Only B. cereus was detected at the beach in August. Although microbiological pollution of the Gwanganli Beach was the highest among three Busan beaches, the degree of contamination was not high compared to those of other countries. However, sandy soil management in public beach for pathogenic microorganisms is needed.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2008

Purpose: This study is about safety of the expressed human milk by investigating its bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance of the microbes in the expressed milk. Methods: The data are collected from the 156 mothers and their newborn infants in NICU of U University Hospital from January 2004 to September 2005. Results: 1) The expressed human milk was contaminated by Staphylococcus epidermidis for 66.7%, Two mixed bacterial strain for 11.5%, Acinetobacter species for 8.0%, Klebsiella species for 4.6%, Staphylococcus aureus for 4.6%. 2) The microbes in the human milk had high resistance to the Antimicrobial agents: 77.5% for Penicillin-G, 66.6% for Oxacillin, and 63.7% for Cephalothin. 3) The distribution of microbes showed a significant depending on the place of the milk expression (p=.020). In particular, mixed bacterial strain was found more in the milks expressed at home than the milk expressed at the hospital. Conclusion: This study shows the importance of systematic education of feeding process in expressed milk: poor management of a breast pump, inadequate hand washing and imperfect breast cleaning explain the reasons of contamination 156 cases.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2021

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of hospital hygiene and infection control in hospital settings. To raise hygiene awareness among ultrasound technicians, we evaluated the hygiene status of an ultrasound room, in comparison with that of objects used in daily life. Using the swab method, the following surfaces were examined: eight surfaces in the ultrasound room including the ultrasound probes (convex, linear, sector, 3D), ultrasound track ball, ultrasound keyboard, ultrasound gel (sealed and in use) and pillow as well as four surfaces of everyday objects including subway handles, common computer keyboards, common computer mouse, and cell phones. The streak plate technique was used for inoculation into media, which was observed for the formation of bacterial colonies following incubation for 24 h. Six bacterial strains were detected from objects used in the ultrasound room, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Four strains of bacteria were detected on surfaces of everyday objects. The equipment and accessories used in an ultrasound room can act as vehicles for infecting patients. Establishment of standardized hygiene protocols and periodic training of the staff are recommended to avoid cross-infection.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2022

제주특별자치도에 위치한 대중음식점에서 제공하는 일회용 물티슈를 대상으로 식품의약품안전처장이 정하는 표시사항을 준수하는지 여부와 세균의 오염도를 평가하였다. 일회용 물티슈 32종류 중 5 종류의 일회용 물티슈는 영업소의 명칭 및 소재지가 표기되어 있지 않았다. 제조연월일과 유통기한은 12 종류의 물티슈만 표시 되어있었다. 일회용 물티슈 32종류 중 9종류의 물티슈에서 세균 집락이 배양되었으며, 23종류(71.9%)의 물티슈에서는 세균이 배양되지 않았다. 세균을 동정한 결과 그람양성알균은 Staphylococcus haemolyticus 4균주, Staphylococcus hominis 1균주, Staphylococcus warneri 3균주, 그람음성막대균은 Pseudomonas fluorescens 1균주로 동정되었다. 동정된 그람양성알균 8균주에 대한 항균제감수성검사를 시행한 결과 oxacillin, vancomycin 감수성으로 MRCNS(methicillin resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci)는 발견되지 않았으며, 동정된 그람음성막대균 1균주에 대한 항균제감수성검사 결과는 imipenem, meropenem에 모두 감수성으로 다약제내성균은 아니었다. 본 연구를 통해 위생용품으로 지정된 일회용 물티슈 개별 포장지 겉면에 반드시 제조년월일과 유통기한을 표기하고, 보관기준을 준수하여 오염되지 않은 깨끗한 물티슈를 사용해야 한다고 사료된다. 또한 위생관리 감독 강화와 개선방안 및 개인 위생관리 및 국민보건 수준향상에 기여하고자 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.704-715
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• 2006

Oil spill was found in 1999 from a diesel storage facility located near the top of Baekun Mountain in Uiwang City. Application of bioremediation techniques was very relevant in removing oil spills in this site, because the geological condition was not amenable for other onsite remediation techniques. For efficient bioremediation, bacterial communities of the contaminated site and the uncontaminated control site were compared using both molecular and cultivation techniques. Soil bacterial populations were observed to be stimulated to grow in the soils contaminated with diesel hydrocarbon, whereas fungal and actinomycetes populations were decreased by diesel contamination. Most of the dieseldegrading bacteria isolated from contaminated forest soils were strains of Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Rhodococcus species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed that the profiles were different among the three contaminated sites, whereas those of the control sites were identical to each other. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of dominant isolates and clones showed that the bacterial community was less diverse in the oil-contaminated site than at the control site. Sequence analysis of the alkane hydroxylase genes cloned from soil microbial DNAs indicated that their diversity and distribution were different between the contaminated site and the control site. The results indicated that diesel contamination exerted a strong selection on the indigenous microbial community in the contaminated site, leading to predominance of well-adapted microorganisms in concurrence with decrease of microbial diversity.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 배양된 액체종균의 세균 오염 여부를 Giemsa 용액의 단일 염색으로 짧은 시간 안에 정확하게 판정이 가능한지를 조사하였다. Giemsa 용액은 혈액 골수 림프절 말라리아 원충 리케차 세포 등을 염색하는 것으로, 염기성 색소인 methylene azul과 methylene blue, 그리고 산성색소인 eosine을 methyl alcohol-glycerine에 녹여서 제조하였다. 그리고 팽이 액체종균의 폭기 배양액 분취하여 슬라이드에 올리고 Gimesa 용액으로 염색한 후 광학 현미경으로 검사하였다. 이 결과 40~60초 동안의 세균세포를 (팽나무)버섯(류) 균사세포의 부스러기나 잔존 대두박 등과 구별할 수 있었다. 이 Gimesa 용액을 이용한 염색 및 검경방법은 빠르고 간편하며 정확하므로 액체종균을 사용하는 버섯재배 농가에서도 세균 오염을 효과적으로 동정(감지)하는데 이용할 수 있다고 생각한다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 시력교정용 안경에서 범용 적으로 활용되고 있는 세척방법에 따른 오염 균의 제균 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 실험대상 82명의 안경으로부터 세척 전후에 대한 각각의 세균을 채취하여 제균 여부를 확인하였다. 결과: 수돗물을 이용하여 초음파세척을 실시한 결과 세균 종의 수에 대한 변화가 없었으며 70% 소독용 알코올을 이용하여 초음파세척을 실시하였을 때는 46.2%의 제균 효과가 나타났으며 일반 세제를 이용하여 솔 세척 후 70% 알코올을 이용한 초음파세척을 실시한 결과 85.7%의 제균 효과가 나타났다. 결론: 시력교정용 안경에 존재하는 기회감염성 세균들은 세제를 이용하여 솔질 세척이 더욱 효과적이었는데 이것은 렌즈와 림의 틈새 등 접합부위 등에 세균들이 세제와 솔에 의해 제거 된 것으로 차후 청결한 안경의 관리를 위하여 안경의 정기적 분해 세척이 요구됨과 동시에 안경세척관리에 대한 가이드라인이 구축되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호
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• 제18권5호통권103호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1979

This study was intended to provide fundamental data for some help of effective nursery management and for the prevention of hospital infection of infants by testing the contamination level of nursery room. The nursery room of the E. University Hospital wa

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2011

Objectives: There has been a great amount of controversy in the food industry over the effectiveness of using gloves. The objectives of this study were to examine the microbial contamination of food handlers' hands and determine if using gloves could ensure safe handling of foods. Methods: Samples were collected through the glove-juice method from the bare and gloved hands of food handlers at work and were analyzed for the presence of aerobic plate counts, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological testing was conducted according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: Microbial contamination was consistently higher with bare hands than with gloved hands, although the microbial loads on both hands increased over time. Under certain conditions, there were significant differences between the bacterial loads on bare and on gloved hands (p<0.05). E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. were still alive on both bare and gloved hands at the time the food handlers finished their work. Conclusions: Wearing gloves was associated with a marked reduction of bacterial contamination of the hands. However, the practice of continuously wearing gloves during food handling increases the potential for cross-contamination of bacteria. The findings of this study emphasize the need for a rational use of gloves, and strict adherence to hand hygiene compliance among food handlers.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2022

We investigated the virulence genes, O-serotypes, antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic E. coli isolated from carcasses (n=455) and environmental (n=372) samples of 11 cattle and 12 pig slaughterhouses from December 2020 to December 2021. E. coli were isolated from nine carcasses (2.0%), three slaughter facilities (1.4%), two utensils (2.7%) and three abattoir workers (3.5%) from four cattle and four pig slaughterhouses. Among all isolates, 13 STEC (76.5%) were identified, followed by four EPEC (23.5%). As a result of the antibiotic susceptibility test, all isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, of which 70.6% isolates showed multidrug resistance patterns. The serotypes were diverse in pigs compared to cattle, with serotypes O18, O66, O109 in cattle and O9, O76, O85, O100, O153, and O159 in pigs. In a single cattle slaughterhouse, eight STEC O66 were isolated from various types of sample (4 slaughter animal surfaces, 3 gloves, and 1 knife) with two antimicrobial resistance patterns (CHL-FIS-STR and CHL-FIS). Those two types of strain were suspected cross-contamination from utensils to slaughter animal surfaces. These results showed that pathogenic E. coli were detected in carcasses and various environmental samples in cattle and pig slaughterhouses. Nationwide monitoring and hygiene management are required to prevent cross-contamination of STEC isolate slaughterhouses.