• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.331-338
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to establish early diagnosis for bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease(BVD-MD) Two Holstein among 22 breeding cows were shown ulcer in the mouth and watery diarrhea. Diarrheal feces and ulcerous lesion of the mouth from 2 cows were sampled for detection of viral antigen. BVD virus was isolated by inoculation of the samples to MDBK cells, and the cytopathic effects were observed in cultured MDBK cells which inoculated with virus isolates from the feces. Viral antigens were detected in the feces and ulceruous lesion by immunogold staining. The serum neutralization titers were shown 1 : 64 or greater in 8 blood samples by using BVD virus (NADL strain). By the RT-PCR, using reverse primer 5'-ACTCCATGTGCCATGTACAG-3', forward primer 5'-ACTCCATGTGCCATGTACAG-3', 285 base pair band specific to BVD virus was detected. In conclusions, the results of above tests which executed using the diarrheal feces and ulcerous lesion of the mouth and the isolates were conformed as BVD virus.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2005

Systemic aspergillosis were outbroken of 17 Korean native calves at livestock farm in Kyunggi province. Two 3 months old calves were died after having diarrhea, coughing, dyspnea, nasal discharge, and abdominal breathing. These calves were diagnosed of aspergillosis as multifocal to coalescing pyogranulomatous inflammation with intralesional aspergillus infiltration at liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lymph nodes, lungs, intestine and cerebrum. Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from the affected tissues. And the small intestine was positive against bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus on FA test. We considered that the secondary fungal infections killed the calves after BVD virus infection primarily.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1989

The changes in serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels, and BVD, IBR and PI-3 viral neutralizing antibody titers in colostrum-conferred Korean native calves during the first 12 weeks postpartum were studied, and the results obtained were summerized as follows: The Mean concentration of total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM and IgA in sera of 9 calves at birth were $3.8{\pm}0.5g/dl$, $0.27{\pm}0.15mg/ml$, $0.06{\pm}0.08mg/ml$, $0.21{\pm}0.11mg/ml$, and extremely low concentration, respectively. Serum total protein level reached a maximum at 20 hours after birth, total immunoglobulin, IgG, and IgM levels at 24 hours, and IgA level at 28 hours, respectively. Serum IgA level reached a minimum at 4 weeks old, IgM level at 5 weeks, total immunoglobulin level at 8 weeks, and IgG level at 10 weeks, respectively. After then those levels had begun to increase, but total protein level was still decreasing at 12 weeks old. The half-lives of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 21.1 days, 4.0 days, and 2.6 days-respectively. In 10 Korean native cows immediately after parturition, serum neutralizing antibody titers specific to BVD, IBR and PI-3 virus were $8.7{\pm}1.5{\log}_2$, $5.7{\pm}1.2{\log}_2$, and $6.8{\pm}1.01{\log}_2$, respectively. And colostral neutralizing antibody titers against BVD, IBR, and PI-3 virus were $10.1{\pm}1.4{\log}_2$, $6.8{\pm}1.3{\log}_2$ and $7.8{\pm}1.7{\log}_2$, respectively. Before suckling the colostrum, SN antibody titers against BVD, IBR, and PI-3 virus were undetectable from all of 9 Korean native calves. Nevertheless SN antibody titer against BVD virus reached a maximum level ($9.2{\pm}0.6{\log}_2$) at 24 hours after birth, that against IBR virus ($6.1{\pm}1.0{\log}_2$) at 20 hours after birth, and that against PI-3 virus ($6.8{\pm}0.9{\log}_2$) at 32 hours after birth, respectively. In 12 weeks old calves, the SN antibodies against BVD and IBR virus were still decreasing, but that against PI-3 virus reached a minimum at 10 weeks, and increased after 12 weeks of age. The half-lives of SN antibodies against BVD, PI-3 and IBR, virus were 16.0 days, 22.6 days, and 25.5 days, respectively.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.436-442
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• 1984

A total of 1,395 cattle of domestic and foreign origin was tested for the presence of antibody against BVD virus by a micro-neutralization test. Of 1,295 sera collected from cattle born in Korea, $38.4\%$ had antibody to BVD virus. Korean nativ

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.117-120
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• 2019

Bovine viral diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infections cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive problems, such as infertility, abortion, stillbirth, and sickly offspring. Many countries have reduced the economic damage through the application of different control programmes, and some have successfully eradicated BVD. Detection and elimination of cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV is important for BVD eradication because PI cattle are a main source of BVD transmission. In this study, the prevalence of Korean native cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV was investigated and determined in 49 farms with 3,050 cattle. The all samples were collected by ear notch sampling. Korean native cattle with initial positives on antigen-ELISA (Ag-ELISA) were sampled again after 3~4 weeks and cattle with second positives in both Ag-ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were identified as PI cattle. Among the 49 farms, 14 (28.6%) farms had at least more than one PI cow and 21 (0.69%) of 3,050 cattle were determined as PI cattle. As a result of this work, it is suggested that national BVD eradication program is required to reduce economic losses by BVDV infection in Korean cattle industries.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2022

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the problematic wasting diseases in cattle leading to huge economic losses. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of BVD including transient and persistent infection from cattle farms in Gyeongsangnam-do. A total of 2,667 blood samples from 24 farms were collected and the sera were subjected to ELISA to detect BVD virus (BVDV) antigen, E^rns. 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) of BVDV-positive samples was sequenced to identify the genotype, and compared with isolates previously reported elsewhere. There were fourteen BVDV-positive calves from 2,667 samples (positive rate: 0.52%) from first ELISA testing followed by eight persistently infected out of eleven BVDV-positive samples (72.73%) in secondary ELISA that was conducted in at least four weeks suggesting the circulation of BVDV in the area. Sequencing analysis exhibited that thirteen BVDV-positive samples were identified as BVDV-1b and one sample was BVDV-2a. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the BVDV-1b-positive samples showed the highest homology in nucleotide sequence to Korean isolates collected from Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do, while the BVDV-2a-positive sample (21GN7) was more similar to reference strains collected outside South Korea. This study will provide the recent fundamental data on BVD prevalence in Gyeongsangnam-do to be referred in developing strategies to prevent BVDV in South Korea.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2013

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is very important disease in domestic and wild ruminants and has a world wide distribution. Cattle persistently infected with BVDV (BVDV-PI) are the primary reservoir for BVDV infection in Korean native cattle herds. The prevalence of cattle persistently infected with BVDV (BVD-PI) was determined using 4,260 heads from 29 Korean native cattle farms at 8 districts from 2011 to 2012. The sera and ear nothches were collected for each sample. We surveyed BVD-PI cattle using antibody ELISA and antigen capture ELISA for detection of antibody and antigen respectively. Three thousand seventy-six cattle (72.2%) were positive for BVDV antibody and a total of 27 BVD-PI cattle were found in 12 farms. 11 cattle (40.7%) out of the total 27 BVDV-PI cattle were six months old or under. The positive rate of BVDV antibody (83.2%) from 12 farms with BVD-PI cattle was higher than the positive rate of BVDV antibody (63.6%) from 17 farms without BVD-PI cattle.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 1991

To investigate epidemological sitution of bovine viral diarrhea infection, serological survey in cattle being raised in Young Dong province were conducted. Bovine sera collected ramdomly from August 1990 to December 1990 were tested for bovine viral diarrhea virus serum neutralizing antibody titers. The results were as follows 1. BVDV SN antibody levels were considerably varies and positive rate was 58(108 heads out of 186) 2. BVDV SN antibodies to breeds of cattle was various and positive rates showed that diary cattle, beef, native cattle(Korean) were 67.52%, 59.38%, 27.00％ respectively followed in that order. 3. In the regional prevalence of BVD SN antibodies in cattle, Alpine(92％) was the highest, Young Dong south(59%) middle(44%), and North 30% followed in that order 4. In the age relatated prevalence of BVD SN antibodies, the younger than 6 month old group was the highest 65.7%, and older than 25 month old group was also at 62.2％. Then, 7 to 12 moth old group and 13 to 24 month old group showed to 58.5%, 52.1％ respectively. 5. The geometric mean titer (log2) of 108 cattle serum samples showing positive BVD SN antibodies was 4.3. 6. In the geometric mean titer(log2) according to age, younger than 6 month old group (5.2) was the highest, then 7 to 12 month old group 2.8(SD=1.94 standard deviation) was lowliest.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2007

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is very important disease in cattle industry with a worldwide distribution. Detection and elimination of persistently infected calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was valuable strategy for BVD eradication because those calves were main source for transmission. We surveyed persistent infection with BVDV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using whole blood and skin. Five hundred thirty nine Korean native calves were tested. Four calves (0.7%) were positive for BVDV antigen for both tests. Those calves remained positive for follow-up by RT-PCR and IHC. Therefore they were identified as persistently infected with BVDV. We confirmed that immunohistochemistry using skin biopsy samples was very useful tool to detect persistently infected calves with BVDV. As far as we know, this would be first report on persistent infection with BVDV in Korea.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.66-77
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• 2000

For a variety of viruses, the primary virus infection has been shown to prevent superinfection with a homologous secondary virus; however, the mechanism of exclusion has not been clearly understood. In this work, we demonstrated that BVDV -infected MDBK cells were protected from superinfection with a homologous superinfecting BVDV, one of the positive-sense RNA pestiviruses, but not with an unrelated rhabdovirus, such as vesicular stomatitis virus. Once superinfection exclusion was established by a primary infection with BVDV, the transfected infectious BVD viral RNA genome was shown to be competent for viral translation, but not viral replication. In addition, our results also demonstrated that upon superinfection, the. viral RNA genome of viral particles was not transferred into the cytoplasm of BVDV -infected cells. Using newly developed system involving rapid generation of the MDBK cells expressing BVD viral proteins, we subsequently found that expression of the viral structural proteins was dispensable for the block occurring at the level of viral RNA replication, but required for the exclusion at the level of viral entry step. Altogether, these findings provide evidence that the superinfection exclusion of BVDV occurs not only at the level of viral replication in which the viral replicase are involved, but also at the level of viral entry with which the viral structural proteins are associated, and that a cellular factor(s) play an essential role in this process.