• Title/Summary/Keyword: Back-wall

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Comparison of Nail Tensile Force by Feed Back Analysis rind Measurements (현장계측과 역해석에 의한 네일의 인장력 비교 연구)

  • Jeon, Seong-Kon
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 2002
  • Soil nailing type of retaining structures has been widely used in Korea far the purpose of the temporary and permanent support in excavations and slope stability. The important factors in application of soil nailing systems in urban excavation site nearby the existing structures are the displacement of the wall and tensile farce of the nails, etc. In this paper, the fled back analyses are carried out at 11 excavation sites to investigate the behavior of tensile farce of nails at stepwise excavation in the multi-layered strata including various rock layers. The results of the fled back analysis are less than about 50% of the measured ones. The distance of active zone by measurements are shown almost larger than that of fled back analysis when the distance of active Bone is defined from the surface of wall to the potential failure surface. And the results of fled back analysis are within the range proposed by the project CLOUTERRE and Cartier & Gigan (1983) which were 0.3$H_f$, and 0.5$H_f$, of the final excavation depth ($H_f$,) respectively, but the values of the measurement were larger than these values.

The Behavior of Earth Retaining Walls Applied to Top-Down Construction Method Using Back Analysis (Top-Down 공법이 적용된 흙막이벽의 역해석을 이용한 거동분석)

  • Hong, Won-Pyo;Kang, Chul-Joong;Yun, Jung-Mann
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.39-48
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    • 2012
  • The behaviors of a diaphragm wall and a contiguous pile wall such as CIP(Case-in-place pile) and SCW(Soil-cement wall), applied to the top-down construction method, were analyzed using the SUNEX program, which is widely used to design earth retaining walls. Four types of earth pressures, as described by Rankine (1857), Terzaghi and Peck (1967), Tchbotarioff (1973), and Hong and Yun (1995a), were applied to the analysis program to predict the lateral displacement of walls. The results show that the displacements of an earth retaining walls vary with the applied earth pressure. The predicted lateral displacement based on Hong & Yun's (1995a) earth pressure is similar to the measured displacement. Therefore, the actual lateral displacement of an earth retaining wall, as applied to top-down construction method, can be accurately predicted by using an analysis program considering Hong and Yun's (1995a) earth pressure.

An Experimental Study on Recharge Well Technology for Prevention of Ground Collapse (지반함몰 방지를 위한 지하수 재주입 실험적 연구)

  • Shin, Eunchul;Park, Chunsung
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2017
  • It is a method of suppressing back ground subsidence by re-injecting groundwater back to the target ground and recovering the underground water level. In order to analyze the subsidence of the back ground due to maintaining the underground water level, indoor model experiments were conducted. Through this study, the factors influencing on the groundwater and the tendency of subsidence back ground by experiments were analyzed and the effect of ground subsidence by reinfusion of groundwater was also investigated. As a result of the subsidence analysis with considering only the influence of the underground water level, the settlement of the ground occurs as the underground water level at the time of ground excavation goes down. The closer to the back of the retaining wall, the maximum settlement occurred. Moreover, it was analyzed that the influence distance where subsidence occurs from retaining wall to the point of about 1.8 H on the basis of the ground collapse. The most effective location of water reinjection is the closet location to the back of braced-cut wall for reducing the groundwater down and also minimizing the ground settlement.

Effect of Posterior-Anterior Mobilization of the Thoracic Spine on Pain, Respiratory Function, and Thoracic Circumference in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

  • Park, Ju-jung;Chon, Seung-chul
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2018
  • Background: Posterior-anterior (PA) vertebral mobilization, a manual therapy technique has been used for relieving pain or stiffness treating in spinal segment for in clinical practice, however evidence to gauge efficacy is yet to be synthesised. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of PA mobilization of the thoracic spine on the respiratory function in patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods: The study participants included 30 patients with chronic LBP. They were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. The experimental and control groups received PA mobilization of the T1-T8 level of the thoracic spine and placebo mobilization, respectively. All patients received interventions for 35 minutes a day, five times a week, over 2-week period, respectively. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow 25~75% ($FEF_{25{\sim}75%}$), and chest wall expansion were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and two-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between respiratory function and chest measurement. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in FVC, $FEV_1$, PEF, $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}$ (p<.05), and chest wall expansion (p<.05) compared with the control group. Conclusion: PA mobilization of the upper thoracic spine may be beneficial for improving respiratory function parameters including FVC, $FEV_1$, PEF, $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}$, and chest wall expansion in patients with chronic LBP.

A Study on Cause Analysis and Countermeasures of Chloride Attack of Reinforced Earth Retaining Walls Installed on Bridge Abutment (염해로 인한 교대부 보강토옹벽 손상 원인 분석 연구)

  • Do, Jong-Nam;Kim, Nag-Young;Cho, Nam-Hun;You, Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.19 no.12
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    • pp.59-64
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    • 2018
  • The damages to the reinforced earth retaining wall are divided into the front wall, foundation, drainage and upper slope. Damage of reinforced earth retaining wall is mainly caused by damage caused by drainage problem in the field. Recently, damage caused by snow removal materials have been occurred. Recently, the amount of snow removal materials used in winter is increasing due to abnormal weather. This chlorides degrades the concrete structure, where the reinforced earth retaining wall was no exception. There has recently been a case in which the front wall of the reinforced earth retaining wall deteriorates due to the chlorides introduced into the back filling portion through the drainage passage. Therefore, in this study, the cause of damages of reinforced earth retaining wall constructed in bridge abutment was analyzed, and an analytical study was conducted on the countermeasure. As a result, it was found that chlorides, which was introduced through the drainage system in the expansion joint of the bridge shift part or the upper structure, is infiltrated into the back part of the reinforced earth retaining wall and damaged. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the drainage system and restored the stiffness of the front wall.

Hygroscopic Properties of Light-Frame Wall with Different Assemblies

  • Kim, Se-Jong;Park, Chun-Young;Lee, Jun-Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.22-29
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    • 2006
  • On purpose to reduce accumulated moisture and to prevent moisture condensation in a light-frame wall, thermal characteristics and moisture behaviors were investigated for four different wall assemblies; a) typical wall, b) addition of vapor retarder between the insulation and the gypsum board, c) addition of air gap for natural ventilation behind the siding, d) composition with b) and c). Each wall was tested under two climate conditions; 1) $20^{\circ}C$, 50% RH (indoor) and $30^{\circ}C$, 85% RH (outdoor), 2) $30^{\circ}C$, 85% RH (indoor) and $20^{\circ}C$, 50% RH (outdoor).The results showed that the typical wall assembly had poor resistance against moisture intrusion from the inside of building. Outdoor and indoor humidity caused the moisture condensations on the inside of the siding and the back surface of the sheathing respectively. The addition of a vapor retarder did not give significant improvement in preventing the moisture intrusion.

Investigation of Tieback wall Behavior based on Generated Mass Movement (Mass Movement가 타이백 앵커 벽체의 거동에 미치는 영향평가)

  • 임유진
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.83-92
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    • 2000
  • 벽체의 수평변위 중 토체의 침하 및 앵커체 자체의 움직임 등으로 인해 발생하는 mass movement가 타이백 앵커토류벽의 거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시공사례에 대한 유한요소 해석을 실시하여 벽체의 변위, 겉보기토압, mass movement 및 앵커 자유장 내에서의 하중 변화를 투적하였다. 유한요소해석법을 이용해 mass movement를 계산, 예측할 수 있었으며, 시공 순서에 따흔 앵커 자유장 내의 하중변화를 예측할수 있었다. 현장계측결과와 유한요소해석결과로부터 벽체변위, 겉보기토압 및 앵커의 하중 변화에 미치는 mass movement의 영향이 매우 큼을 확인 할 수 있었다.

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An Analytical Model for Deriving the 3-D Potentials and the Front and Back Gate Threshold Voltages of a Mesa-Isolated Small Geometry Fully Depleted SOI MOSFET

  • Lee, Jae Bin;Suh, Chung Ha
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.473-481
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    • 2012
  • For a mesa-isolated small geometry SOI MOSFET, the potentials in the silicon film, front, back, and side-wall oxide layers can be derived three-dimensionally. Using Taylor's series expansions of the trigonometric functions, the derived potentials are written in terms of the natural length that can be determined by using the derived formula. From the derived 3-D potentials, the minimum values of the front and the back surface potentials are derived and used to obtain the closed-form expressions for the front and back gate threshold voltages as functions of various device parameters and applied bias voltages. Obtained results can be found to explain the drain-induced threshold voltage roll-off and the narrow width effect of a fully depleted small geometry SOI MOSFET in a unified manner.

A Study on the Behavior of the Free Space Scatter dose in X-ray Diagnostic Room (X선촬영실 내에서의 공간산란선량 변동에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Hyun-Joo;Kim, Sung-Soo;Kim, Young-Il;Lim, Han-Young;Kim, Heung-Tae;Lee, Who-Min;Kim, Hak-Sung;Lee, Sang-Suk
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 1994
  • In this pauper, when the X-ray exposure condition is 70, 90, 110 kV, 10 mAs, FFD 180 cm, FSO $10{\times}10$, $35{\times}35\;cm$, toward the $36{\times}36{\times}15\;cm$ acryl phantom, the free space scatter dose rate at the 15th points in X-ray diagnostic room was measured by electrometer and 1800 co ionization chamber. Therefore, the free space scatter dose distribution profile was drown, and then, the free space scatter dose contribution percentage was Investigated. The obtained results are summarized as following. 1. The X-ray tube leakage dose rate of the experiment generator at the 1 m from focus was measured maximum 85 mR/hr, minimum 20 mR/hr, therefore, this values was appeared below the KS rules, 2. The free space scatter dose become to larger at the primary X-ray beam around area, and lower at the back ward X-ray tube. The maximum values were 3,812 mR/hr at the front Lt 1 m $45^{\circ}$ point, minimum 117 mR/hr at the back ward 1 m $180^{\circ}C$ point. 3. As the more tube voltage and field size increase, the more free space scatter dose contribution percentage become to increase, as to 90 kV from 70 kV, increase to 12 %, to 110 kV from 90 kV, increase to 18 %, and then, become to 11 % at the $10{\times}10\;cm$ and 87 % at the $35{\times}35\;cm$. 4. The 89 % of the total producted scatter ray occured from acryl phantom, at the X-ray tube housing 6 %, at the front side back wall 5 %. 5. The free space scatter dose contribution percentage at the one point build up 80 % from the phanton direction, 14 % from the X-ray tube and collimator direction, 2.2 % from the front wall, 1.8 % from the side wall, 1.7 % the back wall.

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Investigation of the Conjugate Heat Transfer and Wall Thermal Boundary Conditions (복합열전달과 열경계조건에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, Byong Hoon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 1999
  • The effects of wan thermal boundary condition were investigated for a uniform wall temperature, a uniform wall heat flux, and for coupled heat conduction In the channel wall with transverse rectangular ribs. Numerical investigations for steady laminar flow show behavior similar to that observed experimentally in the separated flow region for flow over a cylinder. Conjugate heat transfer with a low solid-fluid thermal conductivity ratio does not lead to the same results as for the uniform heat flux boundary condition, and heat transfer reversal is found on the back sides of the ribs.