• 암석학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 1997

본역의 지질은 백악기 경상누층군의 퇴적암, 이를 관입 또는 분출한 중성화산암류, 산성화산암류 및 제 4기 충적층으로 구성된다. 중성화산암류는 화성쇄설화산각력암, 석질화산력응회암, 안산암용암으로 구성되며, 산성화산암류는 데사이트질용결응회암 및 유문암용암, 유문암질응회암으로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 중성 및 산성 화산암류에 대해 암석기재학적 연구와 신선한 시료 10개에 대한 암석화학적 특성을 고찰하고, K-Ar법에 의한 절대연대 측정을 실시하였다. 현미경 관찰에서 안산암용암은 사장석이 주 반정광물로 나타나며, 기질은 미정질 내지 은미정질로서 반정광물과 동일한 필로택시틱 조직을 보인다. 안산암질각력암은 퇴적암 및 안산암의 자력 암편을 포함한다. 테사이트질용결응회암은 현저한 파라택시틱 조직을 보이며, 유문암용암은 유상구조를 잘 보여 주고, 안산암의 암편을 함유하고 용결구조가 현저한 화산력용결응회암이 나타나는데, 유문암용암에서 기질의 함량은 80.9~ 89.3%에 이른다. 주 반정광물은 사장석이며 부분적으로 녹염석, 녹니석, 방해석, 제오라이트, 푸로필라이트 등으로 2차 변질되어 나타난다. 본역의 화산암류는 Norm값에 의한 Q-A-P 도표에서 현무암질안산암, 안산암, 데사이트, 유문암의 일련의 분화과정을 나타내고 대부눈 칼크알칼리 계열에 속한다. 화산암류의 화학조성은 $SiO_2$ 함량이 57.61~75.40 %이며, MgO, CaO, $Fe_2O_3$, $Al_2O_3$, $Ti_2$, MnO, $P_2O_5$ 등은 $SiO_2$함량이 증가함에 따라 연속적으로 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 주성분원소 및 미량 원소의 변화도에서 안산암질에서 유문암으로 분화되는, 즉 마그마의 정출 분화 특징을 뚜렷이 보여준다. REE 양상 및 spider 도표에서 일정한 분화 경향을 보이며 나란하다. spider 도표에서 본역의 화산암류는 Th, La, Nd, Gd 등이 부화되어 있으며, Ba, Nb, Sr, Hf, Zr 등이 결핍되어 있는 특징을 나타낸다. 안산암에서 유문암으로 분화가 진행될수록 Cs, Sr, Eu이 점차 결핍되는 경향이, Th가 증가하는 경향이 있고, Ba, Nb, Sr, Eu의 부(-)의 이상값이 점차 커지는 경향을 보인다. 희유 원소의 변화 경향에서 안산암과 중성 암맥, 데사이트와 유문암의 경향이 서로 일치함을 볼 수 있다. 주성분 원소 및 미량 원소 함량 변화는 본역의 화산암이 안산암으로부터 일연의 분별결정작용 산물임을 암시하며, 또한 $Al_2O_3$와 CaO 함량의 관계도, Th/Yb 비에 대한 Ta/Yb 비의 관계도, $Ce_N/Yb_N$ 대 $Ce_N$의 관계도에 따른 판별에서도 분별결정작용의 경향을 따르고 있다. 본역의 화산암은 $K_2O$, $Na_2O$, CaO 삼각도에서 도호의 영역에, Ba/La비, La/Th비에 의한 판별도에서 조산대의 high-K suite에 속한다. Rb 대 (Y+Nb)의 판별도 및 Hf-Th-Ta 지구조 판별도에서 지판이 침강 섭입하는 지판 경계부(destructive plate margin) 중 화산호의 조구적 영역에 도시된다. 본역의 화산암을 생성시킨 마그마는 $Al_2O_3$와 CaO 함량의 관계도, mode에서 나타나는 사장석 반정, 분화가 진행될수록 부의 Eu 이상이 증가하는 것 등에서 사장석의 분별이 우세한 분별결정작용을 거쳤음을 알 수 있다. 안산암질암을 관입한 중상 암맥에서 측정한 암석 년령은 $97.0{\pm}6.8~94.5{\pm}6.6$, 데사이트질암은 $68.9{\pm}4.8,\61.5{\pm}4.9~60.7{\pm}4.2$Ma으로 측정되었고, 이것은 백악기 유천층군과 대비되며, 백악기 유천층군 암석의 지화학적 자료와 본역 화산암의 지화하적 자료는 판별도 등에서 같은 영역에 도시된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2008

$AB'_{0.5}B"_{0.5}O_3$ type complex perovskite structures which have been reported as proton conductors over $600^{\circ}C$ were studied. The $AB'_{0.5}B"_{0.5}O_3$ type complex perovskite structure is known to be more easily synthesized and has better stability than normal $ABO_3$ perovskite structure. And it is stable at about $800^{\circ}C$ in the $CO_2$ atmosphere, whereas the $BaCeO_3$ perovskite is easily decomposed into carbonate. In addition, this $AB'_{0.5}B"_{0.5}O_3$ type complex perovskite structure could simply produce oxygen vacancies within their structure not by introducing additional doping oxides but by just controling the molar ratio of $B'^{+3}$ and $B"^{+5}$ metal ions in the B site. Hence it is easy to design the structure which shows highly sensitive electrical conductivity to humidity. In this study, the single phase boundary of $BaR_{0.5+x}Ta_{0.5-x}O_{3-{\delta}}$(R = rare earth) complex perovskite structures and it's phase stability were investigated with changes in composition, x. And the humidity dependance of electrical conductivity at different $P_{H2O}$ conditions was investigated.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2014

$(Ba_{0.85}Ca_{0.15})(Ti_{0.9}Zr_{0.1})O_3$ + 0.04 wt% $CeO_2$ lead-free ceramics were prepared by conventional oxide-mixed method and the effect of sintering temperature on microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated. Improved piezoelectric properties have been observed at $1,400^{\circ}C$ sintering temperature which show the optimal electrical properties, $k_p{\sim}0.412$, $d_{33}{\sim}316pC/N$, $Q_m{\sim}144$, ${\varepsilon}_r{\sim}3,345$ and $T_c{\sim}85^{\circ}C$. These results show that the sintering temperature plays an important role in piezoelectric properties.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.651-655
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• 2013

$(Ba_{0.85}Ca_{0.15})(Ti_{0.9}Zr_{0.1})O_3$ + 0.04 wt% $CeO_2$ lead-free ceramics were synthesized by conventional sintering process and the effect of calcination temperature on microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated. Improved piezoelectric properties have been observed at $1,125^{\circ}C$ calcination temperature which show the optimal electrical properties, $k_p$~0.457, $d_{33}$~367 pC/N, $Q_m$~158 and $T_c$~$85^{\circ}C$. These results show that the piezoelectric properties can be improved by appropriate calcination temperature.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the Keum river estuary adjacent to coastal area. For this study we collected the 21 surface sediments samples. Mean size of surface samples was $3.24{\sim}6.65{\phi}$ on inner estuary and was $2.15{\sim}3.42{\phi}$ on outside estuary. Surface samples were composed of silt on inner estuary and were composed of sand which was more larger than $4{\phi}$ on outside estuary. Most major elements except CaO, $Na_2O$ showed good relationships between variation of contents and grain size. Contents of $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, $K_2O$, $TiO_2$, $P_2O_5$ and $M_nO$ were increased predominately owing to the variation of mean size of surface samples. Contents of Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Sr, Zn, La, Ce, Pb, Rb, Nd have a good relationships with grain size but Ba, Th, Sm have not. All of major and minor elements contents except $K_2O$ and Ba were less than world mean contents of shallow surface sediments but apprehend a high pollution possibility on silt sediments in the estuaries.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 1997

The coal formation of the Deokpyeong area are interbedded along metapelites of the Ogcheon Supergroup, which are composed mainly of graphite, quartz, muscovite and associated with small amounts of biotite, chlorite, pyrite and barite. The ratios of $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$, $Al_2O_3/Na_2O$ and $K_2O/Na_2O$ of the coaly metapelite are variable and wide range from 1.80 to 10.21, from 27.8 to 388.8 and from 7.6 to 61.8, respectively. These coal formation were deposited in basin of marine environments, and the REE of these rocks are not influenced with metamorphism and hydrothermal alterations on the basis of $Al_2O_3$ versus La, La against Ce, the ratios of La/Ce (0.19 to 0.99) and Th/U (0.02 to 4.75). These rocks also show much variation in $La_N/Yb_N$ (1.19 to 22.89), Th/Yb (0.14 to 21.43) and La/Th (0.44 to 13.67), and their origin is explained by derivation from a mixture of sedimentary and igneous rocks. The wide range in trace and REE element characteristics as Co/Th (0.12 to 2.78), La/Sc (0.33 to 10.18), Sc/Th (0.57 to 5.73), V/Ni (8 to 2347), Cr/V (0.02 to 0.67) and Ni/Co (1.56 to 32.95) of these coaly metapelites argues for inefficient mixing of the various source lithologies during sedimentation. Deep to pale green barium-vanadium muscovites (vanadium-oellacherite) have been found in this coal formations. Modes of occurrence and grain size of muscovite are heterogeneous, but most of the barium and vanadium-bearing muscovites occur along the boundaries between graphite and quartz grains, ranging from 200 to $350{\mu}m$ in length and from 40 to $60{\mu}m$ in width. Results of X-ray diffraction data of the minerals characterized to be monoclinic system with $a=5.249{\AA}$, $b=8.939{\AA}$, $c=20.924{\AA}$ and ${\beta}=95.894^{\circ}$. Representative chemical formula of the muscovite was $(Na_{0.09}K_{1.44}Ba_{0.46})(Al_{2.75}Ti_{0.07}V_{0.56}Fe_{0.08}Mg_{0.50})(Si_{6.12}Al_{1.88})O_{22}$. The V possibly substitute octahedral Al, and the Ba is coupled substitution of $K^+Si^{4+}=Ba^{2+}Na^+Ca^{2+}$, which compositional ranges of V and Ba are from 0.42 to 0.69 and from 0.34 to 0.56 based on $O_{22}$, respectively. Formation mechanism of the barium-vanadium muscovites in the coaly metapelite is shown that the formed by high pressure and temperature from regional metamorphism origanated during diagenesis at the interface between a basinal brine and organic matter.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2001

We have fabricated a modified hairpin-type YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-{\delta}}$ (YBCO) 2-pole microstrip bandpass filter with the center frequency of 5.8 GHz. We designed a hairpin-type filter with interdigital-coupled inner poles to improve the filter performance. Compared to a typical hairpin-type filter of the same size, the center frequency, the bandwidth and the insertion loss appeared smaller by 14.5% ,29.6%, and 0.55 dB, respectively. The dimensions of the filter were 13.7mm ${\times}$3.3 mm. YBCO films deposited on r-cut sapphire buffered with a CeO$_2$thin layer were used fur making the filter.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.710-714
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• 2014

The effect of titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) on the properties of color conversion glasses was examined for glasses based on $BaO-ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$. One glass sample, containing 25 mol% of each component, was used as a reference; the other three glass samples contained 1, 3, and 5 mol% $TiO_2$, respectively. The four color conversion glass samples were prepared by sintering a mixture of glass frits and a $YAG:Ce^+$ phosphor. The characteristics of the color conversion glass samples, such as luminous efficacy, luminance, CIE (Commission International de I'Eclairage) chromaticity, CCT (Correlated Color Temperature), and CRI (Color Rendering Index) were analyzed according to the PL spectrum. The refractive index of the glass samples was found to increase with the titanium dioxide content. In conclusion, luminous efficacy of color conversion glasses increased as the content of $TiO_2$ was raised in the glass matrix.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.10-13
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• 2002

We report the effect of Ca doping in $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ (YBCO) thin films grown on the Rolling- Assisted, Biaxially Textured Substrates (RABiTS) with the architecture of $CeO_2/YSZ/CeO_2/Ni$. Critical currents of bilayer and trilayer structures of $YBCO/Y_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}Ba_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$/(YCaBCO) as well as undoped YBCO for comparison have been measured in a wide range of temperatures and fields. For $6-8^{\circ}$ grain boundaries, 30% Ca-doping in bilayer structure enhances $J_c$ as high as 35%. The enhancement is larger at low temperatures and at magnetic fields. On the other hand, 30% Ca-doping in trilayer structure reduces $J_c$ as high as 60%. Combined with slightly lower $T_c$, this indicates that Ca is overdoped in this structure and degrades GBs.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 1998

The paper gives a brief introduction to protonic defects and their chemistry, thermodynamics and transport in oxides. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium concentration of protons is illustrated and compared for different acceptor-doped oxides. The difficulties of saturating as well as emptying the oxides of protons are discussed. In order to illustrate the possibility of lattice relaxation of defects, a conceptual study is made of a case where the enthalpy of dissolution of protons(water) at the cost of oxygen vacancies is assumed dependent on the concentration of vacancies. It is shown how this changes the behavior of hydration curves vs temperature and water vapour pressure. finally, a discussion is given on the water uptake in heavily oxygen deficient oxides; how water uptake may affect order-disorder in the oxygen sublattice and eventually lead to defective, disordered or ordered oxyhydroxides or hydroxides of potential interest as intermediate temperature proton conductions.