• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2009

Objective : Phyllostachyos Folium (PF) has been used to treat patients with febrile disease consuming the body fluids marked by fever with restlessness, thirst etc. In the theory of herbology, PF can clear away heat and promote the production of the body fluids, relieve restlessness. Recently PF is known to have anti-bacterial, anti-oxidantic effects. Methods : The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of PF on solid tumor in mice in terms of immune-potentiating and direct cytotoxic action of PF in vitro and vivo study. The present author investigated thymocyte and splenocyte proliferation to confirm immune-potentiating activity of PF and also investigated tumor/body weight ratio and survival rates in tumor bearing mice. Result : In this study, administration of PF decreased tumor/body weight ratio significantly, and prolonged survival duration compared to non-treated control. In addition, treatment with PF suppressed proliferation rate of Sarcoma 180 (S-180) cells significantly, and elevated proliferation rates of thymocytes isolated from normal mice. These results were co-related with in vivo study. Conclusion : In conclusion, these results suggest that PF is useful to treat patient with solid tumor, because PF has direct toxic action for tumor cell and immune -potentiating action for T cells. Further study will need to elucidate exact mechanisms related in anti-cancer action of PF.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.580-585
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine cow characteristics and farm management factors during the dry period associated with early postparturient intramammary infection (IMI) and subsequent clinical mastitis (CM). Data were collected three times: before drying off (P1), during the dry period (P2), and 5 to 14 days after calving (P3), using questionnaires and farm investigation. Milk samples were aseptically collected for bacterial identification at P1 and P3. Factors associated with IMI and CM were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. The final model showed that IMI in early postpartum was significantly associated with full insertion of dry cow antibiotic, dry cows in barns with a combination of tie and free stalls, body condition score (BCS) in dry period and after calving, and milk yield before drying off. For IMI cows, factors significantly associated with clinical expression of mastitis were having daily barn cleaning, teat disinfected with alcohol before administration of dry cow therapy, BCS before drying off, milk yield before drying off, and days in milk at drying off. In conclusion, both cow and farm management factors are associated with the IMI rate and subsequent expression of clinical signs of mastitis in early postpartum cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 2006

During lactic acid bacteria (LAB) transit through the gastrointestinal tract, ingested microorganisms were exposed to successive stress factors, including low pH in the human stomach and in bile acid. These stress factors can be used as criteria for the selection of a viable probiotic strain. Four such strains (Lactobacillus helveticus SGU 0011, Lactobacillus pentosus SGU 0010, Streptococcus thermophilus SGU 0021 and Lactobacillus casei SGU 0020) were isolated from raw milk. When the identified LAB were exposed to synthetic gastric juice, whereas L. casei SGU 0020 and S. thermophilus SGU 0021 exhibited a 0% survival rate, L. helveticus SGU 0011 and L. pentosus SGU 0010 exhibited 60% and 95% survival rates. L. casei SGU 0020 and S. thermophilus SGU 0021 could not be examined with regard to their tolerances to artificial bile juice, as they uniformly died upon exposure. However, L. helveticus SGU 0011 and L. pentosus SGU 0010 individually survived at rates of 39% and 93%. Also, all four of these strains were confirmed to be tolerant of ten different antibiotics.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.577-587
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• 2011

In this study, lotus leaf was added to a Takju (Korean milky rice wine) preparation to evaluate its effects on physicochemical and fermentation properties. For rapid saccharification Takju was stored at 25$^{\circ}C$ for 2 days and then temperature was switched to 18$^{\circ}C$ to mature the wine for 21 days. From the start of fermentation to 2-days, the pH of Takju decreased rapidly and acidity increased. Maltose, a byproduct of starch saccharification, increased for 2 days then rapidly decreased. Glucose fluctuated for 7 days and of the 21-days fermentation. The ethanol production rate was highest during the first 7 days, then slowed. Total viable yeast and lactic acid bacterial counts increased rapidly for 2 days and then decreased gradually thereafter. Leuconostoc spp. grew rapidly for 1 day and sharply disappeared with decreasing pH. DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly higher for Takju prepared with lotus leaf than without. The overall acceptance of Takju tended to increase when it was prepared with lotus leaf.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.194-204
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• 2020

The detrimental impact of air pollution as a result of frequent exposure to fine particles posed a global public health risk mainly to the pulmonary disorders in pediatric and geriatric population. Here, we reviewed the current literature regarding the role of ginseng and/or its components as antimicrobials, especially against pathogens that cause respiratory infections in animal and in vitro models. Some of the possible mechanisms for ginseng-mediated viral inhibition suggested are improvements in systemic and mucosa-specific antibody responses, serum hemagglutinin inhibition, lymphocyte proliferation, cell survival rate, and viral clearance in the lungs. In addition, ginseng reduces the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8) and chemokines produced by airway epithelial cells and macrophages, thus preventing weight loss. In case of bacterial infections, ginseng acts by alleviating inflammatory cytokine production, increasing survival rates, and activating phagocytes and natural killer cells. In addition, ginseng inhibits biofilm formation and induces the dispersion and dissolution of mature biofilms. Most clinical trials revealed that ginseng, at various dosages, is a safe and effective method of seasonal prophylaxis, relieving the symptoms and reducing the risk and duration of colds and flu. Taken together, these findings support the efficacy of ginseng as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for respiratory infections.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2020

The objective of the study was to assess the survival of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014 produced using the emulsion technique in alginate gel combined with pectin and maltodextrin components. The microcapsules were then added to cupcake dough that was further baked at 200℃ for 12 min. The viability of L. plantarum was assessed during baking and the 10 days of storage at 4℃ as well as in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. In addition, yeast-mold and water activity were investigated. After baking, the samples with microencapsulated L. plantarum contained more than 5 log CFU/g, which was higher compared to the bacterial concentration of the control samples. The concentration of L. plantarum was more than 6 logs CFU/g after the end of the storage; therefore, the probiotic functioned as a biopreservative in the cake. The prebiotic component strengthened the microcapsules network and helped protect the viability of L. plantarum in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) media. The results show that the addition of L. plantarum microencapsules did not affect the sensory scores of the cupcake while ensuring the viability of the probiotic during baking and storing.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1671-1680
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• 2023

The gluten protein content in whole-wheat flour is low, which affects the elasticity and viscosity of the dough. Enzymatic modification of the protein may result in a network that mimics gluten, which plays an important role in the processing of whole-wheat foods. In this study, the effects of Halomonas alkaliantartica laccase (LacHa) on the quality parameters of whole-wheat bread were investigated. The optimum dosage of LacHa was 4 U/100 g of whole-wheat flour. At this dosage, whole-wheat bread exhibited the best specific volume and optimum texture parameters. Laccase also extended the storage duration of whole-wheat bread. We analyzed the micro-structure of the dough to determine its gluten-free protein extractable rate and free sulfhydryl group content, and verify that LacHa mediates cross-linking of gluten-free proteins. The results demonstrated that the cross-linking of gluten-free protein by LacHa improves the texture of whole-wheat bread. As a flour improver, LacHa has great developmental and application potential in baked-food production.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2003

This was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of laser on the growth of S. mutans. The bacterial pallets containing S. mutans KCTC 3065 were irradiated with Er:YAG laser and Nd :YAG laser by non-contact method at an intensity of 50mJ for 5 sec with the pulse repetition rates of 10Hz and 30Hz, respectively. The following results were obtained on colony count, acid producing ability, and the amount of insoluble extracellular polysaccharide synthesis. 1. The irradiation of Nd:YAG laser after photosensitization with Chinese ink inhibited the proliferation of S. mutans the most, and the irradiation of Er:YAG also inhibited the proliferation. However, the irradiation of Nd:YAG laser alone could not inhibited the proliferation of S. mutans. The pulse repetition rate did not affect significantly on the proliferation of bacteria in overall. 2. The irradiation of Nd:YAG laser after the photosensitization with Chinese ink inhibited the acid production of S. mutans the most for a certain period of time. Er:YAG laser also inhibited acid production. When Nd:YAG laser was used alone, the acid production of S. mutans was not been inhibited. The irradiation of Nd:YAG laser after photosensitization with Chinese ink inhibited the acid production ability of bacteria the most as the pulse repetition rate increased. 3. Laser irradiation did not inhibited the synthesis of insoluble extracellular polysaccharide of S. mutans. From these results, we conclude that the irradiation of Er:YAG laser and Nd:YAG laser after photosensitization with Chinese ink would inhibit the proliferation and acid production by S. mutans, which may prevent dental caries. However, this effect does not last long time so that the laser irradiation should be repeated frequently in order to obtain clinical effect; thus, this laser irradiation would not have a clinical usefulness in preventing dental caries when used solely.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.325-333
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• 2007

One bacterium with high proteinase production and spore-forming ability was isolated from korean traditional soybean paste(doenjang). The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis, based on gram-staining, biochemical properties and l6S rRNA gene sequencing, and designated as B. subtilis DJI. Its growth rate was very fast, and it reached its stationary phase within 9 h, and then started to form spores. Bacterial-koji and doenjang were prepared using B. subtilis DJI. Chemical components of the doenjang were determined after 2 months of aging period: amino nitrogen 507 mg%, crude protein 14.3%, crude fat 4.8% and water 54.9%. The composition of total and free amino acids and their ratios of doenjang were changed during the aging period. Among total amino acids in DJI doenjang, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and arginine were the major amino acids. The fibrinolytic activities of DJI doenjang and traditional doenjangs were 909.7 units/ml and $363.3{\sim}618.6\;units/ml$, respectively. Flavor compounds of DJI doenjang and traditional doenjang were extracted by SDE(simultaneous steam distillation and extraction), and analyzed by GC/MS; DJI doenjang possessed the typically favorable flavor compounds in traditional korean doenjang, with reduced off-flavor compounds.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2020

Red pepper, one of the major economic crops in Korea, is being affected by anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. To control this disease, an antagonistic bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis YGB36 identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, physiological and biochemical analyses is used as a biological control agent. In vitro screening revealed that the strain YGB36 possess strong antifungal activity against the pathogen Cylindrocarpon destructans. The strain exhibited cellulase, protease, amylase, siderophore production and phosphate solubility. In vitro conidial germination of C. acutatum was most drastically inhibited by YGB36 cell suspensions (10⁶ cfu/ml) or culture filtrate. Development of anthracnose symptoms was reduced on detached immature green pepper fruits by treatment with cell suspensions, and its control value was recorded as 65.7%. The YGB36 bacterial suspension treatment enhanced the germination rate of red pepper seeds and promoted root development and growth under greenhouse conditions. The in vitro screening of fungicide and insecticide sensitivity test against YGB36 revealed that the bacterial growth was not affected by any of the insecticides, and 11 fungicides out of 21 used. Collectively, our results clearly suggest that the strain YGB36 is considered as one of the potential biocontrol agents against anthracnose disease in red pepper.