• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2003

본 시험은 한우 암소에 대한 죽초액의 급여 효과를 구명하기 위하여 비육중인 암소 15두를 대상으로 대조구와 죽초액 3% 및 6% 급여구의 3개 처리구에 5두씩 공시하여 4개월간 사양시험을 실시한 결과는 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일당증체량은 죽초액 3% 급여구에서 약간 증가한 반면에 죽초액 6% 급여구에서는 감소하였다. 사료섭취량은 죽초액 6% 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 혈액성상에서 glucose 농도는 죽초액 3% 및 6% 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소하였다. Total protein과 cholesterol 농도는 죽초액 3% 및 6% 급여구가 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였다. BUN의 농도는 죽초액 3% 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였다. 도체성적에서 등심단면적은 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 등지방 두께가 죽초액 6%급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 근내지방도는 죽초액 3% 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높게 나타나 육질등급이 향상되었다. 죽초액 급여에 의한 부분육 성적에서 별다른 변화가 없었다. 등심의 이화학적 특성에서 조지방 함량이 죽초액 3% 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 전단력가와 콜레스테롤 함량은 죽초액 3% 및 6% 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 등심의 지방산 조성에서 16:0은 죽초액 3% 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소한 반면에 18:1은 죽초액 3% 및 6% 급여구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였다. 따라서 죽초액 3% 급여구에서 포화지방산이 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소한 반면에 불포화지방산이 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였다. 관능평가에서 죽초액 급여에 의한 냄새와 외관의 개선효과는 없었다. 맛은 죽초액 3%와 6% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 개선되는 효과를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 한우 암소에 대한 죽초액 3% 급여는 근내지방도 및 조지방 함량의 증가, 전단력가 및 콜레스테롤 함량의 감소, 불포화지방산 비율의 증가, 그리고 관능평가에서 맛에 개선효과를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2014

Objectives : We investigated whether bee venom(BV) inhibit cell growth through enhancement of death receptor expressions in the human cervix cancer C33A cells. Methods : BV($1{\sim}5{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited the growth of cervix cancer C33A cells by the induction of apoptotic cell death in a dose dependent manner. Results : Consistent with apoptotic cell death, expression of Fas, death receptor(DR) 3, 4, 5 and 6 was increased concentration dependently in the cells. Moreover, Fas, DR3 and DR6 revealed more sensitivity to BV. Thus, We reconfirmed whether they actually play a critical role in anti-proliferation of cervix cancer C33A cells. Consecutively, expression of DR downstream pro-apoptotic proteins including caspase-8, -3, -9 was upregulated and Bax was concomitantly overwhelmed the expression of Bcl-2. NF-${\kappa}B$ were also inhibited by treatment with BV in C33A cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that BV could exert anti-tumor effect through induction of apoptotic cell death in human cervix cancer C33A cells via enhancement of death receptor expression, and that BV could be a promising agent for preventing and treating cervix cancer.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.411-415
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• 2017

To evaluate the protective effects of Plantago Major extract (PME) in stimulated BV-2 microglial cells and its anti-oxidant properties, cell viability assessment was performed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to activate BV-2 microglia. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured using Griess assay. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) production was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antioxidant properties were evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. LPS-activated excessive release of NO in BV-2 cells was significantly inhibited by PME (P < 0.001 at $100{\mu}g/mL$). PME also scavenged DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05 at $10{\mu}g/mL$ and P < 0.001 at $20{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$). These results indicate that PME attenuated neuroinflammatory responses in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia by inhibiting excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO and TNF-${\alpha}$. The anti-neuroinflammatory potential of PME may be related to its strong antioxidant properties.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal effect of bee venom (BV) and sweet bee venom (SBV) against Candida albicans (C. albicans) clinical isolates. Methods: In this study, BV and SBV were examined for antifungal activities against the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) strain and 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans. The disk diffusion method was used to measure the antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were performed by using a broth microdilution method. Also, a killing curve assay was conducted to investigate the kinetics of the anti-fungal action. Results: BV and SBV showed antifungal activity against 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans that were cultured from blood and the vagina by using disk diffusion method. The MIC values obtained for clinical isolates by using the broth microdilution method varied from $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ to $125{\mu}g/mL$ for BV and from $15.63{\mu}g/mL$ to $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ for SBV. In the killing-curve assay, SBV behaved as amphotericin B, which was used as positive control, did. The antifungal efficacy of SBV was much higher than that of BV. Conclusion: BV and SBV showed antifungal activity against C. albicans clinical strains that were isolated from blood and the vagina. Especially, SBV might be a candidate for a new antifungal agent against C. albicans clinical isolates.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

Bee venom (BV) has long been used in traditional Eastern and Western medicine for chronic inflammation, pain and skin therapy. Human exposure to BV, however, often causes unwanted adverse effects and is even fatal in some cases. Phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$) of BV is now suspected to play a key role in these adverse effects. We investigated the potential use of $PLA_2$-free bee venom (PBV) as a replacement for BV in cosmetic products. PBV prepared by molecular weight cut-off ultrafiltration exhibits a superior profile in comparison with regular BV, by inhibiting elastase activity and suppressing the induction of nitric oxide (NO) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), while retaining the effects of cell proliferation and protection against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in human dermal fibroblast cells. PBV thus appears to be more promising than BV as a cosmetic ingredient with a reduced potential for adverse reactions in the recipient.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the improvement after Sweet BV herbal acupuncture therapy of shoulder impingement syndrome with Subacromial bursitis. Methods : We treated a patient having shoulder pain due to shoulder impingement syndrome with Sweet BV herbal acupuncture therapy. We checked visual analogue scale (VAS) score and range of movement (ROM). Results : We treated shoulder pain. Thereafter ROM improved and VAS score dropped to the level 3 points from 10 points at onset. Conclusions : This report shows Sweet BV herbal acupuncture therapy has effectiveness on shoulder impingement syndrome with Subacromial bursitis.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2012

To further access honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) venom (BV) as a cosmetic ingredient and potential external treatment for topical use, we investigated its ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis on melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. We found that BV increased the cell viability in B16F1 melanoma cell and BV (0.01~1 ${\mu}g/ml$) inhibited melanin synthesis in with 10 nM ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) for 48 h. In addition, we used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting for me melanogenesis-related genes such as tyrosinase to examine the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of BV on melanogensis. BV inhibited direct tyrosinase activity, which decreased melanin synthesis in ${\alpha}$-MSH stimulated B16F1 melanoma cells. Thease findings suggest that BV induces the downregulation of melanogenesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activation.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Objectives : This study is to report the effect of Pharmacopuncture therapy on a patient suffering from the pain and cold intolerance of hand caused by Carpal tunnel syndrome with Raynaud's phenomenon. Methods : We had treated the patient diagnosed as Carpal tunnel syndrome with Raynaud's phenomenon by Sweet BV and CF pharmacopuncture. We injected Sweet BV and CF into acupuncture points on both hands - Sweet BV into Baxie (EX-UE9), CF into Naegwan ($PC_6$) and Daereung ($PC_7$). And then we evaluated her symptoms by VAS (Visual Analog Scale). Results : Clinical symptoms about Carpal tunnel syndrome with Raynaud's phenomenon were remarkably improved by Sweet BV and CF Pharmacopuncture. Conclusion : Therefore, we concluded that pharmacopuncture therapy - Sweet BV, CF etc. - may be useful to treat Carpal tunnel syndrome with Raynaud's phenomenon.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2022

Actinidia polygama has long been used in traditional Korean medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Although numerous chemical compounds in the fruit extracts of A. polygama have been characterized and their role in inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production has been reported, the anti-inflammatory properties of A. polygama extracts remain to be explored. In this study, we investigated the in-vivo effect of A. polygama extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cell lines. We discovered that 100% ethyl alcohol extract of A. polygama effectively attenuates the release of NO and is superior to both water extract and 50% ethanol extract. Using MTT assay, western blot, and ELISA on LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells lines, we established the ability of A. polygama extract to markedly suppress the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. These results reveal that the anti-inflammatory property of A. polygama in BV-2 microglial cells is due to the downregulation of iNOS, COX-2, MAPK protein, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference in acupuncture sensation depending on the bee venom pharmacopunctures. The study was designed to identify the intrinsic acupuncture sensation of the bee venom pharmacopunctures compared to saline. Methods Bee venom,(BV), Sweet bee venom(SBV), and normal saline were injected in order to the left of ST36 (Joksamni), ST37 (Sang-geoheo), right ST36 (Joksamni), ST37 (Sanggeoheo) each. The order of insertion of the BV, SBV, and normal saline was randomly assigned using a computerized random number table. The questionnaire used in this study was based on the Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (MASS). Results : BV and SBV was statistically significantly higher than saline in soreness, aching, distention, sharp pain and itchiness. Above this, BV was statistically significantly higher than saline in tingling and throbbing. And SBV was statistically significantly higher than saline in warmth. BV was statistically significantly higher than SBV in ichiness. Conclusion. BV and SBV were mainly strong, heavy, and gave a sharp feeling to the subjects. The results of the study can be used as references for future bee venom pharmacopunctures use. In addition, the results of the study can be used as basic data for clinical trials using bee venom pharmacopunctures.