• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.151-165
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• 2015

Objective: This study aims to develop and scientifically investigate the efficacy of the Spine S-curve Reactive Backrest that responds to the spine curvature of the user when seated, and maintains and enhances the natural S-curve of the lower back, thereby helping to relieve fatigue, correct posture and prevent spine deformities. Background: The focus of current development, design guidelines and/or standards for office chairs is mainly placed on the chair's dimensions, incline angle, adjusting features and lumbar support. Research and development was called for developing a chair backrest that maintains and improves the S-curve of the full spine. Method: The Spine S-curve Reactive Backrest was ergonomically designed to maintain correct posture and enhance user comfort. When leaned on, the backrest responds to the user's spine line and the whole lower back sits closely against the backrest, thereby aligning the user's lower back and backrest as one to maintain and improve the natural S-curve formation of the spine. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the newly designed chair (new design) and the comparison target (chair), five male college students of standard body type with normal spine curvature were selected as test subjects, and a motion analyzer and electromyography were utilized to measure S-curve and erector spinae muscle activity when seated. Results: The spine S-curve was better maintained and improved when sitting in the new design than in the comparison chair. Particularly notable was the greater displacement gap of the thoracic spine than the cervical spine, and also that of the lumbar more than the thoracic spine, with the increase of the backrest tilting angle. Furthermore, the electromyogram results showed the new design caused a lower fatigue level of the erector spinae muscles compared to the comparison chair, and also earned a higher preference in the subjective opinion results. Conclusion: The newly designed chair in this study responds to the user's spine curvature and maintains and enhances the lower back's natural S-curve, and thereby relieves fatigue, promotes better posture, and helps to prevent spine deformities better than existing office chairs. There is a need to widely introduce and supply this new design. Application: The new design is applicable to office and student chairs, and is expected to improve concentration and work efficiency.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.91-97
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• 1996

This study is to analyze trends of back injuries reported for medical expense compensation in a territorial jurisdiction of Pohang regional office of Ministry of Labor. Back unjuries claimed in the Plhang region accounted for approximately 15% of all industrial accident and 0.96 billion won were spent to compensate for medical expenses in 1994. A majority of back injuries occurred in manufacturing, construction, and transportation, and, 98% of all back injuries during 1992-1994 were strain/sprain, herniated inter-vertebral dise(HIVD), and fracture. To achieve and effective back injury prevention, supplenentary reporting form should be provided to include the information about job description (e.g., weight of an object, task duration and working posture), employee's medical and work history, and working conditions.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권A호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2005

A business process flow model for an intermediary type shopping mall consisting of multiple sellers has been presented in this study. Specifically, we defined 7 essential business processes of the shopping mall administrator and 6 processes of the administrator of a seller. We then performed detailed process flow models using IDEF3 (Integrated DEFinition). The characteristic of this study lies in providing a dynamic model rather than static models. The results may form a conceptual framework not only for shopping mall processes but for analysis and improvement toward extended electronic business systems.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.79-99
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• 2004

Cyber education system service is in the field of software service which is highlighted after the latter half of 1990'. But the progress of this service is impeded by the lack of back office which contributes to the evaluation of learning achievement and the management of learning progress. This article points out the problem of current back office which is the most important in the cyber education system, and focuses on the new intelligent learning achievement evaluation module. First, we define the cause and effect between the learning stages using by fuzzy implication which is the important part of fuzzy theory. Next, we suggest the model which generates the results of the learning achievement evaluation. This model, suggested by this article, may contribute to the development of the cyber education system by improving the current on-line education service.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

현재 우리 정부는 플랫폼 전자정부 도입을 서두르고 빅데이터와 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술과 시스템을 모색하여 궁극적으로는 공공기관 각각의 이종 대민서비스를 단일창구에서 맞춤형으로 제공하고자 한다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 창구의 프런트오피스 민원인의 다양한 서비스 제공요청에 대응해서 백오피스에서 단일한 방식으로 맞춤형 공공서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 먼저 백오피스 차원에서 공공데이터가 연동되어야하므로 각 행정기관이나 부처의 공공데이터를 기반으로 백오피스에서 통합차원에서 민원인에 대해서 단일한 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 별도의 응용프로그램으로서 앱과 데이터 단위에서 공유를 효율적으로 수행하는 이종서비스 상호 간의 정보시스템 통합이 가능한 새로운 메타데이터정보시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 시스템이 구현되면, 민원인의 프런트오피스 차원의 생활공간에 존재하는 서비스 수요사슬과 백오피스 차원의 공무원의 사무공간에서 이루어지는 서비스 공급사슬의 일원화를 통한 단일 창구에서의 연동이 유기적으로 되면서, 민원인에 대한 맞춤형 공공서비스 달성을 한발 앞당길 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 광원이 불필요하며 단일 광섬유를 통하여 양방향 전송이 가능한 BS(base station)용 광송 수신기 모듈을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방식에서는 BS의 송신단에서 Ring type으로 구성된 Mach-Zehnder 변조기의 양방향 변조를 이용하여 CO(central office)에서 제공된 광원을 변조하여 다시 CO로 전송한다. Ring 타입으로 구성된 변조기의 등가모델을 도출하였으며, 등가모델과 측정결과가 매우 잘 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Ring type에서 Mach-Zehnder 변조기의 광학적인 대칭이 RF 신호 전송 특성에 중요한 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

The goal of the present study is to develop the Human Interface Elements(HIE's) for evaluating the physical suitability of office chairs. HIE is generally defined as the physical characteristic of manufacturing goods, and it is closely related to the body dimension of a user and environment that it is used. In the present study the design elements of a chair were investigated, and from here, HIE's of office chair were developed based on relatedness of the design components, the physical characteristics of users, and characteristics of an environment that it used. As a result, components of a chair were classified as 6 major parts: Seat pan, back rest, arm rest, function control unit, seat supports and whole system. 43 HIE's were extracted from there 6 components. Also, the method for measuring HIE were developed.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2013년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.498-500
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• 2013

This paper presents a system design which allows monitoring and control of office electrical equipments and devices using senor network through the use of 3G network. The system uses SMS and Email protocols by smart phones to pass information and can be utilized in many scenarios and variety of parameters in which monitoring is desired. The combination of sensors, algorithms and web service are used to generate useful information efficiently and at low cost for the user connected to internet. The information passed is independent of the location of the office users and therefore effective information transfer is achieved from which users can monitor and perform necessary actions to the situations back in the office.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop an office chair enabling to keep working at reclined sitting posture. Background: Sedentary workers are supposed to change the posture frequently during long hours of sitting. A reclined sitting position has been recommended to reduce disc pressure. But slumped sitting posture caused by the buttock sliding forward without any adjustment of back reclining is commonly observed. The worker seems to have tendency to change the sitting posture maintaining working condition. We assumed the reason to be their hands movement away from the working space when tilting backward. Method: Slide mechanism allowing seat to move forward was designed to maintain the hand position in working space during reclining. A prototype was manufactured and tilting motion was analyzed using motion capture system. Four experiment chairs were tested including the manufactured prototype chair and three other commercial chairs. Results: A backward movements of the hand position were 13.0mm, 101.7mm, 156.1mm and 139.3mm at the prototype chair, compared to chair B, chair C and chair D, respectively. And the movement was remarkably small at the prototype chair. Conclusion: The developed seat sliding chair allows back tilting maintaining hand position at working space. We expect the user tilting back more often than normal tilting chair during seated work. But further investigation is required to figure out the effectiveness of the developed chair using prolonged working hours. Application: The developed office chair directly affects commercialization.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

Background: Prolonged sitting leads to low back discomfort and lumbopelvic muscle fatigue. This study examined the characteristics of body perceived discomfort and trunk muscle fatigue during 1 hour of sitting in three postures in office workers. Methods: Thirty workers sat for 1 hour in one of three sitting postures (i.e., upright, slumped, and forward leaning postures). Body discomfort was assessed using the Body Perceived Discomfort scale at the beginning and after 1 hour of sitting. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from superficial lumbar multifidus, iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis, internal oblique (IO)/transversus abdominis (TrA), and rectus abdominis muscles during 1 hour of sitting. The median frequency (MDF) of the EMG power spectrum was calculated. Results: Regardless of the sitting posture, the Body Perceived Discomfort scores in the neck, shoulder, upper back, low back, and buttock significantly increased after 1 hour of sitting compared with baseline values ($t_{(9)}=-11.97$ to -2.69, p < 0.05). The MDF value of the EMG signal of rectus abdominis, iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis, and multifidus muscles was unchanged over time in all three sitting postures. Only the right and left IO/TrA in the slumped sitting posture was significantly associated with decreased MDF over time (p = 0.019 to 0.041). Conclusion: Prolonged sitting led to increased body discomfort in the neck, shoulder, upper back, low back, and buttock. No sign of trunk muscle fatigue was detected over 1 hour of sitting in the upright and forward leaning postures. Prolonged slumped sitting may relate to IO/TrA muscle fatigue, which may compromise the stability of the spine, making it susceptible to injury.