• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

The nitrate concentrations in PM$_{2.5}$ and TSP measured at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea, between March 1998 and February 2002, are discussed. Especially, the characteristics of high nitrate concentration days were analyzed. High nitrate concentration cases in PM$_{2.5}$ were highly correlated with anthropogenic species such as NH$_4$$^{[-10]}$ , and high nitrate concentration cases in TSP were highly correlated with crustal species such as nss-Ca$^{2+}$ and nss -Mg$^{2+}$ Backward trajectory analysis results show the cases of high correlation between nitrate and anthropogenic species occurred when the air parcels moved from China, and the cases of high correlation between nitrate and crustal species occurred when the air parcels moved from Mongolia. Also, high nitrate concentration cases occurred most often in spring (65%) when the air parcels moved from Mongolia and China.ina.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 1998년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.384-387
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• 1998

This paper presents a newly developed speed sensorless drive using RLS(Recursive Least Squares) based on Neural Network Training Algorithm. The proposed algorithm based on the RLS has just the time-varying learning rate, while the well-known back-propagation (or generalized delta rule) algorithm based on gradient descent has a constant learning rate. The number of iterations required by the new algorithm to converge is less than that of the back-propagation algorithm. The RLS based on NN is used to adjust the motor speed so that the neural model output follows the desired trajectory. This mechanism forces the estimated speed to follow precisely the actual motor speed. In this paper, a flux estimation strategy using filter concept is discussed. The theoretical analysis and experimental results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed analysis and the proposed control strategy are described.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.472-481
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• 2015

Black carbon (BC) aerosols were monitored at the KIST site ($37.603^{\circ}N$, $127.046^{\circ}E$) and Cheonan-KOREATECH site ($36.766^{\circ}N$, $127.281^{\circ}E$) during the pre KORea-US Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) campaign using a couple of Muliti Angle Absorption Photometers (MAAP). BC mass concentrations were presented as $2.14{\pm}1.06{\mu}g/m^3$ and $0.94{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/m^3$ at KIST site (Seoul) and KOREATECH site (Cheonan), respectively. BC mass concentrations measured at KIST and KOREATECH sites from 22:00 on May 22 to 12:00 on May 23, 2015 showed 80% and 72% higher than average BC mass concentrations measured during campaign period, respectively. It indicates both sites could be influenced by a remote source. Similar patterns of BC concentrations between two sites from 20:00 to 24:00 on June 6, 2015 implies that the BC could be transported into both sites and then be stagnant inside the Korean Peninsula. Diurnal variation of BC in weekdays and weekends were also presented for the KIST and KOREATECH sites. Morning rush hour peak was observed at KIST site located in metropolitan area though no distinct morning rush hour peak was not observed at KOREATECH site located in a suburban area. This study revealed transport pathways of BC near the Korean Peninsula using back-trajectory analysis of BC measured both in a metropolitan area and in a suburban area.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2022

The concentrations of radon in the atmosphere were measured at the Gosan site of Jeju Island during 2017-2018, in order to investigate the time-series variation characteristics and the dependency of airflow transport pathways. The mean ²²²Rn concentration was 2,480 mBq m^-3, and its monthly concentration in November was 3,262 mBq m^-3, more than twice as that in July (1,459 mBq m^-3). The diurnal radon concentrations increased throughout the nighttime to the maximum (2,862 mBq m^-3) at around 7 a.m., then gradually decreased throughout the daytime by the minimum (1,997 mBq m^-3) at around 3 p.m. The seasonal and monthly variations of CO, NO₂, O₃ showed a roughly similar pattern to that of radon for the same period, as high in winter and low in summer. The cluster back trajectory analysis described that about 60 % of overall airflow pathways was influenced by the airflow from China. The concentrations of radon and gaseous pollutants were relatively high as the airflow was influenced by China continent, but comparatively much lower as influenced by the northern Pacific Ocean.

• 대기
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.199-214
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• 2021

A record-breaking high surface air temperature of 41.0℃ was observed on 1 August 2018 at Hongcheon, South Korea. In this study, to quantitatively determine the formation mechanism of this extremely high surface air temperature, particularly considering the contributions of the foehn and the foehnlike wind, observational data from Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were utilized. In the backward trajectory analysis, trajectories of 100 air parcels were released from the surface over Hongcheon at 1600 LST on 1 August 2018. Among them, the 47 trajectories (38 trajectories) are tracked back above (below) heights of 1.4 km above mean sea level at 0900 LST 31 July 2018 and are defined as upper (lower) routes. Lagrangian energy budget analysis shows that for the upper routes, adiabatic heating (11.886 × 10³ J kg^-1) accounts for about 77% of the increase in the thermal energy transfer to the air parcels, while the rest (23%) is diabatic heating (3.650 × 10³ J kg^-1). On the other hand, for the lower routes, adiabatic heating (6.111 × 10³ J kg^-1) accounts for about 49% of the increase, the rest (51%) being diabatic heating (6.295 × 10³ J kg^-1). Even though the contribution of the diabatic heating to the increase in the air temperature rather varies according to the routes, the contribution of the diabatic heating should be considered. The diabatic heating is caused by direct heating associated with surface sensible heat flux and heating associated with the turbulent mixing. This mechanism is the Type 4 foehn described in Takane and Kusaka (2011). It is concluded that Type 4 foehn wind occurs and plays an important role in the extreme event on 1 August 2018.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to explore nursing students' experiences of observing surgeries in the operating room. Methods: The data were collected through written scripts of nursing students who participated in the operating room practice. Data were analyzed via qualitative content analysis. Results: Five themes emerged from the data: 'preparing with the thrilled hearts toward unknown area', 'drawing back in front of the mirror of realities', 'becoming an audience at a lifesaving orchestra', 'reaching a tipping point of knowing', and 'redrawing the trajectory of dream to be a nurse'. Conclusion: This study will prove helpful in describing their needs for systemic and emotional support. Findings indicated that major contributions of surgical observations to nursing students are more integrated understandings of nursing and the determinations of their career preferences.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.125-130
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• 1997

In this paper, it is presents a new approach to the design of neural control system using digital signal processors in order to improve the precision and robustness. Robotic manipulators have become increasingly important in the field of flexible automation. High speed and high-precision trajectory tracking are indispensable capabilities for their versatile application. The need to meet demanding control requirement in increasingly complex dynamical control systems under significant uncertainties, leads toward design of intelligent manipulation robots. The TMS320C3x is used in implementing real time neural control to provide an enhanced motion control for robotic manipulators. In this control scheme, the networks introduced are neural nets with dynamic neurons, whose dynamics are distributed over all the network nodes. The nets are trained by the distributed dynamic back propagation algorithm. The proposed neural network control scheme is simple in structure, fast in computation, andsuitable for implementation of robust control.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

전국 규모의 경기에서 우승한 선수들을 포함한 남자대학 선수 8명을 대상으로 했다. 피험자의 4명은 펜홀더 그립, 4명은 세이크핸드 그립의 라켓을 사용하며 모두 오른손을 사용했다. 탁구의 포핸드 드라이브와 스매시의 라켓스윙동작과 관련된 각도성분, 스윙궤도, 스윙자세 등의 3차원 각운동 특성을 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 라켓각(p<.05)과 라켓의 스윙각(p<.01)에서 두 동작 간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 스매시는 백스윙 자세에서 이미 라켓을 세워 라켓각을 크게 유지했으며, 라켓의 스윙각을 작게 해서 볼 스피드에 비중을 두는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 백스윙 자세에서 라켓헤드의 높이도 두 동작 간 큰 차이가 나타났다. 임팩트 순간 phg에서 두 동작 간 라켓 장축의 열림각의 차이가 크게 나타난 것을 보면, 볼에 순회전의 스핀을 넣기 위해서 약간 뒤에서 임팩트가 이루어진 것을 알 수 있었다. 백스윙 자세에서 상체의 기울기는 드라이브 동작에서 phg보다 shg에서 상체를 조금 더 구부리는 것은 중립 자세에서 라켓 그립의 구조적 차이로 인한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyse the differences in core stability and muscle balance of the pilates Teaser motion according to the surfaces and skills. Methods : There were 10 subjects in this study with 5 being skilled and 5 that were not skilled. The independent variables were surfaces (high elastic & aluminum) and skills (skilled & unskilled). Dependent variables were core stability and muscle balance. Core stability was measured by Force Platform (9872, Switzerland), 3D Imagery (IBS-2000, EXYMA) was used to understand the muscle balance. In order to do the Teaser movement subjects had to lay flat on their back and then lean forward as much as possible and hold the position for 10 seconds. Afterwards, they would lay back down again. A camera (MHS-PM5K, SONY) was used to make 4 phases (take off, recoil forward, holding, recoil backward) during the teaser exercise to analyze movement. In this study quantitative and qualitative analysis was used. For the statistical analysis, 2X2 ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in movement time, X,Y,Z maximum force, center of pressure and angles according to different phases. 2X3 ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in muscle balance via SPSS 18.0. Results : Soft. Elastic mat had a longer holding time, lower Fx/ Fy/ Fz, shorter Fx trajectory, larger angle and shorter gaps in muscle balance than a hard surface in skilled subjects. This was because the mat can help to recruit and then sustain core fine muscles during holding time in the Teaser movement.

• 분석과학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

제주도 고산지역에서 라돈($^{222}Rn$)을 실시간 모니터링하여 대기 중의 배경농도 수준을 확인하였다. 고산지역의 라돈 농도는 평균 2831 $mBq/m^3$ (0.077 pCi/L)로 우리나라 실내 평균농도보다는 19.5배 낮은 배경농도 수준을 나타내었다. 계절별로는 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울에 각각 2657, 2071, 3249, 3384 $mBq/m^3$ 농도를 보여 겨울에 높고 여름에 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 월별로는 10월에 가장 높고 7월에 가장 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 일간 농도는 오전 7시에 하루 중 가장 높은 농도를 보였고, 오후 2~3시경에 가장 낮은 농도를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 역궤적 분석 결과, 라돈 농도는 기류의 유입경로에 따라 차이를 보였고, 아시아대륙으로부터 제주도로 이동했을 때 농도가 높고 북태평양으로부터 기류가 유입될 때 훨씬 더 낮은 농도를 나타내었다.