• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2003년도 The Fifth Asian Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference
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• pp.172-174
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• 2003

Nnumerical investigations of the tip vortical characteristics were conducted with lateral tip blowing to reduce Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise. The predictions of BVI noise were performed using a combined method of an unsteady Euler code with an aeroacoustic code based on Ffowcs- Williams and Hawkings formulation. A moving overlapped grid system with three types of grids (blade grid, inner and outer background grid) was used to simulate BVI of helicopter with two OLS-airfoil blades in forward/ descending flight condition. The calculated waveform of BVI noise, which is characterized by the distinct peaks caused during blade vortex interaction, clearly shows the effect of lateral blowing at tip to reduce BVI noise

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제25권2E호
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• pp.85-88
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• 2006

Blade-vortex interaction (BVI) is one of the most important phenomena in rotor flow since it causes undesirable intense vibration and noise. Since three dimensional Euler or Navier-Stokes solutions to BVI require very high computational cost, BVI has been approximated by airfoil-vortex interaction (AVI) in chordwise planes. To describe more realistic situations with AVI, three dimensional vortex informations such as position, core size and strength are embedded artificially to Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) calculation at each computational time step. To implement this requirement, in this paper, a technique called free vortex embedded method was used. And the solution by this method was compared with the solution by conventional method for interaction between freely convected vortex and airfoil. For the application to three dimensional free vortex embedded CAA, two dimensional free vortex embedded CAA method was validated in advance.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2008

The noise is one of the serious problems concerning helicopters operations. The issue of helicopter external noise generated mainly from a helicopter rotor has always affected the use of rotorcrafts, especially in the urban environment. The noise sources depend on the flight configurations. In particular, a noise generated by the interaction between blades and tip vortices mainly occurs during descent flight. This noise is called blade-vortex interaction (BVI) noise, and this BVI noise is particularly penalizing for helicopters. In this paper, a numerical study to capture the BVI noise is carried out. The numerical study is performed in two phases. In the first phase, a 2D simulation based on parallel BYI event of Kitapliglu et al experiment is performed. In the second phase, 3D simulation based on HART Ⅱ experiment is performed. Several experimental data such as thrust, torque, blade sectional load, its derivative and vortex location are compared with calculation results and the comparison showed reasonably good agreement.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2009

The flow fields around the HARTII rotor were numerically investigated using a viscous flow solver on adaptive unstructured meshes. An overset mesh and a deforming mesh technique were used to handle the blade motion including blade deflection, which was obtain from the HARTII experimental data. A solution-adaptive mesh refinement technique was also used to capture the rotor wake effectively. Comparison of the sectional normal force and pitching moment at 87% radial station between the two cases, with and without the blade deflection, showed that the blade loading is significantly affected by blade torsion. It was found that as the mesh was refined, the strength of tip vortex is better preserved, and the magnitude of high frequency blade loading, caused by blade-vortex interaction (BVI), is further magnified. It was also found that a proper time step size, which corresponds to the cell size, should be used to predict unsteady solutions accurately. In general, the numerical results in terms of the unsteady blade loading and the rotor wake show good agreement with the experimental data.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.71-74
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• 2012

Generally, tone noise is generated at the rotary wing and helicopter. BVI(Blade-Vortex Interaction) noise is one of the helicopter's tone noise. The BVI noise is governed by tip-vortex characteristics such as vortex size, strength and trajectory. To avoid BVI, many methods have been developed and proposed. In this paper, rotating blade with active tab was numerically investigated to reduce BVI noise. For flow and noise simulation, the lifting surface approach and the acoustic analogy were used. Using numerical methods, the noise directivity and maximum noise position were predicted.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.855-864
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• 2013

능동 탭은 BVI 소음 저감을 위한 능동제어 기술 중 하나이며, 이를 이용한 소음 저감효과에 대한 해석은 기술 개발에 있어서 매우 중요한 과정의 하나이다. 능동 탭의 소음저감 성능 분석을 위하여 모델 로터시스템에 대한 구조 설계를 수행하고 CFD 해석을 통해 에어포일 공력 데이터를 생성하였으며, 이를 이용하여 통합해석 프로그램인 CAMRAD II 모델을 구성하였다. 하강 비행 상태에서 능동 탭을 HHC 방법으로 작동할 경우 로터에서 발생되는 공력 하중을 CAMRAD II를 이용하여 계산하고, 이에 따른 BVI 소음 변화를 자체 소음해석 프로그램으로 계산하였다. 능동 탭의 작동 길이 및 제어 위상의 변화에 따른 소음해석 결과 최대 -3.3dB의 BVI 소음 저감 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2009

A three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes solver, KFLOW, using overlapped grids has recently been developed to simulate unsteady flow phenomena over helicopter rotor blades. The blade-vortex interaction is predicted for a descending flight using measured blade deformation data. The effects of computational grid resolution and azimuth angle increments on airloads were examined, and computed airloads and vortex trajectories were compared with HART-II wind tunnel data. The current method predicts the BVI phenomena of blade airloads reasonably well. It is found from the present study that a peculiar distribution of vorticity of tip vortices in an approximate azimuth angle range of 90 to 180 degrees can be explained by physics of the shear-layer interaction as well as the dissipation of numerical schemes.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2009

비정상 패널법과 시간 전진 자유 후류법을 연계하여 제자리 및 수직 비행 하는 헬리콥터 로터의 공력 및 익단와류를 검증하였다. 검증된 수치 방법을 이용하여 저속 하강 비행하는 로터에서 발생하는 BVI(Blade Vortex Interaction)의 비정상 공력을 해석 하고 이때 나타나는 익단 와류에 의한 공력의 변화를 고찰하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2006

The BVI(blade vortex interaction) noise Prediction has been one of the most challenging acoustic analyses in helicopter aeromechanical Phenomenon. It is well known high resolution airloads data with accurate tip vortex positions are necessary for the accurate prediction of this phenomenon. The truly unsteady time-marching free-wake method, which is able to capture the tip vortices instability in hover and axial flights, is expanded with the rotor flapping motion and trim routine to predict unsteady airloads in forward and descent flights. And Farassat formulation 1-A based on the FW-H equation is applied for the noise prediction considering the blade flapping motion. Main objective of this study is to validate the newly developed prediction code. To achieve the objective, the descent flight condition of AH-1 OLS(operational loads survey) configuration is analyzed using present code. The predicted sectional thrust distribution and sectional airloads time histories show the present scheme is able to capture well the unsteady airloads caused by a parallel BVI. Finally, the predicted noise data, observed in two different positions where are 3.44 times of rotor radius far from the hub center, are quite reasonable agreements with the experimental data compared to the other analysis results.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 기 개발된 로터 블레이드 해석 모델 중 구조 모델을 보완하여 기존에 수행한 HART II의 연구결과와 비교하였다. 구조 모델은 혼합변분 정식화 기반의 기하학적 정밀 보 모델이며, 블레이드의 기하학적 비선형 거동을 정밀하게 예측할 수 있다. 기존 해석 결과에서는 비틀림 변형과 구조하중 결과에서 실험결과 대비 위상차가 발생하였는데 본 연구에서는 기존 결과 대비 위상차가 현저히 감소한 결과를 도출하였다.