• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2017

동해안의 특산 수산발효식품 중 가자미밥 식해, 오징어 젓갈, 지누아리 무침 등 총 3종의 수산발효식품에서 233개의 균을 분리하였다. 5종의 주요 식중독 균에 대한 항균활성을 측정한 결과 총 분리균 중 36개(15.5%)가 B. cereus ATCC 14579에 대해 항균활성을 나타내 가장 많은 분리균이 이 지시균을 저해하였다. 그 다음으로 S. aureus KCTC 1916, L. monocytogenes ATCC 15313 순으로 다수의 분리균이 항균활성을 나타냈다. 특히 오징어 젓갈에서 분리한 균주 중 각각 5개(6.0%), 3개(3.6%)가 그람음성 지시균인 E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, Sal. enterica ATCC 4931를 저해하였다. 단백질 가수분해 활성의 경우, 72시간 배양 후, 총 분리균주 중 72개(30.9%)가 활성을 나타냈고, 가장 많은 활성을 나타낸 것은 지누아리 무침 분리균으로 72시간 배양하였을 때 36개(60.0%)가 단백질 가수분해활성을 나타냈다. 본 연구를 통해 수산발효식품에서 분리한 균주가 식중독균을 저해하는 항균물질을 생산한다는 것과 단백질 가수분해 능력을 가진 균주가 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 활성이 우수한 균주의 확보를 통해 우수 활성균주로부터 천연 항균제를 분리, 적용할 수 있고, 단백질 가수분해활성을 다양한 발효식품 및 더 나아가 저염 수산 발효식품 생산에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 수세미와 행주 재질별 항균 활성을 비교하고, 적합한 살균 방법을 제시하고자 건조, 열탕, 마이크로웨이브 살균을 실시하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 수세미는 은나노, 구리, 망사 수세미 3종을 사용하였으며 행주는 은나노, 대나무, 면 행주 3종을 실험대상으로 사용하였다. 건조 시간에 따른 수세미 중 대장균 저감화 효과는 은나노와 구리 수세미에서 높게 나타났으나 B. cereus에 대한 저감화 효과는 모두 미미하였다. 건조 시간에 따른 행주 중 대장균과 B. cereus에 대한 저감화 효과는 모두 미미하였다. 77℃에서 30초 이상 열탕 살균 후 수세미 중 대장균은 검출되지 않았고 100℃에서 1분 이상 열탕 살균 후 수세미 중 B. cereus는 검출되지 않았다. 77℃에서 30초 이상 열탕 살균 후 행주 중 대장균은 검출되지 않았으나 100℃에서 1분 이상 열탕 살균 후 행주 중 B. cereus가 검출되어 살균효과가 미약하였다. 700 W 마이크로웨이브로 3분간 살균 후 수세미 중 대장균은 검출되지 않았으나 B. cereus는 검출되었다. 700 W 마이크로웨이브로 1분 이상 살균 후 행주 중 대장균은 검출되지 않았으나 3분간 살균 후에도 면 행주에서 B. cereus는 검출되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 집단급식소에서 사용되는 수세미와 행주에 의한 집단식중독을 예방하기 위해 항균 수세미와 항균 행주 사용을 지양하고, 식품의약품안전처에서 제시하는 끓는 물에서 30초 이상 살균에 대한 재검토가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 수세미와 행주의 위생관리를 위해 수세미는 100℃에서 1분 이상 열탕 살균, 행주는 700 W 마이크로웨이브로 3분 이상 살균을 제안한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2002

물레나물 에탄올 추출물과 헥산 분획물은 L. monocytogenes 5균주에 대해 25 ppm에서 72시간까지 완전 균증식 억제 효과가 있었다. 물레나무 헥산 분획물의 항균활성 물질을 분리, 정제하여 얻은 H2-5-2 소획분의 경우 실험 MIC가 10 ppm으로 그 항균력을 생균수로 나타내었을 때 초기 접종 균수보다 0.5 log cycle정도 감소하여 그 살균효과를 알 수 있었다. 물레나물 헥산 분획물의 항균 스펙트럼을 살펴보면 B. cereus나 S. aureus에 대해서는 실험 최저 농도인 25 ppm에서도 72시간까지 완전 증식억제 효과를 나타내었으며, V. parahaemolyticus에 대해서는 50 ppm 첨가시 72시간 동안 균증식이 억제되었다. 물레나물의 항균활성 물질은 불포화도가 높은 sterol로 추정되었다. 쇠고기와 명태육 마쇄물에 물레나물 헥산 분획물을 첨가하여 $32^{\circ}C$ 와 $5^{\circ}C$에서 식품 적용 실험을 실시한 결과 $32^{\circ}C$ 저장온도에서는 쇠고기, 명태육에 첨가한 물레나물 헥산 분획물의 항균효과가 나타나지 않았고, $5^{\circ}C$ 저장온도에서는 명태육에 첨가된 물레나물 헥산 분획물은 항균효과가 있었다. 그러나 물레나물 헥산 분획물의 항균효과는 배양액 상태보다 감소하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1997

Tetracycline is known to be effective in eliminating periodontopathogens and have collagenolytic activity. This study was performed to observe the desorption kinetics and structural changes of tetracycline-treated barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration. Four kinds of barrier membranes were tested : $Tefgen^{(R)}$(American Custom Medical, USA) and $Gore-Tex^{(R)}$(W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., USA) as nonresorbable membranes ; Resolut(polyglycolide & polylactide copolymer, W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., USA) and $Biomend^{(R)}$(collagen, Collatec Co., USA) as resorbable membranes. The membranes were cut into discs(diameter : 4mm) and were immersed in 5% tridodecylmethylammonium chloride(TIMAC) ethanol and air-dried. The membrane discs were absorbed with $100{\mu}g/ml tetracycline solution(pH8) for one minute and dried. For desorption kinetics, TC treated discs were immersed in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS, pH 7.4). PBS was exchanged daily and TC concentration was measured by absorbance at 276nm on UV spectrophotometer. To measure remaining antibacterial activity, discs of 1 day to 4 weeks after desorption were placed on Mueller Hinton agar containing Bacillus cereus and incubated aerobically in $37^{\circ}C$ for twelve hours and the inhibition diameters were measured. To observe the structural change of membranes after TIMAC treatment or immersion in PBS, the membrane discs were examined under SEM. The results were as follows : 1. Total amounts of TC absorbed into membrane discs($0.7536mm^2$) were $2000{\mu}g$, $1800{\mu}g$, $2625{\mu}g$ and $2499{\mu}g$ for $Tefgen^{(R)}$, $Gore-Tex^{(R)}$, $Biomend^{(R)}$ and $Resolut^{(R)}$. 2. The concentration of TC released from barrier membrane discs was maintained over $4{\mu}g/ml$ until the fifth day in nonresorbable membranes and $Resolut^{(R)}$, but until the fourth day in $Biomend^{(R)}$, Until the ninth day in nonresorbable membranes and until the seventh day in resorbable membranes, the TC concentration was maintained over $1{mu}g/ml$. 3. The four membrane discs in the first day showed similar size of inhibition zone. One to four weeks later, the inhibition zone was much smaller in resorbable membrane discs than nonresorbable membrane discs. 4. Any structural change due to treatment of TIMAC was not observed on the nonresorbable membranes. $Resolut^{(R)}$ did not show any structural change except fibrillar loosening during immersion period, but Biomend showed destruction of membrane structure from the first week of immersion. This study indicates that tetracycline treated barrier membranes lead to the sustained release of tetracycline for over 7 days. This slow release pattern of tetracycline may contribute to the favorable clinical outcome of guided tissue regeneration.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.774-781
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• 2015

The objective of the present study was to determine the total phenol and flavonoid contents and to evaluate the antioxidant potential, of different solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, chloroform, and water) from Robus idaeus in various radical scavenging models (DPPH activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reducing power, and nitrite scavenging activity), along with their antimicrobial potential. Measurement of total phenol and flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate extract of R. idaeus was found to be significantly higher than those of the other extracts. The ethyl acetate extract (at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$) showed significantly higher reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity as compared to the other extracts. Results were dose-dependent. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract of R. idaeus ($1,000{\mu}g/mL$) showed potent antioxidant efficacy ($85.5{\pm}1.18%$) as evidenced by nitrite scavenging ability at pH 1.2. All solvent extracts of R. idaeus showed lower SOD-like activity (13.72~20.54%). In addition, the antimicrobial activity of all solvent extracts except water extract showed strong inhibition (inhibitory zones in mm) of Staphylococcus aureus ($19.40{\pm}1.00mm$) and Bacillus cereus ($20.50{\pm}0.21mm$) growth. In particular, ethyl acetate extracts (100 mg/mL) showed antimicrobial activity comparable to that of tetracycline (0.01 mg/mL), which was used as a positive control. The results of this study indicate that the ethyl acetate extract of R. idaeus is a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial, with enriched phenols and flavonoids concentration, that has potential in the development of health-enhancing food products.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Objectives: Semecarpus anacardium Linn. is a plant well-known for its antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anti-arthritic properties in the Ayurvedic and Siddha system of medicine. This has prompted the screening of this plant for antibacterial activity. The main aims of this study were to isolate compounds from the plant's seeds and to evaluate their antibacterial effects on clinical bacterial test strains. Methods: The n-butanolic concentrate of the seed extract was subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) and repeated silica gel column chromatography followed by elution with various solvents. The compound was identified based on observed spectral (IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry) data. The well diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the isolated acyclic isoprenoid compound (final concentration: $5-15{\mu}g/mL$) on four test bacterial strains, namely, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 430), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1689) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MTCC 9829). Results: Extensive spectroscopic studies showed the structure of the isolated compound to be an acyclic isoprenoid ($C_{21}H_{32}O$). Moreover, the isoprenoid showed a remarkable inhibition of bacterial growth at a concentration of $15{\mu}g/mL$ compared to the two other doses tested (5 and $10{\mu}g/mL$) and to tetracycline, a commercially available antibiotic that was used as a reference drug. Conclusion: The isolation of an antimicrobial compound from Semecarpus anacardium seeds validates the use of this plant in the treatment of infections. The isolated compound found to be active in this study could be useful for the development of new antimicrobial drugs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2003

In this study, antibacterial activity on the chicken feed supplemented with different concentrations of oriental herbal medicine feed additives (OHMFA) extract was tested for some organisms and their preventive effects on the colonization of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in broiler chickens were examined. The growth of Bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited on the feed of 0.25% OHMFA and Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were inhibited on the feed containing 2.0% level. The broiler chickens fed a forage additived 1.0% level of OHMFA after inoculation of a $10^7CFU/ml$ of SE were increased in weight than the chicken fed forage without OHMFA. The incidence of SE in liver, spleen and cecum of the chickens fed forage with OHMFA was decreased on the 7th days of postinfection and SE was not isolated from the organs of the chickens after the 14th days of postinfection. Serum antibody titers of the chickens were lowered than the control group.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.44-44
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• 2003

Leaves from natural populations of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis in Suncheon of South Korea were examined for antimicrobial and antioxidative activities monthly (April through October). The antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate and water fractions of crude methanol extract from the plant collected monthly against three gram-positive, two gram-negative and one lactic acid bacteria were studied. The ethyl acetate and water fractions of crude methanol extract from A. princeps var. orientalis collected in August and September had the highest antimicrobial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for each strain by ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract from A. princeps var. orientalis was different depending on strains and sampling months. MIC for each strain was the highest in the sample of April, followed by October. In specific, MIC for Bacillus cereus was around 0.25mg/disc in the sample of April. The MIC for Staphyllococcus aureus was 0.01mg/disc in the sample of July, August, and September. It was the lowest value among tested strains and samples. And the antimicrobial activity for Lactobacillus plantarum was not found at any concentrations and sampling months. The in vitro antioxidative activities of methanol extract from Artemisia princeps var. orientalis collected monthly were determined by the scavenging of DPPH radical and inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. The DPPH scavenging activity of the extracts from the plant sampled in May, June and July were higher than any other months. The xanthine oxidase activity of the extract of A. princeps var. orientalis collected in April and May showed the greatest activity, it is different with antimicrobial activity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.962-970
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• 2016

Commercialized production of onion vinegar, which has biological activities formed through alcohol and acetic acid fermentation, requires standardization. The objective of this study was to determine optimal conditions of sugar contents ($11{\sim}15^{\circ}Brix$) and agitation rate (100~300 rpm) of fermenter in the alcohol-acetic fermentation for producing onion vinegar. The alcohol and total acidity contents increased, whereas contents of total sugars decreased during alcohol fermentation. Contents of alcohol of 13 and $15^{\circ}Brix$ reactants were about 8% in 36 hr and total acidities of all samples were below 0.2% in 60 hr. During acetic fermentation, total acidity increased with highest value at 9 days (3.2% in 100 rpm), 10 days (4.1% in 200 rpm) and 8 days (4.3% in 300 rpm), respectively. From these results, sugar contents ($13^{\circ}Brix$) were measured for alcohol fermentation and agitation rate (300 rpm) for fast fermentation method of vinegar. The contents of total phenols, flavonoids and quercetin in onion vinegar were 33.3 mg/100 g, 3.0 mg/100 g and 2.0 mg/100 g, respectively. Onion vinegar showed an antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. Antioxidant effect of onion vinegar was 26.23% in DPPH radical inhibition and 58.58% in superoxide dismutase like activity, respectively. Fibrinolytic activity was 1.51 plasmin unit/mL in onion vinegar. In conclusion, onion vinegar processed by alcohol and acetic fermentation had nutritional values and potential biological activities.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.612-617
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• 2012

The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of ovotransferrin were investigated in vitro. The antioxidant capacity of ovotransferrin was evaluated using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, antimicrobial effects using the agar well diffusion method, and cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylatetetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of ovotransferrin at 1 mg/mL level reached approximately 60% after 48 h of reaction. The antimicrobial effects of ovotransferrin against common food-borne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus KCCM 32395, Bacillus cereus KCCM 40935, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, and Helicobacter pylori HpKCTC 26695 were dose dependant. Gram-positive bacteria was more sensitive to ovotransferrin than gram-negative bacteria. Ovotransferrin showed stronger antimicrobial effect against L. monocytogenes than other gram-positive bacteria tested. The cytotoxicity of ovotransferrin was evaluated in human cancer cell lines, various tissue origins, including the larynx (Hep-2), stomach (AGS), lung (SK-MES-1), liver (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), cervix (HeLa), and colon (HT-29). Ovotransferrin displayed relatively high cytotoxicity (${\leq}60%$ inhibition effects) at 40 mg/mL. At lower concentrations (${\leq}10mg/mL$), however, ovotransferrin cytotoxic effects were not significant in all cancer cell lines tested. These results indicated that ovotransferrin has potential to be used as an antioxidant or antimicrobial agent in foods or a pharmaceutical agent against cancers.